英語聽力入門第二冊第五單元英語聽力入門第二冊第五單元英語聽力入門第二冊第五單元資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月英語聽力入門第二冊第五單元版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發布日期：Unit5ShapingandreshapingpersonalityPart1warmingupPartAKeywords:personalitysurveypersonality個性,人格,survey[s?:'vei]調查(收入,民意等)adetailedcriticalinspection；shortdescriptivesummary(ofevents)cf.inquiry,investigation,research,survey這些名詞均有“調查”之意。

inquiry:普通常用詞，指正式調查，也指一般的打聽或查詢。

investigation:一般指有系統的調查以得到希望發現或需要知道的事。

research:指科學工作者等為揭示自然規律或獲取某個領域的新知識而進行長時間的調查研究。

survey:多指為寫書面報告而進行的民意測驗或調查。aggressive好斗的,敢作敢為的,有闖勁的,侵略性的jealous妒忌的,猜疑的,警惕的,嫉妒的vocabularyaggressiveadj.侵略的，有進取心的，好斗的tendingtospreadquickly;havingorshowingdeterminationandenergeticpursuitofyourendsraisetheroof:vi.喧鬧(吵翻天，大聲抱怨)tocomplainloudlyandbitterly;getveryangryeg.Fatherwillraisetheroofwhenhehearwhatyouhavedo.父親要是知道你所做的事一定會大發雷霆。sortofadv.有幾分地;在某種程度上tosome(greatorsmall)extenteg.Thissortofbusinesscanonlybetransactedinprivate.這種事情只能私下處理。inthefollowingshortdialogue,amanistryingtohelpawomandoapersonalitysurvey.AggressiveSelfishKindPatientJealousExtremely√Very√√Sortof√Notvery√NotatallTAPASCRIPTW:Hey,Kevin.Helpmefilloutthispersonalitysurvey.It’llbefun.M:Oh,Idon’tknow…W:Oh,comeon…OK,here’sthefirstone–whatshouldIputfor“aggressive”

M:Uh-oh…I…I’dsay“very.”Ｗ：Very

Really?Ｍ：Yeah,sure.Lookatthewayyoudrive!Ｗ：Well,OK,soI’maveryaggressivedriver…but…youhavetodrivelikethatinthiscity,oryou’regonnabehit,because…Ｍ：Uh…what’sthenextone?

Ｗ：“Selfish.”M:Oh,notatall.W：Really

Well,…maybejustalittle…Imean,alotofpeopleare,rightJustalittlebit

Youknow,Imean,Itrytothinkofotherpeople,butsometimesIdojustthinkofmyself,Iguess.M:OK,OK,soput“notvery.”W：OK.M:Butyoucanput“extremely”forthenextone.W：WhatOh,“Kind”M:Yes.Don’tyouthinkyou’reaextremelykindperson?

W:Iam

OK,ifyousayso.Oh,lookatthisnextone.M:Oh,“patient”!W:Yeah.M:Hmm…Idon’tknow.Sometimesyoucanbereallypatient,butothertimesyou’renotpatientatall.Likerememberthattimeinlineatthesupermaketwhenyougot…W:OK,OK.Igetyourpoint.I’llput“sortof.”M:OK,that’sright.W:Nextone…“jealou.”IguessI’msortofjealous…M:SortofI’dput“very”.Rememberhowangryyougotwhenmyex-girlfriendcalledtheotherday

Ithoughtyou’regonnaraisetheroof…W:Allright,allright.“Very.”M:Oh,OK,what’sthenextone?

W:That’sall.M:That’sall?

W:Yeah,butnowit’syourturn.PartBKeywords:Identification:[ai.dentifi'kei??n]n.身份的證明，視為同一，證明同一，確認evidenceofidentity;somethingthatidentifiesapersonorthingNowlistentothreeconversations.CheckthetwoadjectivesthatbestdescribeGeorge,KarenandPam.GeorgeKarenPamAmbitious√Helpful√Honest√Proud√Selfish√Unreliable√TAPESCRIPTNumber1:GeorgeSowhatareyougoingtodoafteryougraduate,George?

I’mgoingtostartmyownbusiness.Oh,really

Whattypeofbusiness?Well,Ihaven’tdecidedyet,butIknowI’llbesuccessfulinanythingIdo.Infact,I’mgoingtobeoneofthetopbusinesspeopleintowninlessthanfiveyears.Justwaitandsee!Ihaveeverythingittakes–I’msmart,Icanorganizepeople,andI’mfullofideasthatcanmakemoney.Number2:KarenHey!Lookatthiswalletonthesidewalk.Wow!There’slotsofmoneyinit…butnoidentification.Mmm…IwonderhowIcanfindtheowner

IguessI’lltakeittothepolicestationandseeifanyone’sreportedalostwallet.Number3:PamWhatareyoudoingtonight,Pam?

Well,IwassupposedtomeetBillafterworkforamovie,butIdon’tfeellikegoing.IthinkI’llgoshoppinginstead.Won’tBillgetmad?

Oh,I’msurehecanfindsomethingelsetodo.Oh?

Besides,Ireallyneedsomenewclothes.Ihaven’tboughtanyfornearlyamonth!Huh!PartCKeywords:Ameanstoanend達到目的的方法Compensate['k?mpenseit]償還,補償,付報酬makeamendsfor;paycompensationforeg.Managementcompensatedusforthetimeweworked.資方補償我們工作時間的報酬。Routine例行公事,常規,日常事務,程序aroutinecheckofpassports.檢查護照的慣例Habitual;regular:習慣性的；常規的：madehisroutinetriptothestore.照常去商店Havingnospecialquality;ordinary:平凡的：沒有特征的；普通的：aroutineday.平淡的一天Role角色,任務Peoplefromdifferentwalksoflifehavedifferentattitudestowardswhatroleworkplaysintheirlives.Interview1Mr.FisherAccountantMeanstoanend/familyman/enoughmoney/happyWorktoliveInterview2MissBurnesSchoolteacherEnjoywhateverdo(evenifsalarylow)/workmostimportant/mentalsatisfaction/roleinsocietyLivetoworkTapesript:I–interviewerF–MrFisherB–MissBurnesI:mr.Fisher,youareasaccountantandearnagoodenoughsalarytoenableyoutolivecomfortably.Whatdoesworkmeantoyou?F:Iregarditasameanstoanend.BasicallyI’mafamilyman,andaslongasIhaveajobwhichenablesmetoearnenoughmoneytolivewell,I’mhappy.IfindacomfortablelifecompensatesforthefactthatIhavearoutinelifeandthreeweeksholidayperyear.IsupposeyoucouldsayIworktolive.I:MissBurnes,asaschoolteacherinaworkingclassareaofLondon,howdoyoufeelaboutMr.Fisher’sattitudetowardshiswork?

B:Personally,Icouldn’tworktolive.ImustenjoywhateverIdo–evenifthesalaryislow–otherwiseIfeelitisn’tworthdoing.I:Inotherwords,MissBurnesworkplaysoneofthemostimportantrolesinyourlife?

B:Definitely!ItgivesmethementalsatisfactionIneedandaroleinsociety.CountrytoMrFisher,IcansayIlivetowork.Part2Self-esteemKeywords:self-esteem[.selfis'ti:m]自尊,,自尊心thequalityofbeingworthyofesteemorrespect同義詞：dignity,self-respect,self-regard,self-worthVocabulary:harshadj.粗糙的，使人不舒服的，刺耳的，嚴厲的，大約的oftexturesthatareroughtothetouchorsubstancesconsistingofrelativelylargeparticles；disagreeabletothesenses；unpleasantlysternharshweather令人難受的天氣aharshpunishment嚴厲的懲罰rough,coarse,harsh,rude,crude這些形容詞均有“粗糙”之意。

rough:普通用詞，指某物表面凹凸不平，天氣惡劣，（態度）粗暴，（計算)粗略。

coarse:指某物質地低劣或編織、加工等不精細。也指(言談)粗俗。

harsh:指外表、性質、聲音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，強調使人不愉快感。

rude:指加工粗糙、不精細。尤指行為舉止粗魯無禮，缺乏修養。

crude:主要指未經加工處理尚處于自然狀態的物質；食物或水果的不熟。democratic[.dem?'kr?tik]民主的,民主主義的,民主政體的,characterizedbyoradvocatingorbasedupontheprinciplesofdemocracyorsocialequality-GeorgeduMaurier；representingorappealingtooradaptedforthebenefitofthepeopleatlargeleadin引導入內theintroductorysectionofastorySubject:youngboysProcedure:testing(what)measuretheboys’abilitiesandhowtheyfeltabouttheirownabilitiesdividing(how)threegroups–thosewithhighself-esteem/middleself-esteem/low-esteemfollowing-upstudy(whereandwhen)inallsituations–athome/atwork/inschool/withfriendsobservations:thebehavioroftheboysboyswithhighself-esteem:active/abletoexpressideas/successfulinschoolandinrelationswithotherpeople/creative/ledindiscussions/interestedinworldproblems/seldomtiredorsickboyswithmiddleself-esteem:liketheboyswithhighself-esteem/expressideasfreely/sawtheworldasagoodandhappyplace/notsureoftheirownvalueboyswithlowself-esteem:sadmosttime/afraidtostartactivities/feltnolove/couldn’texpressideas/afraidofanger/notalkindiscussionFindings:physicalappearance/money/sizeoffamily/howmuchthemotherathomecloserelationshipbetweentheboysandtheparentsTAPESCRIPTScientistshavelearnedagreatdealaboutthepartsofbrainandtheirfunctions.Theyhavealsostudiedthedevelopmentofthepersonality,forexample,howababylearnstolove.InrecentstudiesoftwouniversitiesintheUnitedStates,scientistshaveinvestigatedthedevelopmentofself-esteem.Self-esteemistherespectapersonhasforhimself,hisbeliefinhisabilityandinthevalueofwhathedoes.Thescientistsstudiedself-esteeminyoungboys.Theygavethemmanytests.Thesetestsmeasuredtheboys’abilitiesandalsohowtheyfeltabouttheirownabilities.Afterthetests,theboysweredividedintothreegroups–thosewithhighself-esteem,thosewithmiddleself-esteemandthosewithlowself-esteem.Thescientistscontinuedtostudytheboysinallsituations.Theystudiedthemathome,atwork,inschool,andwiththeirfriends.Fromtheirstudies,thescientistmadesomeobservations.Boyswithhighself-esteemwereactive.Theywereabletoexpresstheirideas.Theyweresuccessfulinschoolandintheirrelationswithotherpeople.Indiscussions,theyled.Theydidn’tjustlisten.Theywereinterestedinworldproblems.Theywerecreativeandbelievedthattheycouldfinishwhatevertheystarted.Theyseldombecametiredandsick.Inmanyways,theboyswithmiddleself-esteemwereliketheboyswithhighself-esteem.Theytooexpressedtheirideasfreelyandsawtheworldasagoodandhappyplace.However,theywerenotsureoftheirownvalueaspeople.Theydidtheirbestworkwhentheyweresurethatotherpeoplelikedthem.Theyboyswithlowsel-esteemweredifferentfromtheothertwogroups.Theyweresadmostofthetime.Theywereafraidtostartactivities.Theyfeltthatnoonelovedthem.Theycouldnotexpresstheirideas.Theywereafraidofanger.Inadiscussion,theylistened,buttheydidn’ttalk.Thescientistsasked,“Howdosomeboysdevelophighself-esteem?”“Whatisdifferentintheirlives?”Someoftheanswersweresurprising.Highself-esteemdidnotdependuponphysicalappearance,ormoney,orsizeoffamily.Itdidnotdependuponhowmuchthemotherwasathome.Thescientistsfoundthattherewasaclosenessbetweentheboyswithhighself-esteemandtheirparents.Theirparentsshowedrealinterestsinthem,andspenttimewiththem.Theylistenedtotheirsonsandgavethemhelpwhentheboysaskedforit.Theyknewtheirsons’friends.Thesonsknewthattheywereimportanttotheirparents.Theseparentsdemandedgoodbehavior.Theymadedefiniterules.Theywerestrict,butnotharsh.Theycorrectedtheirsons’behaviorbyrewards,notbypunishment.Theynevertookawaytheirlove.Ontheotherhand,theparentsofboyswithlowself-esteemlettheirsonsdoalmostanything.Ifaboymadeamistake,theparentspunishedhimharshly.Theboysbelievedthattheirparentsdidn’tlovethem.Therewerenodefiniterules.Thefamilylifeoftheboyswithhighself-esteemwasdemocratic.Theparentsmaderules,buttheyledinakindandthoughtfulway.Theyshowedrespectfortheirchildren’sideas,evenwhentheydidnotagreewiththem.Theylettheboysgivetheiropinionsindiscussionsoffamilyplans.Theseboyswereproductivecitizens.Nowthesescientistsarestudyingothergroupsofchildren.Theywanttolearnhowtohelpchildrenwithlowself-esteemfeelbetteraboutthemselves.Inthisway,thesechildrencanbecomeproductivecitizenstoo. Part3BalancingworkandfamilyKeywords:Compromise:['k?mpr?maiz]和解，互讓了事,妥協，退讓makeacompromise;arriveatacompromise;settlebyconcessioncompromisewithaperson與人和解;Wecannotcompromiseonsuchterms.我們不能根據這樣的條件和解。Iwouldratherdiethancompromise.我寧死不妥協。PartABalancingworkandfamilyisanissueeveryoneisstrugglingwith.Butwhatisthesolutiontoit?

figuresRelevantinformation81%78%87%100%PartBNowlistentothewholereport.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.Whoisresponsibleforhelpingtheemployeesbalanceworkandfamily?theemployees&thecompanywhatpoliciesdosomecompanieshavethatworkingpart-timetwoworkerssharingonejobsettingthehoursanddaystheyworkworkingfromhomebyusingcomputerswhatspecialskillsdoAmericansmakingthebestuseofpersonalandfamilytimebuildingtrustingrelationshipsatworkaskingsupervisorsandfamilymembersforhelplearningtomakecompromisesintheirlivesTAESCRIPTMANYworkingparentsinAmericafindithardtomeetthedemandsoftheirjobsandtheirfamilies.Theyarefacedwithdifferentchoicesabouthowmuchtimetospendatworkandathome.Theissueofbalancingworkandfamilyaffectsemployeesatalllevels.Itespeciallyaffectswomenandsingleparents.TheFamilyandWorkinstitutestudiedthequestionofwhodoesmostoftheworkinthehomewhenbothparentshavejobs.Itfoundthatworkingwomenstilldomostofthehousework.Forexample,workingwomendo81percentofthecooking.Theydo78percentofthecleaning.Andwomendo87percentofthebuyingoffoodandotherproductsforthehome.Thesituationisevenharderforthegrowingnumberofsinglemothers.Theyoftendo100percentofthosejobsathomeina