英語5English5Teacher:LiShimeiClass：ClassOne/ClassTwoin

theyear2015Major:Nursing/PharmacyUnit9

EnvironmentAwarenessContentsReadingIPassageAGreenElectricityAppliedWriting:PublicServiceAdGrammarFocus:

ComparativeDegreeofAdjectivesSelf-Assessment

Emphases&difficulties1.理解課文的大意。2.重點單詞和詞組3.重點句型4.形容詞比較級用法。5.公益廣告格式和寫法、有用的句型。BriefIntroductionoftheStyleandBackgroundofthePassage.

Thispassageisofanargumentationstyleintheformofnewspapereditorial,inwhichthewriterpresentshis/herpointofviewandtriestoconvincereaderstoagreewithit.

Themostimportantfeaturesofargumentativewritingareitsthreeelements:

aclearthemethatthewriterarguesfor;

evidencethatsupportstheargument;

andlogicallyorganizedpoints.

Duringthelastdecade,

themediahasgreatlyraisedtheenvironmentawarenessofthepublic.

However,anewreportshowsthatCalifornianconsumershavebeendeceivedby“green”electricitymarketingclaimsandthegreenbuyersareactuallypayingextradollarsforsham虛假的benefits.LanguagePoints

WordStudy(1)

release

v.

tobeknownandpublished公開發表，發布

e.g.Thenewtradefigureshavejustbeenreleased.Thepolicehavereleasednofurtherdetailsboutthecrime.Syn:disclosev.totellorshow披露；公開

e.g.Hedisclosedhisinnermostfeelings.

deregulatev.totakeawaygovernmentalrulesandlimits撤銷對…的管制

e.g.Thegovernmentderegulatedtheairlinesandallowedthemtocompetewitheachotheronpricesandroutes.

hoaxn.adeceptionortrick騙局；惡作劇

e.g.Thechildrenlovedplayinghoaxesontheirteacher.Thebombthreatturnedouttobeahoax.Syn:deceptionn.somethingthatcausespeopletobelievewhatisnottrue.騙人的東西；騙局

e.g.Shespreadfalseinformationasadeceptiontomisleadtheinvestors.

resultinv.tohaveasaresult;tocause導致，造成

e.g.Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopassengers.Thegameresultedinatie.Herhardworkresultedinabigbonusforher.Ant:resultfromv.tobethecauseof起因于

e.g.Hisillnessresultedfromeatingcontaminatedfood.

justifyv.togiveacceptablereasonsforanaction證明…有理；為…辯護

e.g.Howcanyoujustifysuchanexpense?Thegovernmentwillfinditdifficultto justifythisdecisiontothepublic.

renewablea.abletoberenewedorcontinued可更換的；可繼續的

e.g.Sun,windandwavesarerenewable sourcesofenergy.Thisticketisrenewableafter12months.

generatev.toproduceorcreate引起，導致

e.g.Theaccidentgeneratedalotofpublic interestinthenuclearpowerissue.Thepersonneldepartmentseemstobe generatingalotofpaperworkthese days.

duction產生

e.g.Thegenerationofelectricityisdone withnuclearpower.

takeadvantageoftouseanopportunity;tocheat利用；蒙騙

e.g.Healwaystakesfulladvantageofthe mistakesmadebyhisrivals.Thesalespersontookadvantageofme bychargingmetoomuch.Syn:exploitv.totreatunfairly剝削

e.g.Heexploitedworkersbypaying themverylittle.

promotev.tosupport,propose,esp.forthepublicgood主張；提倡；發起

e.g.Themayorpromotedtheideaof buildinganewsportsstadiuminthecity.Chinaissparingnoeffortstopromotethe causeofworldpeace.

beware

v.tobeverycarefulabout當心，注意

e.g.Bewareofpickpockets.Beware,sir,(of)whatyoudo.

criticala.analytical評判性的，extremelyimportant關鍵的

e.g.Thereviewerpublishedhiscritical commentsonartinthenewspaper.Thecriticshavemadeacriticalanalysisof thegovernment’srecord.Theproblemoffoodsuppliesisboundto becritical.

reviewv.toreexamine;tocriticize細查；評論

e.g.Theairportauthoritieshavepromisedto reviewtheirsecurityarrangements.AcriticreviewedthenewBroadwayplay andwrotefoodthingsaboutit.review

n.acritique評論

e.g.Ihopeyournewbookgetsfavorable reviews.Agoodreviewofnewplaywasintoday’s newspaper.

analyze

v.studyorexamineinordertolearnabout分析，研究

e.g.Heanalyzedthefoodandfoundit containedpoison.Theleadertriedtoanalyzethecausesof ourfailure.

repackagev.toputintoanewcovering重新包裝

e.g.Thedesignoftheirproductlookedold- fashioned,sotheyrepackagedittolook moremodern.

followsuittodothesameasanotherperson仿效別人；跟著做

e.g.Onceonebankraiseditsinterestrate, alltheothersfollowedsuit.Heaskedforarise,andsoonother employeesfollowedsuit.

leadto

resultin導致

e.g.Thiswillleadtotroubleinthefuture.Thescandalledtohimresigning.

extend

v.tocontinueinspaceortimee.g.Thecompanyplanstoextenditsactivity toproducevideos.Wewilleventuallyextendtheroadasfar asitisneeded.

dealwith

toconcern;tobeabout涉及，關于

e.g.Thischapterdealswiththeproblemof inflation.I’lldealwithverbsinthenextlesson.

encourage

v.togivehope,courageandconfidenceto;tosupport鼓勵，支持

e.g.Heencouragedmetoapplyforthejob.Youshouldencourageherinherattempts tobecomeadoctor,insteadofbeingso negativeaboutit.

lookinto

v.totrytofindthetruthaboutsth.調查

e.g.Aspecialcommitteewassetuptolookintotheproblem.Hehaspromisedtolookintothematter.Syn:investigatev.調查；審查

e.g.Mycarwasstolenlastweek;thepoliceareinvestigatingthecase.LanguagePoints

1.notestothepassage

（Para.1）Aground-breakingnewstudyreleasedtodaybyPublicCitizenshoesthatthemarketingof“green”electricityinCalifornia’snewlyderegulatedmarketislargelyahoaxonconsumersndresultinlittleornobenefittotheenvironment.Translation:

今天，《大眾》雜志所公布的最新一份開性的研究報告表明，在加利福尼亞州新進放開的公用事業市場上所銷售的“綠色電力”，對消費者來講，很大程度上是一個騙局，而且對環境的益處也微乎其微，甚至根本沒有。Analysis:

Analysis:ThepastparticiplereleasedtodaybyPublicCitizenisusedasapostmodifier,equivalenttoarelativeclause“thatwasreleasedtodaybyPublicCitizen”.Newlyderegulatedornewly-deregulatedisapastparticiplephrasethatcanbeusedasapremodifierofanoun.Apastparticiplecanbeusedinthiswaywhenitisprecededbyanadverb,anadjectiveorevenanounshowingthemanneroftheparticiple.Otherexamplescanbefoundin:awell-donejob,adelicatelymadewatch,thebeautiful-printedbrochure,agrass-coveredslope,thequick-wittedstudent.Example:Sheshrankfromtheeyesturnedupon her.Heateallthefoodleftinthedark-litkitchen.

1.notestothepassage

(Para.2)Theelectricutilityindustryisjustifyingderegulationbyclaimingthereareenvironmentalbenefits,suchasthemarketingofgreenelectricity,butinfactthe“green”isgoingmostlyintothepocketsofmarketers.Translation:電力事業部門正在為撤銷管制面辯解，聲稱諸如綠色電力的推向市場會給環境帶來益處，但事實上大把的“綠色”鈔票卻落入了經銷商的口袋。LanguagePoints

1.notestothepassage

Analysis:Intheadverbialofmannerbyclaimingthereareenvironmentalbenefits,therelativepronoun“that”whichintroducestheobjectclause“thereareenvironmentalbenefits”isomitted.Don’tconfuse“greenelectricity”with“green”inthesentence.Thelattersactuallythe“greenback”forshort,whichreferstotheUSbacknotes.Example:Thereare$80billioningreenbacksfloatingaroundtheworldasanunofficialcurrency.LanguagePoints

1.notestothepassage

(Para.2）Anestimated75-95percentofthatcostgoestowardcoveringmarketingandoverheadanddoesnotresultinanexpansionofrenewableenergygeneration.Translation:這項收費中估計有75%到95%需用于市場銷售和日常行政性開支，并沒有用于促進可再生資源的擴大再生產。Analysis:coveringmarketingandoverheadisapresentparticiplephraseactingastheobjectofthepreposition“toward”.LanguagePoints

1.notestothepassage

(Para.2）Anestimated75-95percentofthatcostgoestowardcoveringmarketingandoverheadanddoesnotresultinanexpansionofrenewableenergygeneration.Translation:這項收費中估計有75%到95%需用于市場銷售和日常行政性開支，并沒有用于促進可再生資源的擴大再生產。Payparticularattentionttheusageofcoverandoverhead.Coverisaverbherewhichmeans“tohaveenoughmoneytopayforsomething.”Overheadisanounwhichmeans“themoneyspenttorunabusiness,suchasrents,salaries,etc.”Example:Will$10coverthecostofthedamage?Whenwemovedourofficesoutofthecity, ouroverheadwascutinhalf.

LanguagePoints

1.notestothepassage

(Para.4)Mostmarketersaremakingrenewableenergythe“boutiqueoption”andtakingadvantageofpeoplewhowanttodotherightthing.Translation:大多數經銷商正把可再生能源變成一種“時髦的選擇”，并利用人們樂于公益事業的心理（大做文章）。Analysis:Makingrenewableenergytheboutiqueoptionformsthestructureof“V+O+C”,meaning“turningrenewableenergyintotheboutiqueoption”,somethingfashionabletorunafter.Besides,takingadvantageofheremeans“cheating”.LanguagePoints

1.notestothepassage

(Para.4)Mostmarketersaremakingrenewableenergythe“boutiqueoption”andtakingadvantageofpeoplewhowanttodotherightthing.Example:I’dliketomakingtheworldabetter place.They’remakingtheoldkitchenintoa littlebedroom.Thesalespersontookadvantageof mebychargingmetoomuch.

(Para.4)Theyaredeceivingratepayersintobelievingtheextradollarstheypayfor“green”electricityareactuallypromotingthegreateruseofclean,

renewableenergysources,

whenthatisclearlynotthecase.Translation:他們誘騙納稅人相信選用綠色電力而多付的款確實促進了可再生的清潔能源的推廣使用，而事實顯然并非如此。Analysis:Theoverallstructureofthissentenceis:Tobelieving...(that-clauseofobject)...(when-clauseofcontrast).

(Para.4)Theyaredeceivingratepayersintobelievingtheextradollarstheypayfor“green”electricityareactuallypromotingthegreateruseofclean,

renewableenergysources,

whenthatisclearlynotthecase.Analysis:Deceiving...Intobelievingmeans“causingpeopletobelievebycheatingthem”.Believingtakesanobjectclausewith“that”omitted.Andthesubjectoftheobjectclausetheextradollarsismodifiedbyarelativeclausewhichhasomittedtherelativepronoun“that”or“which”.Theuseofwheninthelastclauseisalittlespecific,usedstructurallytointroduceanadverbialclauseoftime,butinmeaningthisclausegivesthenegationofwhatissaidinthemainclause,thusformingasharpcontrast.Examples:Hedeceivedtheoldladyintolendinghimallher moneyforhisbusiness.Youdescribethispolicyasrigidandinflexible, wheninfactitisextremely

flexible.

(Para.5)ThereportreviewsthecontentandcostofgreenpowerproductsbeingofferedinCaliforniaandanalyzestheclaimsbeingmadeaboutthem.Translation:這份報告審查了加州市場銷售的“綠色電力”產品的成分和成本，并解剖了經銷商對此所作的承諾。Analysis：BeingofferedinCaliforniaandbeingmadeaboutthemareboththepassiveformofthepresentparticiples,whichfunctionstoshowthepresentcontinuoustenseand,thus,canbetranslatedas“正在加州銷售的”和“正就它們做出的”。Examples:TheconferencebeingheldinBeijingisoftremendousimportant.TheexpresswaybeingbuiltisscheduledtobeopenedtotrafficonMayDay.

(Para.6)ThegreenelectricityboughtbyCalifornianconsumerscomeslargelyfromrenewableenergysourcescontrolledbyutilitiesandisalreadybeingpaidforbythoseutilitiescustomers.Translation:加州的消費所購買的綠色電力主要來自于公用事業部門控制之下的可再生能源，消費者已為使用這種能源一直在付款。Analysis:ThetwoitalicizedparticiplephrasesboughtbyCalifornianconsumersandcontrolledbyutilitiesserveasthepostmodifierof“electricity”and“sources”respectively.

(Para.6)ThegreenelectricityboughtbyCalifornianconsumerscomeslargelyfromrenewableenergysourcescontrolledbyutilitiesandisalreadybeingpaidforbythoseutilitiescustomers.2）Isbeingpaidthepassivefromoftheverbphrase“topay”inpresentcontinuoustense.Example:AnotherkindoffootballinventedinEnglandisrugbywhichwasbe

(Para.6)Theelectricityissimplybeingrepackagedandsoldathigherprices.Translation:這種電力現在僅僅是經過重新包裝，便以更高的價格出售。Analysis:Issimplebeingrepackagedandsoldisthepassivevoiceofthepresentprogressiveformofverbs“repackage”and“sell”,whichindicatessomethingthatisorwasbeingdone.Example:Newbuildingmaterialsandnewinventionsareconstantlybeingdeveloped.

P148—1

Checkingyourunderstanding1.Wecanknowfromthepassagethatthefossilenergyisnotsustainable

b.2.Inthesentence“…butinthe‘greenisgoingmostlyintothepocketsofmarketers.”

Theword“green”mostlyprobablymeansconsumers’moneyc.3.Greenelectricityisgeneratedfromthefollowingenergysourcesexceptthecoal-firedpowerc.4.accordingtothepassage,manyratepayersdidnotrealizethattheywerecheatedbythebogusclaimsa.5.Thepurposeinwritingthereportistocriticizethemarketerstoaskforcompenstionb.

P169--5TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthegivenwords.1.Thetelephonecallersaidtherewasabombinthehotelbutitlaterturnedouttobeahoax.2.Thepolicehavereceivedthecomplaint,andthey’relookingintoit.3.Hollywoodhasbeendyingforyears.WilltheBritishfilmindustryfollowsuit?4.Bewarehowyouhandlethisdangeroussubstance..

P169--5TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthegivenwords.5.Thestategovernmentclaimstheyhavereducedpersonaltaxation6..6.Don’tdeceiveyourselfintothinkingthatthebadplanwillwork.7.Let’sanalyzetheproblemandseewhatwentwrong.Appliedwriting—

PublicServiceAd

BriefIntroductionPublicserviceadscanbeclassifiedasnon-commercialadvertising.Theyareusuallyannouncementsandadvertisementsforpublicaffairswhichweremadebynon-profit-makingorganizationssuchasreligiousgroups,charitableinstitutionsandgovernmentaldepartments.Publicserviceadsusuallyfeaturesfivebasicelements:illustration;headline;bodycopy;slogan;trademark.NotestothePassage

(Title)Globalreliefcomesinallshapesandsizes.Translation:拯救地球，不分你我Analysis:Inallshapesandsizesmean“ofanykind”.Examples:Housescomeinallshapesandsizes.Hewillnottoleratedisobedienceinallshapesandsizes.

(Sample2)PhilipsU.K.LimitedisasubsidiaryofPhillipsNV,amultinationalwithitsheadquartersintheNetherlands.Translation:菲利普英國有限公司是菲利普NV的一家子公司。菲利普NV是一家跨國公司，其總部設在荷蘭。Analysis:Amultinational(company)isanappositivetoPhilipsNV.WithitsheadquartersintheNetherlandsisanabsoluteparticiplestructurewiththepresentparticiple“being”omitted—theresumedstructureshouldhavebeen:withitsheadquartersbeingintheNetherlands.Example:MSEisansubsidiaryofMannesmanSeiffentGmbH,amultinationalwithitsheadquartersinGermany.

(Para.2)Yousee,GlobalReliefisnomorethananame.Translation:你瞧，“拯救地球”僅僅是個名稱而已。Analysis:Nomorethanmeans“simplyormerely”.Examples:Don’tworryabouttherain,yousee,it’snomorethanadrizzle.

(Para.3)Byplantingevenonetreeyou’llbemakingapositivecontributiontotheworldwelivein.Translation:哪怕是種植一棵樹，也會對我們所生存的這個世界有所貢獻。Analysis:Weliveinisarelativeclausewhichomitsrelativepronoun“which”andmodifies“theworld”.Example:Bydonatingevenoneyuanyou’llbemakingapositivecontributiontothe2008Olympicswebidfor.

NotesWordStudy

beautifyv.tomakepretty美化；使漂亮

e.g.Shebeautifiedhergardenbyplanting flowers. Theavenuehasbeenbeautifiedbya spectacularfountain.

Notes

WordStudy

makeadifferencetobringachange(forthebetter)引起（更好的）變化

e.g.Shereceivedanincreaseinpayandit hadmadeabigdifferenceinherattitude.Whatdifferenceshasthisdiscovery made?

Notes