--WORD#式--WORD#式-可編輯-Unit7HopingforthebetterUnderstandingandLearningOverviewThisunitdiscussestheissueofethicsandetiquette,andtheseriousnessoftheissue.Seemingly,newspapersandTVnewsaretellingusthatsomevirtuesarevanishing,honestyisgoingoutofstyle,especiallyintheacademiccommunity,andpeopleareruderandmoreinsensitivetoothersinmanyaspects.Ishonestyreallyoutofdate?Whatrudebehaviordopeoplehave?Whatformsofdishonestyexistoncampus?Isthephenomenonontherise?Whatotherethicalandetiquetteproblemsarethereonandoffcampus?TextAshowshowhonestyisnotvaluedasmuchasbeforeacrossalllayersofsociety.Therearealsodifferentkindsofdishonestbehaviorsinschool,forexample,cheatingandplagiarism.Studentsshouldrealizethoseactsaretotallywrongandunethicalandtheyshouldnotdoso.TextBdiscussesvariousformsofpooretiquetteandthereasonsbehindthem.Italsocallsonustopracticekindnessandstriveforabetter,brighterworldforusall.Classactivitiescanbedesignedtomakestudentsreviewcheatingandrudebehaviorsonandoffcampus.Theteachermayaskstudentstoreflectonwhethertheyhaveeverengagedincheatingorrudebehaviors.Classdiscussionaboutbadbehaviorsandrole-playingarerecommended.BeforereadingTextA,askstudentstolistdishonestphenomenaoncampus,andcommentonthecausesandconsequencesofeachphenomenon.Second,askstudentstoexplorethereasonswhycheatingiscommonatcollege.Third,askstudentstodiscusssomewell-knownscandalsinacademia.Finally,letthemthinkaboutwhatteachersandstudentscandorespectivelytoimprovethesituation.BeforereadingTextB,studentscanenumeratetherudedeedsthattheyhaveobserved.Thentheymaydiscusspossiblecausesandsevereconsequencesforsuchdeeds.Finally,studentsshouldtrytoprovidesolutionstotoday'setiquetteproblems.AssuggestedintheUnitproject,askstudentstowriteshortplaysaboutrudebehaviorsanddoarole-play.SectionAWhenhonestydisappearsBackgroundinformation1.AbrahamLincolnAbrahamLincoln(1809-1865)wasthe16thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1861to1865.HeledthecountrythroughtheAmericanCivilWar,preservingtheUnion,endingslavery,andpromotingeconomicandfinancialdevelopment.BroughtupinapoorfamilyonafarminKentucky,Lincolnwasmostlyself-educated.Thoughwithoutaformaleducation,hisspeakingskillsandpracticeindebateswonhimnationalrecognition.HewaselectedtheUSpresidentin1860.TheCivilWarbeganinApril1861whentheSouthernstatesdeclaredtowithdrawfromtheUnion.In1863,LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamation（《解放宣言》）andthe13thAmendmenttotheUSConstitutionthatdeclaredallslavesfreemen.In1864,Lincolnwasre-electedpresidentforasecondterm.OnApril14,1865atFord'sTheatreinWashington,D.C.,LincolnwasshotandkilledbyJohnWilkesBooth,whowasastageactorandstronglyopposedtheabolitionofslaveryintheUnitedStates.AmongAmericanheroes,Lincolncontinuestohaveauniqueappealforhisfellowcountrymenandalsoforpeopleofotherlands.LincolnhasbeenconsistentlyregardedasoneofthegreatestUSpresidents.TheLincolnMemorialinWashington,D.C.,wasdedicatedtohimonMay30,1922.DetailedstudyofthetextAsnumerousaccountsofcheating,lying,andfraudcrowdournewspaperpagesandTVnews,itseemsthathonestyisarapidlyvanishingvalue.(Para.1)Meaning:FromournewspapersandTVnews,wereadcountlessreportsaboutpeoplecheating,lying,anddeceiving.Honestyasavaluablemeritseemstobedisappearingquickly.fraud:n.[C,U]thecrimeofdeceivingpeopleinordertogainsth.suchasmoneyorgoods欺詐；詐騙Theysaidthatitwasthetemptationofmoneythatledthemtocommitthefraud.他們說正是受到金錢的誘惑他們才去行騙的。crowd:vt.Ifpeopleorthingscrowdaplace,therearealotofthemthere擠滿；塞滿Thanksgivingshopperscrowdedthedepartmentstore.那家百貨大樓里擠滿了感恩節的購物者。Andthereportsindicatethat,aroundtheglobe,corruptionanddishonestyaresowidespreadthatthehealthandwell-beingofsocietyareatrisk.(Para.1)Meaning:Andthereportsshowthatimmoralanddishonestbehaviorsaresocommonworldwidethattheworldmaybecomelesshealthyandlesscomfortabletolivein.corruption:n.[U]dishonest,川egal,orimmoralbehavior,esp.fromsb.withpower(尤指有權勢者的)貪污，賄賂，受賄，腐敗Wethinkallgovernmentsshouldservetheirpeopleandseektoendcorruption.我們認為所有的政府都應該服務于人民，并且力求消除腐敗well-being:n.[U]afeelingofbeingcomfortable,healthy,andhappy舒適；健康；幸福Beingfullyemployedcandowondersforyoursenseofwell-being.整日忙忙碌碌能神奇地讓你有一種幸福感。Thosereportsincludestoriessuchasthestudentswhofacedcriminalchargesforsellinginadvancecopiesofauniversityfinalexam,astudentwhowasexpelledwhenheturnedinatermpaperwiththepurchasereceiptforitstillinsidethepages,andaclerkwhoranhisownChristmascardsthroughtheofficepostagemeterandwasfoundoutwhenhesentoneofthecardstothecompanytreasurer!(Para.1)Meaning:Thesereportscontainthefollowingstories:thestudentswereaccusedbecausetheysoldcopiesofauniversityfinalexampaperbeforethefinalexam;astudentwasforcedtoleaveuniversitypermanentlybecauseheboughtatermpaperandsubmitteditwiththepurchasereceiptstillleftinsidethepages;andaclerkusedtheofficepostagemetertomailhisownChristmascards,andhischeatingbehaviorwasdiscoveredwhenhesentoneoftheChristmascardstothecompanytreasurer!expel:vt.Officiallyforcesb.Toleaveaplaceororganizationbecauseoftheirbadbehavior強迫(某人)離開；驅逐；開除Twoseniorstudentshavebeenexpelledforcheatingonthefinalexam.兩名大四學生因為在期末考試時作弊而被學校開除。turnin:(BrEhandin)giveapieceofworkyouhavedonetoateacher,youremployer,etc.上交Ican'tgotomovieswithyou.Ihaveanassignmenttoturnintomorrow.我不能和你去看電影。我明天還有作業要交呢。purchase:n.[C,U](fml.)sth.youbuy,ortheactofbuyingit購買(的東西)Advertisersneedtolearnwhatwillmotivatepeopletomakeapurchase.廣告商需要了解什么會刺激人們買東西。vt.(fml.)buysth.購買ThemuseumistryingtoraiseenoughmoneytopurchaseapaintingbyvanGogh.這家博物館正在努力籌集資金去購買梵?高的一幅畫。treasurer:n.[C]sb.whoisofficiallyresponsibleforthemoneyforanorganization,club,politicalparty,etc.財務主管；司庫Wehaveallreadorheardaccountssuchasthese,nottomentionthestoriesofdishonestyamongstalllayersofsocietyasexemplifiedbyconsumerswhostealandpoliticianswhodemandbribes.(Para.1)Meaning:Wehaveallreadorheardstorieslikethese,noteventotalkaboutmoredisgracefulstoriesofdishonestyateverylevelofsociety,forexample,customersstealingthingsandpoliticiansillegallyaskingformoneyorgifts.nottomentionsth.:usedtointroduceanadditionalthingthatmakesasituationevenmoredifficult,surprising,interesting,etc.更不用說某事了。HeownsalotofpropertyinNewYork,nottomentionseveralluxuriouscars.他在紐約有很多財產，更不必說擁有好幾輛彖車了。layer:n.[C]alevelorrankwithinanorganizationorsystem(組織或體系中的)層，級別，階層Therearetoomanylayersofmanagementinthecompanytomakeaquickdecision.公司有太多的管理層，無法迅速做由決定。anamountorpieceofamaterialorsubstancethatcoversasurfaceorthatisbetweentwootherthings表層；層Theboysbegantodigandweresurprisedwhentheydiscoveredalayerofstones.男孩子們開始挖掘，而且驚訝地發現了一層石塊。★exemplify:vt.beatypicalexampleofsth.作為…的范例；當做…的典型MarkTwain'snovelTheAdventuresofTomSawyerexemplifies19th-centurylifeintheUnitedStates.馬克?吐溫的小說《湯姆?索亞歷險記》體現了19世紀美國的生活。giveanexampleofsth.舉例說明我將用一個故事Iwillexemplifymypointwithastory.我將用一個故事來說明我的觀點。★bribe:n.[C]moneyoragiftthatyouillegallygivesb.topersuadethemtodosth.foryou賄賂Itwassaidthathealwaysrefusedtotakebribeswhileinoffice.據說他在執政時一直拒絕受賄。vt.illegallygivesb.esp.apublicofficial,moneyoragiftinordertopersuadethemtodosth.foryou賄賂;收買Hewasbribedintogivingsecretinformationofhiscompanytoanothercompany.他被收買而把公司的機密泄露給了另一家公司。5.Travelersrippedoffsomanytowelslastyearthatitcostamajorhotelchain$3milliontoreplacethem.Especiallytroublingarethereportsthatdishonestyisincreasingamongststudentpopulationsaroundtheworld.(Para.1)★rip:vt.removesth.quicklybypullinghard撕掉；扯掉GillyrippedoutasheetofpaperfromMary'snotebooktotakenotes.吉利從瑪麗的筆記本上撕下一頁紙記筆記。v.teatsth.orbetornquicklyandviolently撕；扯；被撕裂；被扯開IrippedmyjeansonthefencewhenItriedjumpingoverit.當我試著要跳過柵欄時，我的牛仔褲被撕破了。ripoff:(infml.)stealsth.盜竊Hewalkedintothestoreandrippedoffapairofgloves.他走進商店，偷了一副手套。chargesb.toomuchmoneyforsth.敲?,竹杠Touristsareworriedthey'llgetrippedoff.游客們擔心被敲竹杠。Note:Inthesentencechainreferstoanumberofshops,hotels,cinemas,etc.ownedormanagedbythesamecompanyorperson.Forexample:achainofrestaurants/arestaurantchain連鎖飯店UsageNoteEspecially,specially1.especially是副詞，表示“尤其；特別；格外”，通常用來表示強調或者對前面的陳述作進一步的補充說明，可以用在名詞、形容詞、介詞短語或者從句等的前面。例如：Hewaskindtohisstaff,especiallythosewhoweresickorintrouble.他對員工非常好，尤其是對那些生病的或者遇到麻煩的員工。Feedbackisespeciallyimportantinlearningskills.反饋意見在學習技能的過程中尤其重要。Thisisaverycommonword,especiallyinspokenEnglish.這是一個很常用的詞，尤其是在英語口語中oNoiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.噪音使人不舒服，尤其是當你想要入睡時。注意：especially不可用與句首。例如：Helovesfruit.Heespeciallylikeskiwi.(Not:Especiallyhelikes…)他愛吃水果，尤其喜歡彳彌猴桃。2.specially是副詞，表示“專門地；特意”，強調唯一的目的。例如：Shereturnedtoherhometownspeciallytoseehermother.她特地回家鄉看望母親。Butarethesereportstrulyaccurateordotheyexaggeratethesituation?(Para.2)Meaning:Butarethesereportscorrectandexactordotheymakethesituationlookworsethanitreallyis?★accurate:a.correctandtrueineverydetail正確的;準確的Accuraterecordsaboutthisaccidentmustbekeptforfurtherinvestigation.必須準確記錄這次事故，以便以后進行進一步調查。★exaggerate:v.makesth.seembetter,larger,worse,etc.thanitreallyis夸大；夸張；言過其實Shellyadmittedthatshedidsometimesexaggeratethedifficultyofherjob.謝莉承認，她有時候確實夸大了自己的工作難度。Shouldwebealarmedbytheseaccountsoffallingstandardsofprinciplesandmorality?(Para.2)Meaning:Shouldwefeelworriedwhenhearingthesereportsthatthestandardsofmoralbeliefsandideasaredeclining?alarmed:a.(notusu.beforenoun)frightenedorworriedthatsth.unpleasantordangerousmighthappen驚恐的；憂慮的；擔心的Manypeoplewerealarmedbythenewsreportsaboutthebirdflu.許多人都對于禽流感的新聞報道感到很恐慌。principle:n.[C,U]amoralruleorbeliefaboutwhatisrightandwrong,thatinfluenceshowyoubehave道德原貝U;行為準則Itwouldbeagainstmyprinciplestolietomyparentsaboutanything.對父母撒任何謊都是違背我的原則的。[C]thebasicideathataplanorsystemisbasedon原則；原理；基本的觀念Herecommendedatextbookwhichteachesthebasicprinciplesofgeometry.他推薦了一本有關幾何學基本原理的課本。★morality:n.[U]beliefsorideasaboutwhatisrightandwrongandabouthowpeopleshouldbehave道德;道德觀Unemploymentisnottheissue;therealproblemisthedeclineinpublicmorality.失業并不是問題，真正的問題是公眾道德水平的下降。8.Theassumptionisthatstudentdishonestyismoreextensivenowthanitwas20,50,100yearsago.Ifso,what'sbehindit?(Para.2)Meaning:Itisbelievedthatstudentdishonestyisnowmorewidespreadthanitwas20,50,100yearsago.Ifthisistrue,whatcausesthisphenomenon?★extensive:a.largeinsize,amount,ordegree廣闊的；大量的;大規模的Extensiverepairworkisgoingtobeginsoon.大規模的修繕工作很快就要開始了。containingordealingwithalotofinformationanddetails廣泛的；全面的Hetriedtoimpressuswithhisextensiveknowledgeofwine.他試圖用他豐富的葡萄酒知識來給我們留下深刻印

★behind:prep.usedfortalkingaboutthehiddensbehindthischargeofhisplan.reasonforsth.在?一背后(用于表示某事背后的原因)sbehindthischargeofhisplan.我想'sdeeplytroublingas'sleaders!(Para.2)does我想'sdeeplytroublingas'sleaders!(Para.2)doesexist,itisverystudentswillbecome知道他改變計劃的原因是什么。Ifthisisindeedthecase,ittoday'sstudentsaretomorrowMeaning:Ifsuchasituationworryingbecausetoday'sleadersinthefuture!★Ifthis/thatisthecase:usedtodescribewhatyouwilldo,orwhatwillhappen,asaresultofaparticularsituationorevent如果是這樣、那樣的話Hesaidhedidnotcomebecausehehadafamilyemergency.Ifthatsthecase,Iwillapologizetohimformyharshwords.他說他沒來是因為家里生了急事。如果是那樣的話，我會為我說了那些傷人的話而向他道歉。It'spossiblethatthedesiretocheatisnogreaterthaninthepast.However,thecriticalimportanceofhavingauniversitydegreemayhaveincreasedthepressuretocheatinacademicenvironments.(Para.2)Meaning:It'spossiblethatnowadayspeople'sdesiretocheathasnotbecomestrongerthaninthepast.However,sinceitisextremelyimportanttoobtainauniversitydegree,thismaycausegreaterpressureforstudentstocheatinstudies.UsageNotenogreaterthan是一種特殊形式的比較級，由“no+形容詞比較級+than”構成。例如：Sheisnotallerthanheryoungersister.她不比她妹妹高。CollocationNoteInthissentence,wecomeacrossacollocationacademicenvironments.Thewordacademicisaveryactiveword.Wecanalsosayacademiccommunity,academicsetting,academicmisconduct,etc.Undoubtedly,moderntechnologyfacilitatesthemeansandopportunitiestocheat.(Para.2)Meaning:Certainly,moderntechnologyprovidesstudentswithmoreconvenientwaysandchancetocheat.★facilitate:vt.(fml.)makeiteasierforaprocessoractivitytohappen促進；使便禾UThedevelopmentoftheInternetgreatlyfacilitatespeople'scommunication.互聯網的發展大大方便了人們之間的交流。★means:n.[C](pl.means)awayofdoingorachievingsth.手段；方法；工具Themoveisameanstofightcrime.這個行動是打擊犯罪的一個手段。Thedemandingtaskofwritingtermpapershasalwaysbeenasourceoftensenervesandfrustration,ifnottheultimatehomeworknightmare.(Para.2)Meaning:Althoughthedifficulttaskofwritingtermpapersmaynotbethemostterriblehomework,itissochallengingthatithasbeenmakingstudentsfeelveryworried,annoyed,upset,andimpatient.--WORD#式--WORD#式-可編輯WOR隔式--WOR隔式-可編輯-★nerve:n.(~s)[pl.]aworriedfeelingthatmakesyouafraidthatyouwillnotbeabletodosth.well精神緊張；焦慮不安；神經質Calmyourtensenervesbydeepbreathing,notbyhavinganotherdrink.用深呼吸來緩解你的緊張不安，而不是再繼續喝酒。[C]神經frustrate:vt.makesb.feelannoyedandimpatientbypreventingthemfromdoingorgettingsth.阻撓；使煩惱；使灰心Ifyougiveachildamathproblemthatishardtosolve,youmayfrustratehim.如果你讓一個孩子做太難的數學題，你會使他氣餒的。frustration:n.[C,U]thefeelingofbeingannoyed,upset,orimpatient,becauseyoucannotcontrolorchangeasituation,orachievesth.懊喪；懊惱；沮喪Iwasclosetotearswithfrustration,butIheldback.我沮喪得快要哭生來，但我忍住了。ultimate:a.(onlybeforenoun)better,bigger,worse,etc.thanallotherthingsorpeopleofthesamekind最由色的；最大的；最糟糕的Inthewar,hegavehislifeandtherebypaidtheultimateprice.他在戰爭中犧牲了，因此付由了最大的代價。sb.'sultimateaimistheirmainandmostimportantaim,thattheyhopetoachieveinthefuture(目標等)最終的，首要的Hisultimategoalatthemomentistogoandstudyoutofthecountry.現在他的首要目標是去國外讀書。happeningattheendofaprocessoractivity最終的；最后的Theultimateoutcomeoftheexperimentcannotbepredicted.實驗的最后結果無法預測。UsageNoteInthissentencetheconjunctionifhasaspecialusage.Itisusedwhenyouareaddingthatsomethingmaybeevenmore,less,better,worse,etc.thanyou

havejustsaid.Forexample:Thesnowissodeep,makingitdifficult,ifnoimpossible,togetthecaroutofthegarage.雪很厚，要把車從車庫里開由來雖說不是不可能，但是很困難。Butnow,withInternetaccess,illegalresourcesarejustafewlinksaway.(Pare.2)byclickingonaMeaning:Butnow,withtheuseoftheInternet,onecanobtainunlawfulresourcesjustwebsite.byclickingonatoselltobaccoto★illegal:a.notallowedbythelaw違法的toselltobaccotoInsomecountries,itis川egalsomeoneunder16.在有些國家，由于煙草給16歲以下者是違法的。Modernstudentswhowanttofakeatermpaperdon'thavetobrowselong.(Para.3)Meaning:Nowadays,studentsdon'tneedtospendalongtimeastealing"onlinepapersandideastobeusedintheirowntermpaper.★fake:vt.makesth.seemrealinordertodeceivepeople偽造；仿造Thecriminalfakedanidentitycardtoavoidinvestigation,buthewascaughteventually.這名罪犯偽造了一個假身份證來逃避調查，但他最終還是被抓住了。n.[C]acopyofavaluableobject,painting,etc.thatisintendedtodeceivepeople鷹品；假貨Thepaintingheboughtonlinewasprovedtobeafake.他在網上買的這幅畫被證實是鷹品。a.（usu.beforenoun）madetolooklikearealmaterialorobjectinordertodeceivepeople偽造的；冒充的Thebankusesspecialmachinestodetectfakemoney.銀行用特殊的機器來識別假鈔。★browse:v.searchforinformationonacomputerorontheInternet（在計算機或因特網上）瀏覽（信息）StudentsbrowsedtheInternetforinformationontheassignedtopic.學生們瀏覽互聯網以查找與作用題目相關的信息。lookatthegoodsinashopwithoutwantingtobuyanyparticularthing(在商店里)隨便看看ThetouristsweregivenenoughtimetobrowsearoundthefashionshopsinParis.給游客們留生了足夠的時間在巴黎逛時裝店。vi.lookthroughthepagesofabook,magazine,etc.withoutaparticularpurpose,justlookingatthemostinterestingparts.隨意翻閱；瀏覽OnweekendsMikelikestobrowsethroughmagazinesinthelibrary.周末麥克喜歡在圖書館里瀏覽雜志。Theyonlyhavetolocatetheappropriatewebsite,purchaseororderonlinepapers,orevendownloadthemforfree.(Para.3)Meaning:Theyonlyneedtofindtherightwebsite,buyororderpapersfromit,orevendownloadthemwithoutpayinganymoney.★locate:vt.findtheexactpositionofsth.我由…的準確位置X-raysareusedtolocatebreaksinbonesandtotreatcertaindiseases.X光可以用來確定骨折的位置，并用于治療某些疾病。(be~edin/near,etc.sth.)beinaparticularpositionorplace位于某處/位于某處附近等Theshoppingcenterislocatedneartherailwaystation.這個購物中心位于火車站附近。appropriate:a.correctorsuitableforaparticulartime,situation,orpurpose恰當的；合適的Sometimesagesturethatisappropriateinonecultureisinsultinginanother.有時候一種文化中得體的手勢在另一種文化中卻被認為具有侮辱性。Busy,cost-consciousstudentswillfindother“low-priced"termpapersonwebsitesthatpromiseconsumers“Youwillbehappyandsuccessful”(Para.3)Meaning:Studentswhoarebusyandareconcernedaboutsavingmoneywillfindothertermpaperswithlowpricesonthewebsiteswhichpromisebuyers“Youwillbehappyandsuccessful”.★conscious:a.thinkingalotaboutorconcernedaboutsth.關注的；有意識的；注重Shewasveryconsciousofsecurity.她非常注重安全。NoteConsciousinthissenseisalsoasuffix（-conscious）,usedwithsomenounsandadverbstomakeadjectivesdescribingapersonororganizationthatgivesalotofattentiontoaparticularsubjectorthing,forexample,fashion-conscious（有時尚意識的）,age-conscious（有年齡意識的）,environmentally-conscious（有環保意識的）,socially-conscious（有社會意識的）.（notbeforenoun）noticingorrealizingsth.注意至U的;意識到的Whetherweareconsciousofitornot,ourbodylanguagetellswhatwereallyfeel.不管我們是否意識到了這一點，我們的肢體語言傳達了我們的真正感受awakeandabletounderstandwhatishappeningaroundyou清醒的；有知覺的；神志清醒的WhenIfirstwokeupandbecameconsciousagain,Ididn'trememberanythingabouttheaccident.當我剛醒過來，恢復意識的時候，我一點也不記得那場事故了。SomepeopleworrythattheInternet,oncehailedastheultimatelearningtool,couldbecomethebestaidyetforcheating.(Para.3)Meaning:SomepeopleareworriedthattheInternet,whichwasoncedescribedasthebestlearningtool,couldbecomethemosteffectivemeansofcheating.★thebest/biggest/worst,etc.(sth.)yet:usedtosaythatsth.isthebest,biggest,worst,etc.ofitskindthathasexisteduptonow迄今為止最好/最大/最糟糕的(某物)等Thiscouldturnouttobeourbiggestmistakeyet.這也許會是我們至今為止犯下的最大錯誤。Tocopewiththegrowingplagueofcheating,universitiesaroundtheworldnowuseanti-plagiarismsoftwareandhaveverystrictcheatingandplagiarismpolicies.（Para.4）Meaning:Todealwiththeincreasingcasesofcheating,universitiesaroundtheworldnowusecomputerprogramsthatcandetectifastudenthascopiedotherpeople'sworkorideaswithoutgivingcredittotheoriginalauthor;andtheyalsohaveverystrictpoliciestodealwithcheatingandcopying.cope:vi.Succeedindealingwithadifficultproblemorsituation（成功地）應付，對付ShecopedverywellasaCEOwhilestilltakingcareofher3-year-olddaughter.她既當首席執行官，又要照顧3歲的女兒，兩樣她都干得非常好。copewith:dealsuccessfullywithsth.difficult（成功地）對付，處理Tomydelight,hewasabletocopewiththestressofhisstudy.令我高興的是，他能夠應對學習上的壓力。plague:n.[sing]sth.thatisverycommonandharmful普遍的禍害Haveyounoticedtheplagueofviolenceinthatcountry?你注意到那個國家普遍存在的暴力危害嗎？plagiarism:n.[U]whensb.usesanotherperson'swords,ideas,orworkandpretendstheyaretheirown剽竊；抄襲MorethanhalfoftheteachersinthesurveysaidtheythoughtplagiarismfromtheInternetwasaseriousoffense.在這項調查中，超過半數的老師認為剽竊網上的資源是嚴重的侵權行為。Ifstudentsarecaughtplagiarizingorcheatinginanyway,theywillbeimmediatelyexpelledfromschool.(Para.4)Meaning:Ifstudentsarefoundcopyingotherpeople'sworkorcheatinginanyway,theywillatoncebeforcedtoleaveschoolpermanently.★plagiarize:v.takewordsorideasfromanotherperson'sworkandusetheminyourwork,withoutstatingthattheyarenotyourown票“竊；抄襲Heplagiarizedmostofthebook.Nowhemustsuffertheconsequencesforhisdishonesty.他票“竊了HE本書里的大部分內容。現在他必須為自己的不誠實承擔后果。Somecollegefacultydecidedtodomorethantalkaboutrisingstudentcheating.(Para.4)Meaning:Somecollegefacultydecidedtotakeactiontodealwithincreasingstudentcheatinginsteadofjusttalkingaboutit.Professorsatamajoruniversitylaunchedacampaigntotrytoeliminateoneformofcheating.(Para.4)Meaning:Professorsatabiguniversitystartedamovementtotrytogetridofonekindofcheating.★launch:vt.startsth.,usu.sth.bigorimportant發動；發起；開始進行Thecompanydecidedtolaunchanewadvertisementcampaigntoincreasethesales.公司決定開展新的廣告宣傳活動來提高銷售額。makeanewproduct,book,etc.availableforsaleforthefirsttime把（新產品、新書等）投放市場；曲版；發行ThecompanyannounceditwilllaunchanewversionofitssoftwareinJanuary.該公司宣布將在1月份將其新版軟件投放市場。sendaweaponorspacecraftintotheskyorintospace發射（武器或宇宙飛船）Wehavesucceededinlaunchingseveralcommunicationssatellites.我們已經成功發射了幾顆通信衛星。★campaign:n.[C]aseriesofactionsintendedtoachieveaparticularresultrelatingtopoliticsorbusiness,orasocialimprovement運動；（宣傳）活動Thecommunityhasstartedacampaignagainstsmokinginpublic.該社區開展了一項禁止在公共場所吸煙的活動。aseriesofbattles,attacks,endedtoachieve戰役aparticularresultinawar戰役Thisvictorywastheturningpointofthecampaign.這場勝利是整個戰役的轉折點。★eliminate:vt.getridofsth.thatisnotwantedorneeded消除；剔除；根除Wearetakingallmeasureswithinourpowertoeliminateviolence.我們正在采取我們力所能及的一切措施來消除暴力。(usu.passive)removesb.fromacompetitionorelection(在比賽或競爭中)淘汰Iwaseliminatedfromthe400metersinthesemifinal.我在400米半決賽中被淘汰。CollocationNoteHerearesomeveryusefulcollocationpairs:Universitiesaroundtheworldlaunchacampaigntoeliminatecheating(Para.4).Thosewhofaketermpapers(Para.3)willbefacedwithcriminalcharges(Para.1).Formorecolorfulcollocationpairs,pleaserefertotheteachersnotesfortheCollocationsectioninthisunit.As409studentsfiledoutoftheirIntroductiontoPsychologyexam,theyfoundallbuttooneexitblocked.(Para.4)Meaning:As409studentswalkedinalineoutoftheclassroomaftertheytooktheirIntroductiontoPsychologyexam,theyfoundonlyoneexitwasopenwhilealltheotherexitswereblocked.★file:vi.(~into/across/past,etc.)ifpeoplefilesomewhere,theywalkthereinaline排成縱隊行進；魚貫而行Webegantofileoutofthecinemaafterthefilmwasover.電影結束后，我們依次走由電影院。★allbut:everythingoreveryoneexceptsth.orsb.除…外全部Allbutoneofthepassengerswerekilledintheaccident.除了一個乘客外，其他人都在這起事故中喪生。TestmonitorsaskedeachstudenttoproduceanIDcardwithanattachedphoto.(Para.4)Meaning:ThosewhocametocheckandobservethetestaskedeachstudenttoshowanIDcardwithaphotoonit.monitor:n.[C]sb.whosejobistowatchanactivityorasituationtoseehowitchangeordevelops,ortomakesurethatitisfairandlegal監督員；核查員UNmonitorswillremaininthecountrytosupervisetheelections.聯合國檢查員將留在該國監督選舉。produce:vt.ifyouproduceanobject,youbringitoutorpresentit,sothatpeoplecanseeorconsiderit由示；拿由Theywereunabletoproduceanystatisticstoprovetheirclaims.他們拿不由任何統計數據來證明他們的說法。★attach:vt.fastenorconnectoneobjecttoanother系；綁；貼；固定；連接；附上I'llattachacopyofthedocumentforyourreference.我會附上一份文件供你參考。attached:a.joinedorfixedtosth.連接的；附力口的Toapplyforthisposition,pleasecompletethe--WORD#式--WORD#式-可編輯WOR隔式--WOR隔式-可編輯-attachedform.要申請這個職位，請填寫附帶的表格。attachedform.IftheyprovidedasatisfactoryID,theywerefine.IftheyhadlefttheirIDathome,theofficialsconfrontedthemandtooktheirpicture.(Para.4)Meaning:IftheyprovidedanacceptableID,therewouldbenoproblem.IftheyhadlefttheirIDathome,theofficialsstoppedthemandquestionedthem,andthentooktheirphoto.satisfactory:a.goodenoughtobeacceptedinaparticularsituation令人滿意的Theresultsoftheoperationwerequitesatisfactory;boththepatientandhisfamilywerehappy.手術結果令人十分滿意，病人和家屬都很高興。confront:vt.accusesb.ofdoingsth.,esp.byshowingthemtheproof對質；當面對證Iconfrontedhimwithmysuspicions,andheadmittedeverything.我當面向他提由自己的懷疑，他承認了一切。facesb.sothattheycannotavoidseeingandhearingyou,eap.inanunfriendlyordangeroussituation面對；對抗；與(某人)對峙Openingthedoor,hefoundhimselfconfrontedbyadozenpolicemenwithguns.當他打開門時，他發現十幾名警察正拿著槍對著他。dealwithadifficultsituation正視；處理；面對Theteacherishelpingthestudentsconfronttheirproblemsinthecourseofstudy.老師正在幫學生解決他們在學習過程中所遇到的問題。Thepurposeofthecampaignwastorevealhiredcheaters,studentswhotaketestsforotherstudents.(Para.4)Meaning:Thepurposeofthemovementwastouncoverthosestudentswhowerehiredtotaketestsforotherstudents.★reveal:vt.makeknownsth.thatwaspreviouslysecretorunknown揭示；揭露；透露Manywomendonotwanttorevealtheirtrueagein

frontofothers.很多女性不愿意在別人面前透露自己的真實年齡。Themajorityofstudentsattheuniversityapplaudedthenewstrategy.(Para.4)Meaning:Mostofthestudentsattheuniversitywereinfavorofthenewstrategy.★applaud:vt.(fml.)expressstrongapprovalofanidea,plan,etc.稱贊；贊許Weallapplaudtheauthority'sdecisiontomovethechemicalfactorytothesuburbs.我們都贊同當局把化工廠搬到郊區的決定。v.hityouropenhandstogether,toshowthatyouhaveenjoyedaplay,concert,speaker,etc.(為,…)豉掌27.WithawarenessThepresidentwasapplaudedrepeatedlyduringhis40-minutespeech.在總統40分鐘的演講過程中掌聲不斷。27.Withawarenessofincreasingdishonestyintodayssociety,itssometimesimpliedthatin“thegoodolddays"peoplewerebetter,happier,andmorehonest.(Para.5)Meaning:Noticingmoreandmoredishonestdeedsintoday'ssociety,peoplesometimessuggestthatinthegoodtimesofthepastpeoplewerebetter,happier,andmorehonest.awareness:n.[C]knowledgeorunderstandingofaparticularsubjectorsituation認識；意識Environmentalawarenesshasincreasedovertheyears.這些年來，人們的環境意識增強了。imply:vt.suggestthatsth.istrue,withoutsayingthisdirectly暗示；暗指Ifyouknowhimalot,youmayfigureoutthemeaningheimpliedinhisstatement.如果你很了解他的話，你就會聽由他話中隱含的意思。thegoodolddays:anearliertimeinyourlife,orinhistory,whenthingsseemedbetterthannow過去的好日子Peoplefrequentlysaytheymissthegoodolddays,forthenpeopleweremorehonest.人們經常說他們懷念過去的好時光，因為那時候人們更誠實些。Longago,allAmericanschoolchildrenknewthehistoricalstoryofhowAbrahamLincolnwalkedfivemilestoreturnapennyhehadoverchargedacustomer.(Pare.5)Meaningbeyondwords:Accordingtohistoricalrecords,AbrahamLincolnwalkedfivemilestoreturnapennyhehadoverchargedacustomer.Thestorywithitsmoralvirtuehasbeenpassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Theauthorusesthisstorytoshowwhatheistoconveyinthisarticle.★overcharge:v.chargesb.toomuchmoneyforsth.索以高價；對(某人)索價過高Generally,thisbagwasabout$40,butshepaid$100.Obviously,shewasovercharged.一般說來，這個包大約40美元，但她付了100美元。很顯然，她被索要了高價。It'thekindofstorythatwethinkofasmyth,butinthecaseofLincoln,thestoryistrue.(Para.5)Meaning:Wethinkofthiskindofstoryassomethinguntrue.ButthisstoryaboutLincolnistrue.LiketheLincolntale,everysocietyhasstoriesstressingtheabsolutevalueofhonesty.(Para.6)Meaning:LiketheLincolnstory,everysocietyhasstoriesthatemphasizethetruevalueofhonesty.★absolute:a.true,correct,andnotchanginginanysituation絕對的；不會改變的Youhaveabsoluterighttorefusetocommentonthisissue.你有拒絕對此事發表看法的絕對權力。completeortotal完全的；純粹的Ihaveabsoluteconfidenceinmyself,forI'vebeenworkingreallyhard.我對自己完全有信心，因為我一直非常努力。(onlybeforenoun)(esp.BreE)usedtoemphasizeyouropinionaboutsth.orsb.十足的；絕對的Howdidyoudothat?Youareanabsolutegenius!是怎么做到的？你簡直就是個天才。Itisthesestoriesthatstudentsneedtorememberwhentemptationinducesthemtocheat.(Para.6)Meaning:Studentsneedtorememberthes