ComputationalScienceandTechniqueinBiologicalSystem

ProfessorTaoZHANGCollegeofLifeScience,NankaiUniversitySlide1研究背景神經(jīng)活動(dòng)癡呆、抑郁、孤獨(dú)癥等認(rèn)知功能改變突觸可塑性長(zhǎng)時(shí)程增強(qiáng)LTP同步與耦合神經(jīng)元放電信號(hào)PAC的生物學(xué)意義相位幅值耦合可能與很多記憶過程相關(guān)

1.海馬和前額葉皮層的相位幅值耦合機(jī)制可能支持工作記憶。

2.相位幅值耦合也與長(zhǎng)程記憶有關(guān)

比如，海馬中theta_gamma的PAC在學(xué)習(xí)聯(lián)想任務(wù)后比學(xué)習(xí)前更強(qiáng)。Theta波Gamma波PACOutlineoflecturesIntroductionFrequencydomainanalysis

Time-frequencyanalysisExamplesofapplicationTimedomainanalysisExamplesofapplicationExperimentalDataAnalysisExamSlide2Example-10.124231-4.62E-024.21E-028.05E-02-0.1486924.62E-029.52E-02-3.18E-027.37E-02-3.08E-044.63E-025.05E-02-5.41E-024.45E-02-0.141231-0.140462-6.88E-02-0.1786920.128462-0.283692-0.164923-0.156154-0.12423101.72E-021.12E-020.1123082.31E-036.38E-027.70E-02-8.91E-020.109308-9.77E-03-0.243308-0.174231-0.1649230.1201541.55E-023.68E-020.101231-0.1352317.55E-024.93E-02-0.1672.97E-02-0.108-4.62E-02-0.193-0.143923…PatternofneuralactivityEnergydistributioninfrequencydomain(Hz-%Power)HeartratefrequencyRespiratoryfrequencyComputationalAnalysis1.97231.36051.00131.54621.02921.64470.80433.37711.38491.2942

…1.13330.50970.3170.11240.3750.46910.34160.19860.30720.08340.28148.184414.55785.63180.32030.12520.13430.84651.07570.18990.4942

…NeuralOscillationSynapticPlasticityAlterationsofCognitiveFunctions？Synapticplasticityiswidelybelievedtoprovidethecellularbasisformostmodelsoflearningandmemoryandpointtotheimportantrolesincognitivefunctions.Neuraloscillatoryphenomenaandtheirsynchronizationarerelatedtocognitiveprocesses,withpropertieschangingundercognitivedisorders.Fromanimalstudyitiswellknownthatneuraloscillationsinthedeltaandthetafrequencybandsarethedominantrhythms,andthetaoscillationsreflectcognitiveandmemoryperformance.6Example-2NeuronalSynapticPlasticity-TheabilityoftheconnectionbetweentwoneuronstochangeinstrengthComparisonofslopesoffEPSPofLTPandLTDbetweennano-ZnOgroupandcontrolgroupfEPSPHFS-LTPThefEPSPsslopewasplottedasapercentagechangeagainstthebaselinebeforehigh-frequencystimulation.HanD.etal.InternationalJ.Nanomedicine,2011,6:1453–14617神經(jīng)振蕩計(jì)算--PAC算法PhaseLockingValue（PLV)：

分兩步：（1）提取低頻振蕩的相位

高頻振蕩幅值包絡(luò)線的相位

（2）圖示：海馬CA1區(qū)PLVLectureOne:IntroductionWhatisComputationalScience?Howdoescomputationalsciencefitinwithtraditionaldescriptionsofscience?TherelationshipbetweenComputationalScienceandotherthreeones.WhyShouldYouCareComputationalScience?WhatkindofComputationalScience&Techniquewillbepresentedtoyou?Whatkindofbiologicalsystemswillbeemployedinthiscourse?Slide3WhatisComputationalScience?

Putsimply,itisusingcomputerstodoscience.

Computationalscienceinvolvestheappropriateuseofacomputationalarchitecture(possiblyacomputer,calculator,abacus,dice,etc.)toapplysomealgorithm,ormethod,tosolvesomescientificapplications,orproblems.ThiscombinationofApplication,Algorithm,andArchitectureresultsinamodel,whichcanbeusedasascientifictool.Slide4▲OftenthecomputationalsciencesaredescribedintermsofTheoreticalscience

Experimentalscience

Observationalscience

Howdoesitfitinwithtraditionaldescriptionsofscience?

Slide5▲ExperimentalscienceExperimentalscienceiswhatisgenerallydescribedbymanyhighschooltextbooks"scientificmethod",whereahypothesisistestedbytheuseofacontrolledstudy.

Forinstance,amedicalresearchermighttakedifferentgroupsofthreepacksadaysmokerswhowishtoquit,andapplydifferent"treatments"toeachgroup,andrecordthesuccessrateforeachgroup.

Slide6▲Theoreticalscience

Theoreticalscienceistheapplicationofmathematicallogictoattempttoeitherpredictnewscientificlawsfromknownlaws,ortodeducesimplelawswhichdescribeknownphenomena.SomeSocialscientistsrefertothistypeofresearchasPhilosophicalscience.

AnexampleoftheoreticalscienceisAlbertEinstein'stheoryofrelativity,whichresultedfromhisapplyingtheknownbehaviourofelectromagneticfieldstogravitation,andpredictingtheresultswhichwouldoccur.

RelativityTheSpecialandGeneralTheory

Slide7▲Observationalscience

Athirdbranchofscience,whichisoftenlumpedinwithexperimentalscience,isobservationalscience(sometimescalleddescriptivescience).

Often,itiseithernotfeasible,orimmoral,toperformacontrolledstudyofscientificphenomena.

Anastronomersimplycannottraveltothedistantstars,butmustrelyoncollectingandinterpretingthelightfromthecosmos.Ourmedicalresearcherstudyingtheeffectsoftreatmentstohelppeoplestopsmokingwouldbethrowninjailforperforminganexperimentinwhichhe/sherequiredsubjectstosmokethreepacksadayinordertostudytheeffects.

SolarSystemSlide8▲ComputationalScienceTheoreticalscience

Experimentalscience

Observationalscience

Ithaselementsoftheoreticalscience,inthatitreliesheavilyonmathematicallogic.

Ithaselementsofexperimentalscience,inthatamodel,oncebuilt,canbevariedoneparameteratatimetostudyindividualeffects.

Ithaselementsofobservationalscienceinthatit'sultimategoalisabetterdescriptionoftheworldaroundus.

TherelationshipbetweenComputationalScienceandotherthreeonesSlide9ComputationalScienceTheoreticalscience

Experimentalscience

Observationalscience

Computationalsciencediffersfromtheoreticalscienceinthatinordertoapplytheory,oneoftenhastomakebroadassumptions.

Computationalscienceallowsustotradeanexactsolutiontoaverylimitedcaseforanapproximatedsolutiontoarealworldcase.

Computationalsciencediffersfromexperimentalandobservationalsciencesinthatitisamodelofnature,notnatureitself.However,ifweknowhownaturebehaves,wecanusethecomputertocreatemodelsthatcanbeusedinplaceofexperiments.Thecomputationalscientistscanmodeltheinsideofthestar(givensomeknowledgeofhownuclearreactionsoccur).Thecomputationalscientistscanstudytheeffectsonthepopulationofwidespreaduseoftobacco,withouteverforcingacigarettetoasubjectslips.

Whenusedinitsproperplace,computationalsciencecanbeaneffectivetoolforallowingustobetterunderstandtheworldaroundus.

Slide10▲WhyShouldYouCareComputationalScience?ComputationalsciencecanhelpusprovideabettereducationWeneedtoeducatebetteraboutcomputationalscienceWhenstudentslearntobuildmodelsoftheworldaroundtheminanattempttoanswerspecificquestions,theylearntoinquireinanauthenticmanner,andbuildtheirownunderstanding.Computationalscienceprovidesacontent-richmethodofputtinginquiry-basedlearningintoyourclassroom.

Atanintroductorylevel,theteacher'sgoalisnotsomuchtoteachdisciplinespecificdetails,buttohelpstudentstounderstandandappreciatetheprocessofscience.Computationalscienceispartofthatprocess,andanytreatmentofscientificmethodologywhichdoesnotincludecomputationalscienceisincomplete.

Slide11WhyShouldYouCareComputationalScience?Forhigherlevelstudents,thisispartoftheirjobskills.Sciencetodaymakesheavyuseofcomputersformodelling,visualization,anddatamining.Thesearethejobskillsthatyouradvancedstudentswillneed.Slide12▲Whatkindof