國家高等職業教育輪機工程技術專業教學資源庫實訓教材輪機英語聽力與會話訓練主編：陳蓓副主編：林紅孫增軍大連海事大學出版社

目錄TOC\o"1-4"\h\z\u教材使用說明 2第一章公共用語 4第二章機艙日常業務 13第一節主機系統 13第二節甲板機械的維護與管理 24第三節防污染設備 29第四節其它輔助設備 35第三章與駕駛臺聯系 40第四章應急情況下的用語 51第五章對外業務聯系 59第一節加油的用語 59第二節修船、監造和交接船的用語 68第三節機損報告、機損檢查與各項檢驗 76第四節物料和備件 79第六章PSC/ISM檢查用語 84第一節PSC一般檢查 84第二節PSC詳細檢查 92第三節ISM檢查用語 101附錄聽力原文及會話參考答案109參考文獻 176

教材使用說明一、訓練目的通過培訓，使學習者能夠熟練掌握日常生活用語、機艙設備日常管理及維修保養用語、備件物料供應和技術參數等交流用語、對外業務聯系交流用語、國際公約與法規的標準英語用語以及船舶檢驗審核和PSC檢查等相關用語，能夠聽懂并理解船舶二三管輪在遠洋船舶上的相關生活和工作用語，并能夠對在履行工作職責、對外業務聯系、應對各種檢驗檢查和應急情況等方面進行有效地溝通和交流，從而達到中華人民共和國海事局《海船船員適任考試與評估大綱》對船員實操和實做技能要求，滿足《STCW公約（馬尼拉修正案）》等的相關要求。二、章節劃分與學時分配：章節內容學時分配第一章公共用語4第二章機艙日常業務16第一節主機系統4第二節甲板機械的維護與管理4第三節防污染設備4第四節其它輔助設備4第三章與駕駛臺聯系4第四章應急情況下的用語4第五章對外業務聯系16第一節加油的用語4第二節修船、監造和交接船的用語4第三節機損報告、機損檢查與各項檢驗4第四節物料和備件4第六章PSC/ISM檢查用語12第一節PSC一般檢查4第二節PSC詳細檢查4第三節ISM檢查用語4學時總計26三、設備要求多媒體語音室或自主學習多媒體語音室。四、訓練指導與評估標準1.訓練指導以輪機英語聽力與會話評估題型為培訓練習題型，使學習者了解與輪機專業有關的聽說知識和技能，并通過練習提高專業英語的聽力與會話水平。以多媒體教學為主，充分利用各種視聽設備，加強聽說訓練，注重提高學生語言學習的主動性，做好教與學的配合，還要以職業能力培養為導向，精講多練，采用練中教、練中學，教、學、練結合，逐步形成理論講授與實踐訓練交替互動的教學模式。同時要促進聽說能力訓練與專業知識學習的有效兼容，不僅要提高學生的語言應用能力，還要讓學生能夠在實際語言運用的過程中有效結合專業知識，提高對專業英語的理解與表達。通過聽力培訓，使學生能夠辨別音形相似的詞，掌握辨別英語中失去爆破、連讀、弱讀等的技能和技巧。還要使學生能夠聽懂整體內容并理解其中的重要細節和關鍵性信息，捕捉細節性問題和綜合性問題，并能夠靈活運用專業知識來協助理解判斷。通過會話培訓，使學生掌握基本的朗讀技巧（如連續、失去爆破、弱讀、節奏等），能夠使用正確的語音語調朗讀專業英語資料，口齒清晰、發音正確、語言流利、通達意義，提高英語口頭表達能力；能夠就所給的專業題目和提示，正確理解題目要求，構思并完成100詞以上的口述，口述要緊扣主題、內容完整，英語表達基本準確，語言連貫、流暢、沒有過長的停頓，提高英語會話交流能力；能夠聽懂并準確理解基本專業知識的問題，回答切題，用詞恰當，發音準確，表達規范流暢，提高英語應答能力和應變能力。2.輪機英語聽力與會話評估標準輪機英語聽力與會話評估考試在計算機終端上進行，總時間60分鐘，單個題目的答題時間由考生自己掌握。輪機英語評估分為聽力和口語兩個部分，聽力評估為客觀題，滿分100分，60分及格；會話評估為主觀題，滿分100分，60分及格，全部及格才可通過本項評估。具體題型設置和分值如下：輪機英語聽力與會話評估參數表（適用對象：無限航區750kW及以上輪機二/三管輪）序號題型分值與題數視覺顯示方式備注1多媒體單句題3分×10題只顯示選項聽力錄音可以聽2遍2多媒體對話題3分×10題只顯示選項3多媒體短文題2.5分×4題×4篇顯示問題和選項4多媒體朗讀題20分×1題顯示題干5多媒體口述題20分×1題顯示題目和提示6多媒體問答題6分×10題不顯示問題錄音可以聽2遍

第一章公共用語一、訓練要求聽力理解要求：能夠聽懂并理解《STCW公約（馬尼拉修正案）》對無限航區750KW及以上船舶二/三管輪職務要求的與日常用語、船舶對外業務用語和船東面試用語有關的工作英語內容。能夠聽懂語速為每分鐘100-120詞的聽力交流內容，掌握中心大意，理解其中的重要事實、細節和關鍵性信息點。口語表述要求：能夠按照《STCW公約（馬尼拉修正案）》對無限航區750Kw及以上船舶二/三管輪職務的要求在日常用語、船舶對外業務用語和船東面試用語等方面進行有效地面對面地溝通和交流。發音基本準確，語言基本流暢，表意基本完整。二、實訓步驟PartI.Passage1Task1:Readaloudthepassage.“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”Theseamenhavetohavesomeleisureactivitiesinordertorelax.Somelargershipshavealltheluxurieslikeswimmingpools,gymnasiums,andsportsroom.Smallershipshaveonlytheofficer'slounge.Whenspaceislimited,indoorgameslikedarts,cards,areplayedintheofficer'slounge.Movies,videosarefreelyavailable.Books,magazinesarealsoavailable,usuallydonatedbySeamenMission.Seriousstudyforprofessionaladvancementlikecompetencyexamscanalsobedoneduringtheleisuretime.Evengamesliketabletenniscanbeplayed.Ifthereisnosportsroom,thetablemaybeplacedalongthealleywaysbetweenthecabins.Toplaytabletenniswhiletheshipisrollingisquiteanart.Notonlytheballmoves,butalsotheplayermovesbecauseoftheshipmovement.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whataretheluxuriessomelargershipsmayhave?2.Whatindoorgamescanbeplayedintheofficer'slounge?3.Whatarethethingsyoucandoduringtheleisuretimeonboardships?Passage2Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Theshippingtradecannotsurviveonlywiththehelpofships.Thismeansthatshipsneedsupportfromshorefacilitiessuchasports,shippingoffices,coastal,andgovernmentalauthoritiesandothertypesofshoresupport.（seeFig.1-1）Fig.1-1ShoresupportWithouttheinvolvementofshoresupport,itisnotpossibleforashiptoperformalltheoperationsonitsown.Theexchangeofinformationandtransparentcommunicationbetweenshipandshorebeforeorduringdifferentoperationsshouldbecarriedoutsothatthesafetyoftheoperationismaintainedatalltimes.Shipsareoftenincontactwiththefollowingshoredepartments:PortauthorityBunkersupplierShoreworkshopShorefirefightingdepartmentServiceprovidersforvetting,

cargohandling,etc.SecurityofficialsSurveyorsDrydockpersonalsOthershoresupportsItisveryimportanttomaintainaclearship-shorecommunication,foranygapincommunicationcanleadtoinefficientoperation,accidents,andevenpollution.Somebasicexamplesofship-shoreoperationsCargoloadingandunloadinginportBerthingandmooringoftheshipinportReceivingbunkerfromshoresupportArrangingandsettingsecuritylevelinshipwheninportArrangementofsurveywhenrequiredCommunicationwithdrydockpersonalswhenindockTask2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whydowesaytheshippingtradecannotsurviveonlywiththehelpofships?2.Whichshoredepartmentsshipsoftencontactwith?3.Listsomeexamplesofshipshoreoperations.Passage3Task1:Readaloudthepassage.ApersonwhowantstobeaMarineEngineermustbepreparedtospendalongperiodoftimeintraining.Normally,ayoungmanwillenrollinacollegewhichoffersacourseinMarineEngineeringaftercompleting“O”levels.ThecourseofferedbyMarineCollegesnormallyconsistsofaperiodofFullTimestudyandaperiodofIndustrialTraininginShipyardsandonboardShips.ThesubjectsusuallycoveredareThermodynamics,Mechanics,Materials,Control,Mathematics,Electrical,NavalArchitecture,MaritimeLaws,Workshopskills,EngineeringDrawing,etc.

Thecoursedurationmayvarywiththedifferentcolleges.Normally,therewillbe2yearsofclassroomstudy,followedbyfrom6monthsto1yearofpracticaltraining.Theremaybeanotheryearoffinalclassroomstudyafterthis.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whatcollegewillyouenrollifyouwanttobeamarineengineer?2.Whatsubjectsdoyouusuallylearninamarinecollege?3.Howlongdoyouusuallylearninamarinecollege?PartII.ListeningPracticeTask1:SentencelisteningDirections:Youaregoingtohear20sentences.Eachsentencewillbereadonlyonce.Listencarefullyandchoosethesentencethatistheclosestinmeaningtowhatyou’veheard.1.A.Alotofthingswillbedonewithinfourhours. B.Alotofthingswillbedonewithinthreehours. C.Alotofthingshavebeendoneonlastshift. D.Alotofthingswillbedoneonnextshift.2.A.Ihavejustphonedtheengineeronduty.B.IhavejustphonedtheFourthEngineer.C.Ihavejustphonedthedutymate.D.IhavejustphonedtheThirdOfficer.3.A.10litersoflubeoilwilladdedtothegravitytank.B.5litersoflubeoilwilladdedtothegravitytank.C.15litersoflubeoilwilladdedtothegravitytank.D.20litersoflubeoilwilladdedtothegravitytank.4.A.Ihaveworkedonageneralcargoship.B.Ihaveworkedonapassengership.C.Ihaveworkedonabulkcarrier.D.Ihaveworkedonacontainership.5. A.WeplantodepartfromHongKongat1415. B.WeareheadingforHongKong. C.HongKongisourlastportofcall. D.HongKongistheportofourdeparture.6.A.Iwanttoknowtheirnamesandwhattheydo.B.Iwanttoknowtheirnamesandwheretheyarefrom.C.Iwanttoknowtheirnationalitiesandjobs.D.Iwanttoknowtheirnationalitiesandmaritalstatus.7.A.Youhavehelpedmealot.B.Yourwordshelpmealot.C.Whatcanyoudotohelpme?D.WhatcanIdotohelpyou?8.A.TheEngineersareAmerican..B.TheEngineersareAustralian.C.TheEngineersareAfrican.D.TheEngineersareCanadian.9.A.Theshoesaretooexpensive.B.Theshoesarecheap.C.Thepriceisreasonable.D.Thepriceisacceptable.10.A.Thespeakeristalkingtoabankclerk.B.Thespeakeristalkingtoawaiter.C.ThespeakeristalkingtotheChiefEngineer.D.Thespeakeristalkingtoadoctor.11.A.Thespeakerwillusethewashingmachine.B.Thespeakerwillshowhowtousethemachine.C.Thestewardwillusethewashingmachine.D.Thestewardwillshowhowtousethemachine.12.A.Thegalleyisabovethestoreroom.B.Thegalleyistotherightofthestoreroom.C.Thegalleyisbesidethestoreroom.D.Thegalleyisbelowthestoreroom.13.A.PleasecancelitemNo.B14.B.PleasecancelitemNo.C14.C.PleasecancelitemNo.D14.D.PleasecancelitemNo.A14.14.A.Ihaveeverworkedonthegeneralcargoship.B.Ihaveeverworkedonthecontainership.C.Ihaveeverworkedonthebulkcarrier.D.TheshipthatIhaveeverworkedistheoiltanker.15.A.Itwillbedrainedoffat0630tomorrowB.Itwillbedrainedoffat0730tomorrow.C.Itwillbedrainedoffat1630tomorrowD.Itwillbedrainedoffat1730tomorrow16.A.Thesparepartshavebeenordered.B.Thesparepartshaven’tbeenordered.C.Thesparepartsorderedhavebeendeliveredonboard.D.Thesparepartsorderedhavebeendeliveredonboardintime.17.A.Weshallarrangeforovertimeworkthisnight.B.Weshallarrangeforsomeworknextnight.C.Weshallarrangeforovertimeworklastnight.D.Overtimeworkshallbearrangedfortomorrownight.18.A.Theyshouldbeassembledcarefully.B.Theyshouldbemeasuredcarefully.C.Theyshouldbeadjustedcarefully.D.Theyshouldbeassembledcarelessly.19.A.Youexplainforhimonthespotbeforethemeeting.B.Youexplainforhimonthespotafterthemeeting.C.Youexplainforhimthereafterthemeeting.D.Youexplainforhiminyourroomafterthemeeting.20.A.Youshouldphonetheofficerondutybeforeburningtheoilsludge.B.Youshouldphonetheofficerondutybeforedealingwithoilywater.C.Youshouldphonetheofficerondutybeforeburningthegarbage.D.Youshouldphonetheofficerondutybeforedealingwithsewage.Task2:ShortdialoguelisteningDirections:Youaregoingtohear19shortdialogues.Aftereachdialogue,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Eachdialoguewillbereadonlyonce.Listencarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1. A.Heisreadytoquitsmoking. B.Hefeelsdifficulttoquitsmoking. C.Hefeelseasytoquitsmoking. D.Heisn’treadytoquitsmoking.2. A.Thefirstspeakerhasbeenlate. B.Thefirstspeakerdoesn’tworryaboutbeinglate. C.Thesecondspeakerdoesn’tworryaboutbeinglate. D.Thesecondspeakerhasbeenlate.3. A.Thesecondspeakerislucky. B.Thefirstspeakerhasbeenpromoted. C.Thefirstspeakerislucky. D.Thesecondspeakerhasbeenpromoted.4. A.Himself. B.Mr.Chief. C.Mr.Smith. D.PSC.5. A.Becausethefirstspeakermakessomenecessariesforhim. B.Becausehecanarrangethefirstspeaker’ssecondengineer. C.Becausethefirstspeakerwilldohisarrangementhimself. D.Becausenecessaryarrangementsforworkhavebeenmade.6. A.C/E. B.2/E. C.3/E. D.4/E.7. A.Businessdepartment. B.Servicedepartment. C.Technicaldepartment. D.Personneldepartment.8. A.Unattendedmachineryspace. B.Unwatchedmachinerysystem. C.Unwatchedmanspace. D.Unattachedmachinerysystem.9. A.SOPOP. B.SOPPP. C.SOPEP. D.SEPOP.10. A.Stores. B.Food. C.Fueloil. D.Spareparts.11. A.L300000.B.L700000.C.A400000.D.A500000.12. A.Hehaslostsomemoney.B.Hehaslosthisway.C.Hedoesn'tlikethefood.D.Heishomesick.13. A.Examiningintheengineroom.B.Examiningthewholeship.C.Inspecteverywhere.D.Inspectnowhere.14. A.Self-introduction.B.ThesecondspeakerisTom.C.ThefirstspeakerisPeter.D.MynameisPeter.15. A.SuezCanal.B.PanamaCanal.C.PanamaCanalandSuezCD.America16. A.Promotion.B.Shopping.C.Study.D.Experience.17. A.Themeetingisover. B.We'veagreedtoholdameeting. C.Wehadahappytime. D.Wearegladabouttheagreement.18. A.Youcangetthereportinthreedays.B.Youcangetthereportinaweek.C.Ineedthreecopies.D.Iwanttwocopies.19. A.WatchingTV. B.Playingcards. C.Listeningtotheradio. D.Readingbooks.Task3:LongdialoguelisteningDirections:Youaregoingtohear4longdialogues.Aftereachdialogue,therewillbefourquestionsaboutwhatwassaid.Eachdialoguewillbereadonlyonce.Listencarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.Dialogue1Q1: A.Agent. B.Shipchandler.C.Pilot. D.PSCO.Q2: A.Engineroom. B.ChiefEngineer’sroom. C.Somemachineryinenginedepartment D.Somemachineryindeckdepartment.Q3: A.USCG. B.CMSA. C.CMSC. D.SMU.Q4: A.Yes,heworriesabit. B.Generally,hedoesn’tworry. C.No,hedoesn’tworryatall D.Yes,heworrieshighly.Dialogue2Q1: A.Rock-and-roll. B.Popularmusic. C.Folkmusic. D.Classicalmusic.Q2: A.Folkmusic. B.Popularmusic. C.Rock-and-roll. D.Classicalmusic.Q3: A.Becausehewillsleepaslongashehearsclassicalmusic. B.Becausehedoesn’tlikeanymusic. C.Becausehewillsleepaslongashehearsanymusic. D.Becausehelikessleepinsteadofmusic.Q4: A.Whitecoffee. B.Blackcoffee. C.Blacktea. D.Greentea.Dialogue3Q1:A.Ashirt B.Ajacket. C.Ahat. D.Acoat.Q2: A.Red. B.Green. C.Yellow. D.Blue.Q3： A.Four. B.Five. C.Six. D.Seven.Q4： A.12dollars. B.20dollars. C.12pounds. D.20pounds.Dialogue4Q1:A.1970. B.1992. C.1980. D.1982.Q2: A.Navigation. B.Marineengineering. C.Socialscience. D.Computerscience.Q3：A.DalianMaritimeUniversity. B.ShanghaiMaritimeUniversity. C.JimeiMaritimeUniversity. D.WuhanMaritimeUniversity.Q4：A.About15years. B.About14years. C.About16years. D.About12years.PartIII.OralPracticeTask1:Talkaboutthefollowingtopics.1.Talkabouttheenginedepartment1)Introductionforimportantoftheenginedepartmentonboard.2)Introductionforpersonneloftheenginedepartment.3)Descriptionofworksfortheenginedepartment.2.:.Talkaboutwhatyoucanseeinthepictureusingasmuchdetailaspossibleaccordingtothepicturegiven.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Howlonghaveyouworkedonboard?2.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Areyoumarried?3.Howmanycountrieshaveyoueverbeento?4.Whichcertificatedoyouhavenow?5.Haveyouworkedanyshipthatcauseddamageincriticalequipments?6.Howmanyimportantcanalsarethereallovertheworld?7.Canyoutellmewhatisthemostimportantthingforaseafarer?8.Whichclassificationsocietyisyourshipregisteredwith?9.WhatdoesUMSstandfor?HaveyouservedUMS?10.Couldyoulistdifferentkindsofship’ssurveys?

第二章機艙日常業務第一節主機系統一、訓練要求聽力理解要求：能夠聽懂并理解《STCW公約（馬尼拉修正案）》對無限航區750Kw及以上船舶二/三管輪職務要求與主機系統有關的工作英語內容。能夠聽懂語速為每分鐘100-120詞的聽力交流內容，掌握中心大意，理解其中的重要事實、細節和關鍵性信息點。口語表述要求：能夠按照《STCW公約（馬尼拉修正案）》對無限航區750KW及以上船舶二/三管輪的職務要求在主機系統的工作英語用語方面進行有效地面對面的地口語溝通和交流。發音基本準確，語言基本流暢，表意基本完整。二、訓練步驟PartI.Passage1Task1:Readaloudthepassage. Thefundamentalfunctionofthemainengineistoprovideashipwithdrivingpower.Therearefourmaintypesofdrivingequipmentformarinepurpose:dieselengine,steamturbine,gasturbineandmarinenuclearplant.Amarinedieselenginecanbedividedintothefixedpartsandthemovingparts.Themainfixedpartsarethebedplate,theframes,themainbearingsandthecylinders.Theframesaremountedontopofthebedplatewhichformsthecrankcaseoftheengine.Atthetopoftheframesarethecylinders.Theouterpartofthecylinderiscalledjacketandtheinnerpartiscylinderliner.Ontopofthecylinderismountedthecylindercover,onwhichanumberofvalvesarefixed,suchasthestartingvalve,thefuelvalve,theindicatorvalveandthesafetyvalve.Someenginesalsohavetheirexhaustvalvesinthecenterofthecover.Themainmovingpartsconsistofthecrankshaft,theconnectingrods,thecrossheadsandthepistons.Thecrankshaftrestsonthemainbearingsandisconnectedwiththepistonsbymeansoftheconnectingrods.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whatarethefourmaintypesofdrivingequipmentformarinepurpose?2.Whatdothefixedpartsofamarinedieselenginemainlyinclude?3.Whatdothemovingpartsofamarinedieselenginemainlyinclude？Passage2Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Purifiedfuelisstoredandbeingcontinuouslyheateduptoallowwaterseparationorsettlement.Generallyasatisfactoryworkingpurifierwillleaveverylittlewaterintheoil.However,ifprolongperiodoftimehaspassedwithoutdraining,accumulatedwaterlevelmightrisetosuchalevelthatwateriscarriedoverintothefueloilsystemintoM.E.,thiswillcausemisfiringandhenceenginestoppage.Alwaysensurethatquickclosingshut-offvalvesarekeptinoperationalconditionsbytestingorlubrication.Nolashingorgaggingisallowed.Fueloilviscositymustbemaintainedaccordinglytosafeguardagainstpumpseizuresduetotoohighortoolowfueloiltemperatures.Alarmsforhighorlowviscosity,loworhighoiltemperaturemustbeinstalledormaintainedoperational.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Howcanwaterbeseparatedfromthefuel?2.Whymaywatersometimesbecarriedoverintothefueloilsystem?3.Whatsafetyprecautionscanbetakentoensurethesafeoperationoffueloilsystem?Passage3Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Continuouscoolingoftheengineisnecessary.Thetemperatureshavetobemaintainedatanoptimumlevel.Theymustnotbetoohotortoocold.Thenormalenginejacketoutletcoolingwatertemperatureisusuallymaintainedatabout80to85degreeCentigrade,thepistoncoolingoutlettemperatureabout55degreeCentigrade.Thelubricationoiltemperatureismaintainedtoabout40degreeCentigrade.Thetemperaturesaremaintainedassteadyaspossible.Thecontrolsystemsaredesignedsothatfluctuationsintemperaturescanbemeasuredandcontrolledeasily.Hugefluctuationsintemperaturesnotonlycauseunduethermalstress,butalsocancausetherubbersealstoleak.ThemaindieselenginecoolingsystemsconsistsoftheJacketCoolingWaterSystem,PistonCoolingWaterSystem,LubricationOilCoolingSystem,andFuelValveCoolingWaterSystem.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.What’sthenormaltemperatureofenginejacketoutletcoolingwater?2.What’sthenormaltemperatureoflubricationoil?3.Whatproblemsarelikelytoarisefrombigtemperaturechange?4.Whatarethemaindieselenginecoolingsystemscomposedof?Passage4Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Abasicpartofthecycleofaninternalcombustionengineisthesupplyoffreshairandremovalofexhaustgases.Thisisthegasexchangeprocess.Scavengingistheremovalofexhaustgasesbyblowinginfreshair.Chargingisthefillingoftheenginecylinderwithasupplyorchargeoffreshairreadyforcompression.Withsuperchargingalargermassofairissuppliedtothecylinderbyblowinginunderpressure.Olderengineswerenaturallyaspiratedtakingfreshaironlyatatmosphericpressure.Modernenginesmakeuseofexhaustgasdriventurbo-chargerstosupplypressurizedfreshairforscavengingandsupercharging.Bothfour-strokeandtwo-strokecycleenginesmaybepressurecharged.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.What’sbasicpartofaninternalcombustionenginecycle?2.Whatdoesscavengingmean?3.Whatdoeschargingmean?4.Whatairdomodernenginesuseforscavengingandsupercharging?Passage5Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Lubricatingoilforanengineisstoredinthebottomofthecrankcase,knownasthesump,orinadraintanklocatedbeneaththeengine.Theoilisdrawnfromthistankthroughastrainer,oneofapairofpumps,intooneofapairoffinefilters.Itisthenpassedthroughacoolerbeforeenteringtheengineandbeingdistributedtothevariousbranchpipes.Thebranchpipeforaparticularcylindermayfeedthemainbearing,forinstance.Someofthisoilwillpassalongadrilledpassageinthecrankshafttothebottomendbearingandthenupadrilledpassageintheconnectingrodtothegudgeonpinorcrossheadbearing.Afteruseintheenginethelubricatingoildrainsbacktothesumpordraintankforre-use.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whereislubricatingoilforanenginestored?2.Wherewilltheoilgothroughbeforeenteringtheengine?3.Whatwillhappentothelubricatingoilafteruse?Passage6Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Thecompressedairissuppliedbyalargeborepipetoaremoteoperatingnon-returnorautomaticvalveandthentothecylinderairstartvalves.Theopeningofeachcylinderairstartvalveswilladmitcompressedairintothecorrespondingcylinder.Theautomaticvalveandthecylinderstartvalvesarecontrolledbyapilotairsystem.Eachcylinderstartvalvewillbeopenedimmediatelyafterthetopdeadcentre(TDC)positionhasbeenpassedandclosedjustbeforetheexhaustportsareduetoopenaccordingtothedirectionofrotationrequired.Thus,whencompressedairfromthemainsupplyissuppliedtothestartingsystemofanengineatrestitentersthosecylindersinwhichthepistonsareinapositioncorrespondingtosomepartofthepowerstroke,theresultingpressureonthepistonscausestheenginetorotate.Whenasufficientlyhighspeed,sayabout20r/min,hasbeenachievedtheairsupplyiscutoffandfuelisinjectedcausingthecylinderstofireandcontinuetoruninthenormalway.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Howisthecompressedairsuppliedtothecylinder?2.WhatdoesTDCstandfor?3.Whenwilltheairsupplybecutoff?Passage7Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Cracksinthecylinderandcylindercoversmayresultfromunequalheating.Thecylindercoversshouldberegularlyventedbyopeningtheventcocks.Cracksusuallyresultingfromlocaloverheatingarecausedbytroubleswiththefuelpumpsoroneormorecylindersnotfiring.Ifindicatordiagramsaretakenatregularintervals,anyunequaldistributionofloadwillbeeasilyfoundout.Therefore,mosttroubleslikelytooccurwithmarinedieselenginecan,iflocatedintime,beremediedwithnodifficultyandmanycanbeavoidediftheengineismaintainedwithahighsenseofresponsibilitytothepeopleonthepartofthemotormenandengineers.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whatmaycausecracksinthecylinderandcylindercovers?2.Howcanthecylindercoversbevented?3.Whatshouldbedonetodetectunequaldistributionofloadeasily?PartII.ListeningPracticeTask1:SentencelisteningDirections:Youaregoingtohear19sentences.Eachsentencewillbereadonlyonce.Listencarefullyandchoosethesentencethatistheclosestinmeaningtowhatyou’veheard.1. A.Wehaveadjustedthetimingoftheinjection.B.Wehaveadjustedthetimingoftheexhaustvalve.C.Wehaveadjustedtheclearanceoftheinjection.D.Wehaveadjustedthetimingoftheinjectionandclearanceofexhaustvalve.2.A.TheexhaustvalvesofNo.3cylinderarenew.B.TheexhaustvalvesofNo.3cylinderareoriginal.C.TheexhaustvalvesofNo.3cylinderarebad.D.TheexhaustvalvesofNo.3cylinderareworse.3.A.Theinspectionintervalsfortheinletvalvesshouldbe3000hrs.B.Theinspectionintervalsfortheexhaustvalvesshouldbe5000hrs.C.Theinspectionintervalsfortheinletvalvesshouldbe3000hrs.D.Theoverhaulingtimeoftheinletvalvesshouldbe5000hrs.4.A.ThereweresomelooseboltswhenwedismantledNo.3pistonassembly.B.ThereweresomelossboltswhenwedismantledNo.4pistonassembly.C.ThereweresomelossboltswhenwedismantledNo.3pistonassembly.D.ThereweresomelooseboltswhenwedismantledNo.4pistonassembly.5. A.WefindNo.1cylinderlinerwornoutexcessively.B.WefindNo.2cylinderlinerwornoutexcessively.C.WefindNo.1pistonskirtwornoutexcessively.D.WefindNo.2pistonskirtwornoutexcessively.6.A.Theboilerisheatedbyexhaustgas.B.Thisboilerisheatedbygas.C.Thisboilerisheatedbyburningoil.D.Thisboilerisheatedbyburninggasoline7.A.Theboilerwillbeheatedbyliquidgas.B.Theboilerwillbeheatedbyfueloil.C.Theboilerwillbeheatedbydieseloil.D.Theboilerwillbeheatedbydieselandfueloil.8.A.Cleaningtheexternalpartoftheboilerintheyard.B.Cleaningtheinternalpartoftheboilerintheyard.C.Theexternalpartoftheboilermustbecleanedbychemicalsolution.D.Theinternalpartoftheboilermustbecleanedbyacidsolution.9.A.Beforereassembling,pleasegivetheauxiliaryengineatest.B.Afterreassembling,pleasegivethemainengineatest.C.Afterreassembling,thegeneratorengineshouldbetested.D.Afterreassembling,pleaseturnontheauxiliaryengine.10.A.Governorisdrivenbychaindrive.B.Governorisdrivenbygeardrive.C.Governorisdrivenbychaindriveandgeardrive.D.Governorisdrivenbychaindriveorgeardrive.11.A.TheSecondEngineerrepairedtheexpansionvalvehimself.B.Someonerepairedtheexpansionvalve.C.Theexpansionvalvewasrenewed.D.Theexpansionvalveshouldberenewed.12.A.Thetubesarefoundclean.B.Thetubesarefounddirty.C.Thetubesarefoundleaky.D.Thetubesshouldbewelded.13.A.Thecapacityoftheseawaterpumpissmall.B.Thecapacityoftheseawaterpumpishigh.C.Thecapacityoftheseawaterpumpishigher.D.Thecapacityoftheseawaterpumpistoohigh.14.A.Iwillrepairtheincineratorburnermorecarefully.B.Iwillrepairtheincineratorburnersurely.C.Iwillrepairtheboilerburnermorecarefully.D.Iwillrepairtheboilerburnersurely.15.A.Maintainthefloatingswitchforthesewagetreatmentplantsometimes.B.Maintainthefloatingswitchforthe