英語句型分類——五大基本句型

英語句型分類根據語法形式，即句子的結構，英語的句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句。基本形式簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構成。其它各種句子形式都是由此句型發展而來，如五大基本句型：五大基本句型

1.主語+謂語謂語一定是動詞這種句型簡稱為主謂結構，其謂語一般都是不及物動詞，例：

Thingschange.事物是變化的。

Nobodywent.沒有人去。

--Didyougobysea？你們走的是海路嗎？

--NO，weflew.不，我們是飛去。2.主語+連系動詞+表語也叫做主系表這種句型稱為主系表結構，其實連系動詞在形式上也是一種謂語動詞，但實質上表語成了謂語，例：

Mr.Turnerisanartist.特納先生是位畫家。

Themilkwentsour.牛奶變酸了。

Shebecamealawyer.她當了律師。注：我們平常所說的be動詞有兩種含義：

1、助動詞的be；

2、作為連系動詞的be；3.主語+謂語+賓語賓語有兩種：間接賓語和直接賓語這種句型可稱為主謂賓結構，它的謂語一般多是及物動詞，例：

Weneverbeatchildren.我們從來不打孩子。

Mysisterwillfixeverything.我姐姐會料理一切。4主語+謂語+賓語+賓語這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓結構，其謂語應是可有雙賓語的及物動詞，兩個賓語一個是間接賓語，一個是直接賓語，例：

Hegavethebooktohissister.他把這本書給了他的妹妹。

I'llwriteyoualongletter.我將寫給你一封長信。5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補所謂賓語補足語就是補充說明前面的賓語這種句型可簡稱為主謂賓補結構，其補語是賓語補語，與賓語一起即構成復合賓語，例：

Ifoundthebookeasy.我發現這本書不難。（形容詞easy作補語）

I'lllethimgo.我將讓他去。（不定式go用作補語）注意：有時兩個或更多的并列主語擁有一個共同的謂語，甚至并列有兩個主語和兩個謂語，這樣的句子仍然是簡單句，例：

ChinaandothercountriesintheeastAsiaaredevelopingrapidly.中國和東亞其它國家正在迅速地發展。（Chinaandothercountries并列主語）

Mr.WangandIoftenworktogetherandhelpeachother.王先生和我常在一起工作互相幫助。英語五種基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：S+V（主+謂）基本句型二：S+V+P（主+系+表）基本句型三：S+V+DO（主+謂+賓）基本句型四：S+V+IO+DO（主+謂+間賓+直賓）基本句型五：S+V+DO+OC（主+謂+賓+賓補）簡單句與復合句的互換把一個簡單句轉換成一個復合句，一般是將一個短語變為一個從句。相反，復合句轉換為簡單句時要把一個從句變為一個短語。

1.TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtheycanlearntodoChineseKongfuwell.→TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtolearntodoChineseKongfuwell.

【解析】含賓語從句的復合句變為簡單句，可以把賓語從句改為"疑問詞+不定式"的結構或者改為"主語+謂語+賓語+賓補"這種結構；簡單句變復合句，一般是把賓語擴大為賓語從句，其賓語從句應該用將來時或"情態動詞+動詞原形"的形式。

2.Shewassoweakthatshecouldn'ttakecareofherbaby.→Shewastooweaktotakecareofherbaby.

3.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.→Theiceonthelakewasnotthickenoughforpeopletoskateon.4.Bebrave,oryou'llloseyourchance.→Ifyouaren'tbrave,you'llloseyourchance.

5.Comeon,orwe'llmisstheearlybus.→Ifwedon'thurry,we'llmisstheearlybus.

【解析】"祈使句+or+簡單句"可轉換為"if引導的否定的條件句+主句"的句型；"祈使句+and+簡單句"可轉換為"if引導的肯定的條件句+主句"的句型。

6.Sheseemstobeworriednow.→Itseemsthatsheisworriednow.

II.簡單句與簡單句的轉換7.Wespenttwentyminutescleaningtheroomyesterday.→Ittookustwentyminutestocleantheroomyesterday.

8.Themotorbikecosthim7,000yuanlastyear.→Hepaid/spent7,000yuanfor/on(buying)themotorbikelastyear.9.Janesaysscienceisn'tsointerestingasmusictoher.→Janesaysscienceislessinterestingthanmusictoher.

10.Sheridesabicyclemorecarefullythananyoneelseinherclass.→Sheisthemostcarefulbicycleriderinherclass.11.Theexhibitionofchildren'sartbeganafewdaysago.→Theexhibitionofchildren'sarthasbeenonforafewdays.

12.MygrandpajoinedthePartythirtyyearsago.→MygrandpahasbeeninthePartyforthirtyyears.

13.Sam'sgrandfatherdied10yearsago.→Sam'sgrandfatherhasbeendeadfor10years.14.Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.→Thebrokenpotterymustbethrownawayatonce.

15.Everyoneshouldgivebackhisorherlibrarybooksontime.→Librarybooksshouldbereturnedontime.

16.Peoplemakegreatuseofcomputerswidelyintheworld.→Computersarewidelyusedintheworld.17.Lucycan'tsingtheEnglishsong"YesterdayOnceMore".AndLilycan'tsingit,either.→NeitherLucynorLilycansingtheEnglishsong"YesterdayOnceMore".

18.Thisstoresellsmen'sshoes,anditalsosellsmen'sclothes.→Thisstoresellsnotonlymen'sshoesbutalsomen'sclothes.19."Didyousleepwelllastnight?"Davidaskedher.→Davidaskedherif/whethershesleptwelllastnight.

20.Iwon'tgowithmybrother,hethinks.→Hedoesn'tthinkIwillgowithmybrother.

21.Wheredoeshelive?Idon'tknow.→Idon'tknowwherehelives.1.Thereisastrongwindtoday.

It'svery________today.

2.What'stheweatherlikeinAmerica?

________________theweatherinAmerica?

3.Wemustkeepthenoiseunder50dbs(分貝)here.

Thenoisemust________________under50dbshere.

4.WuDongjoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.

WuDonghas________intheLeague________threeyears.

5.Ididn'tknowwhatIshouldsay.

Ididn'tknowwhat________________.6.Doestheshopcloseatsixeveryday?Doyouknow?

Doyouknow________theshop________atsixeveryday?

7.Lucyisthetallestgirlinherclass.

Lucyis________than________________girlsinherclass.

8.Tomisinthefootballteam.Jimisinthefootballteam,too.

________Tom________Jim________onthefootballteam.

9.Johnwillgotobedafterhefinisheshishomework.

John________________tobed________hefinisheshishomework.

10.Hewassohappythathecouldn'tsayawordw