專轉本統一考試

大學英語（IV）.cnLecturer:JetTu

ReviewonPreviousLessons1.1從句1.2非謂語動詞1.3虛擬語氣1.4主謂一致1.5情態動詞1.6時態和語態1.7強調和倒裝1.8比較級

虛擬語氣SubjunctiveMood

英語有三種語氣：

1)陳述語氣;2)祈使語氣;3)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣定義：表示說話人的愿望、假設、猜測或建議,而不表示客觀存在的事實。它通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。

IfIdid...,Iwould...IfIwere...,Iwould...“假設”的情況與事實相反IfIhaddone...,Iwouldhavedone...虛擬語氣的用法1.非真實條件句

一、虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現在事實相反的假設與過去相反的假設與將來相反的假設If+主語+動詞的過去式（動詞be用were)主語+should,would,might,could＋動詞原形If+主語+had+過去分詞主語＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+wereto+動詞原形3、If+主語+should+動詞原形主語＋should,wouldmight,could＋動詞原形

IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.Ifitrained

/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.

IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhaverunghimup.虛擬語氣的用法1非真實條件句例句

邊講邊練虛擬語氣的用法1非真實條件句1.如果你(當初)學習用功點,這次考試你就合格了.Ifyou___________harder,you______________theexam.2.如果我現在知道他的電話號碼,我就可以打電話給他了。IfI__________histelephonenumbernow,I_______________himrightnow.

hadstudiedwouldhavepassed

knew

would/shouldcall

3.如果沒有虛擬語氣，英語就容易多了.

If_____________nosubjunctivemood,English_______________mucheasier.4.如果你當初采納我的建議,情況就會好些。

_________________________,thingswouldhavebeenbetter.虛擬語氣的用法1非真實條件句

therewerewould/couldbeIfyouhadtakenmyadvice

使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：１.當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為：錯綜時間條件句，動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你聽我的建議，你現在就會痊愈了．如果你努力學習的話，你現在就會是大學生了．

２．省略句

在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變為倒裝句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.

2.Iwish...虛擬語氣的用法

wish后面的賓語從句中,一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現的愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：表現在did/were表過去haddone表將來would,might,could＋動詞原形

IwishI______astallasyou.were

Iwish/wishedI____________somuchwatermelon.hadn’teaten

Iwishit_________tomorrow.would

rain

Iwish____________________________.(我長得更帥)Iwish____________________________.(對你能有些用處)3.Iwish____________________________.(你別再抽煙了)4.Iwish_______________________________________.(你對你父母更尊重些)5.Iwish____________________________.(我沒說過那些話)IweremorehandsomeIcouldbeofsomeusetoyouyouwouldn’tsmokeanymore

youwouldbemorerespectfultoyourparentsIhadn’tsaidthat邊講邊練虛擬語氣的用法2Iwish…

Iwish….虛擬語氣句子也可用Ifonly…!擴展知識一IfonlyIweremorehandsome!Ifonlyyouwouldn’tsmokeanymore!IfonlyIhadn’tsaidthat!

3....asif/asthough...好像，似乎虛擬語氣的用法表示夸張,與事實相反的情況

HetalkedaboutRomeasthough

he_________therehimself.hadbeen

Hespeaks

asifhewereanAmerican.2.Helooks

asifnothinghadhappened.3.Hetalksaboutthebookasifhehadwrittenit.表示夸張,與事實相反虛擬語氣的用法3asif/though例句

HetalkedaboutParis__________________(好像他去過一樣)3.Itseems____________________________.(仿佛現在已經是春天了)4.Hespoketome_______________________.(好像他是個專家似的)5.Itseems___________________________(好像要下雨似的)asifhehadbeenthere

asifitwerespringnow

asifhewereanexpert

asifitwouldrain虛擬語氣的用法3asif/though邊講邊練

Sentencetransformation:1.IamsorryIamnotlivingnearyourhouse.Iwish_____________________________.2.

Asheisinpoorhealth,hewon’tgoabroadwithus.Ifhe____________________________________.3.Theywerenotfamiliarwitheachother.Theytalkedlikeoldfriends.Thetwostrangerstalkedasif________________.Ididn’tpasstheexamination.HowIwish___________________________!

5.HehasneverbeentoEgypt,butheknowsalotaboutPyramids.HetalksaboutPyramids_________________Iwerelivingnearyourhouse

werenotinpoorhealth,hewouldn’tgoabroad.theywereoldfriendsIhadpassedtheexaminationMorePractice

asifhehadbeentoEgypt

4.Youshouldhavedone...你本來就應該…虛擬語氣的用法

四情態動詞+havedonecouldhavedone本來可以---mighthavedone本來可能---should/oughttohavedone本來應該做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不該做--

你本不應該告訴她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做---

比較：didn’tneedtodo沒必要做也沒有做---我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本來會去做----我沒有足夠的錢．否則我會買那本書的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.

5.Iinsist/suggestthatyou(should)do...虛擬語氣的用法

在動詞order,insist,intend,request,demand,desire(期望),suggest,advise,mend,propose等后面的賓語從句中，動詞形式一般用should+動詞原形，should可省略。這些從句通常表示建議、命令、要求、堅持的具體內容。這種賓語從句用虛擬結構，但并不表示與事實相反，只是語氣的需要。***在suggestion,advice,order,request等后的表語從句、同位語從句的謂語也用(should)+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式...that...(should)do...

常見動詞：一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire

這些詞的名詞性從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。

Sheinsisted(that)weshouldhavedinnerwithher.Hesuggested(that)suchathingshouldbepreventedfromhappeningagain.Theteacherdemands(that)nooneshouldbeintheclassroomduringsportstime.Hisadviceis(that)yourfathershoulddomoreexercisesinthemorning．5.Theofficergavetheorder(that)thebridgeshouldbedestroyedbeforedaylight6.Theirdemandis(that)theirwagesshould

beincreasedby20%.虛擬語氣的用法5…insistthat…should…例句

擴展知識二Compare:Hesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)notbeputoff.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.建議，提議暗示，表明3.Heinsistedthatwe(should)gorightnow.4.Heinsistedthathewasright.堅持…主張/要求堅持…事實

1.TomsuggestedthatAnn_____thehouse.A.notsellB.couldn’tsellC.nottosellD.wouldn’tsell2.Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient____upsmoking.A.wouldgiveB.giveC.givesD.gave3.Itisproposedthattheschoolsportsmeet____tillnextweekendbecauseoftherecentstorm.A.shouldbeputoffB.shouldputoffC.putoffD.wouldbeputoff虛擬語氣的用法5…insistthat…should…邊講邊練

6.Itisnecessary/importantthatsb.(should)do...虛擬語氣的用法

在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：should+動詞原形我們有必要出去散散步。

It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

2

她這樣做是很自然的。

It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

3

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.

A.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中從句用(should)+動詞原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.B.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中從句也常用(should)+動詞原型

It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.下面的主語從句中也往往使用虛擬語氣：

7.Itistimethat+過去時/should...虛擬語氣的用法

在“Itistime+that從句”的結構中,從句往往用虛擬語態,謂語動詞常常用過去式;(有時也會用should)It’stimethatyouwenttobed.It’shightimethathesettleddowninthecityandstartedanewlife.3.Itiselevenalready.Itistimewewenthome.*以下句型不是虛擬語氣句型:Itistime(forsb)todosth.Itistimeforsth./doingsth.Itisthefirsttimethat…虛擬語氣的用法7

其他的虛擬語氣句型1.在某些詞如without,otherwise句子也用虛擬語氣

1)Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.2)Johnwasverybusylastweek;otherwise,hewouldhaveattendedthemeeting.2.在wouldrather(寧愿)后的從句,也用虛擬語氣

1)

Iwouldrathershewerenotpresent.2)Iwouldratherhehadtoldmethetruth.3.在表示語氣委婉,客氣時,通常也用虛擬語氣:wouldliketodo…;Couldyou…?等等

useotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbutfortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionals

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.

(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)

Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)(Iftherewerenotair)(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)

6.某些簡單句的固定句型：

Heavenhelphim!

Godblessyou!

Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!

虛擬語氣

練習

Fillintheblankswithproperverbforms:Sheinsistedthathe___________(go)therethenextday.IwishI_________(be)young.IwishI__________(see)thefilmyesterday.Shespeaksasifshe___________(be)anAmerican.Iwouldratheryou_________(stay)athome.Itishightimewe_________(take)someactionstopreventpollution.Itisimportantthatyou____________(speak)Englisheveryday.Ifyouhadstudiedhard,you_________________(succeed).

shouldgo

were

hadseen

were

wouldstay

took

shouldspeak

wouldhavesucceeded

Ifit____________(rain)tomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.Hadyoustudiedhard,you_________________(pass)theexam.Theteacherproposedthatwe______________(go)camping.Withoutyourhelp,we________________(fail)yesterday.Ifitwerenotforyou,we___________________(notfinish)theworkaheadoftime.HowIwisheveryfamily_________________(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!Hisfacesuggestedthathe_______________(be)angry.Hesuggeststhatshe_________________(leave)Shanghaiatonce.

rained/shouldrain/weretorain

wouldhavepassed

shouldgo

wouldhavefailed

wouldnothavefinished

had/couldhave

was

shouldleave

Exercise“ImetTomandtoldhimaboutourplan.”“Iwouldratheryou____himaboutit.”A.hadn’ttoldB.nottotellC.didn’ttellD.nottohavetold2.Withouthisassistance,I____theresearchlastyear.A.mustnothavecompletedB.wouldnothavecompletedC.couldnotfinishD.shouldnotfinish3.Butforyourcoming,I____verylonelylastnight.A.wereB.shouldbeC.wouldbeD.shouldhavebeenABD

1Hesuggestedthatthemeeting

putoff.

A.notbe

B.shouldnot

C.wouldn’t

D.benot

2Itisstrangethathe

so.

A.thinks

B.think

C.thought

D.willthink

3IwishI

myuncleyesterday.

A.met

B.havemet

C.wouldmeet

D.hadmet

4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment

before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinished

Practice

5It’shightimehe

home.

A.goes

B.went

C.willgo

D.isgoingtogo6

yousucceedand

youbehealthy.

A.May…may

B.Wish…wish

C.Hope…hope

D.Should…may

7Galileoinsistedthattheearth

roundthesun.A.shouldmove

B.move

C.moves

D.AorB

8.IfonlyI

tomyparents’advice!

A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened9.---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?---I

,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.

A.did

B.would

C.had

D.wasgoingto10.I’dratheryou

methenews.

A.nottell

B.nottotell

C.didn’ttell

D.hadn’ttold

11.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe

toyourplan.

A.shouldn’tagree

B.wouldn’tagree

C.hadn’tagreedD.didn’tagree

12.LiLingactedthatwayasthoughhe

aforeigner.

A.were

B.hadbeen

C.shouldbe

D.is

Multiplechoice:1.Wedemandedthatwe__________ofanychangeintheplan.

A.informed

B.wouldbeinformed

C.beinformed

D.hadbeeninformed2.It’snecessarythathe_________arecognizedqualification.

A.has

B.have

C.had

D.having3.It'shightimewe____________ourattentiontothisproblem.

A.turned

B.turn

C.hadturned

D.wouldturn

4.Ifonlyyou__________himwhatIsaid!

Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.

A.didn'ttold

B.hadn'ttold

C.wouldnottell

D.wouldhavenottold5.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe____________herethen.

A.wouldhavebeen

B.hadbeenC.shouldhavebeen

D.couldbe6.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers_____________before.

A.hadinvented

B.wereinventedC.shouldhavebeeninventedD.hadbeeninvented

7._____________ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.

A.Weretheyto

B.Couldthey

C.Ifthey

D.Wouldthey8.Fiveminutesearlier,andwe____________thelastbus.

A.hadcaught

B.shouldhavecaught

C.couldhavecaught

D.caught9.You____________theclothes!Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortofthing.A.shouldn'thavewashedB.mustn'thavewashedC.cannothavewashed

D.needn'thavewashed

10.Jeandoesn'twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_________ajobsheprobablywouldn'tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.

A.hastoget

B.weretoget

C.hadgot

D.couldhavegot11.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_____________himself.

A.injure

B.hadinjured

C.injured

D.wouldinjure12.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios__________after11o'clockatnight.

A.werenotplayed

B.nottoplayC.notbeplayed

D.didnotplay

13.Youdon'thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou_________onbusinessfirst.

A.wouldgo

B.willgo

C.went

D.havegone14.Itisimportantthatenoughmoney___________tofundtheproject.

A.becollected

B.mustbecollected

C.wascollected

D.canbecollected15.Ifonlythecommittee__________theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

A.approve

B.willapprove

C.canapprove

D.wouldapprove

16.Idon'tthinkitadvisablethatTom________tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.

A.isassigned

B.willbeassigned

C.beassigned

D.hasbeenassigned17.You_________herinherofficelastFriday;she'sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.

A.needn'thaveseen

B.musthaveseen

C.mighthaveseen

D.can'thaveseen18.Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe_________him.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephoned

C.wouldtelephone

D.hadtelephoned

19.Itismendedthattheproject_________untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.

A.isnotstarted

B.willnotbestarted

C.notbestarte