書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hishumorousremark（

）thetensionatthemeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.released

B.replaced

C.relieved

D.retained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他幽默的言辭緩和了會(huì)議上的緊張氣氛。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。Release釋放,放出,發(fā)泄;replace代替,取代,更新;relieve緩和,解除,減輕;retain保持。由關(guān)鍵詞thetension(緊張局勢(shì))可知C符合句意。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThecountryinwhichIlivehaslawsforbiddingdiscriminationonthegroundsofethnicity,religion,sexualityorsex.We’vecomealongwaysincethedayswhenthereversewastrue—whenhomosexualitywasillegal,forinstance,orwhenwomenwerebarredfromvoting.Butthisdoesn’tmeanthatprejudiceisover,ofcourse.Nowadaysweneedtobeasconcernedaboutsubtlerstrainsofprejudiceasthekindofloud-mouthedracismandsexismthatmakesusashamedofthepast.

Subtleprejudiceisthedomainofunjustifiedassumptions,dog-whistles,andplainfailuretomaketheefforttoincludepeoplewhoaredifferentfromourselves,orwhodon’tfitourexpectations.Onewordfortheexpressionsofsubtleprejudiceis‘‘microaggression”.Thesearethingssuchasrepeatingathoughtlessstereotype,ortooreadilydismissingsomeone’sviewpoint—actionsthatmayseemunworthyofcomment,butcanneverthelessmarginaliseanindividual.

Thepeopleperpetratingthesemicroaggressionsmaybecompletelyunawarethattheyholdaprejudicedview.Psychologistsdistinguishbetweenourexplicitattitudes—whicharethebeliefsandfeelingswe’lladmitto—andourimplicitattitudes—whichareourbeliefsandfeelingswhicharerevealedbyouractions.So,forexample,youmightsaythatyouarenotasexist,youmightevensaythatyouareanti-sexist,butifyouinterruptwomenmorethanmeninmeetingsyouwouldbedisplayingasexistimplicitattitude—onewhichisverydifferentfromthatnon-sexistexplicitattitudeyouprofess.

Thethingaboutsubtleprejudiceisthatitisbydefinitionsubtle—lotsofsmalldifferencesinhowpeoplearetreated,smallasides,littlejibes,ambiguousdifferencesinhowwetreatonepersoncomparedtoanother.Thismakesithardtomeasure,andhardtoaddress,and—forsomepeople—hardtotakeseriously.

Thisistheskepticallineofthought:whenpeoplecomplainaboutbeingtreateddifferentlyinsmallwaystheyarebeingoverlysensitive,tryingtolayclaimtoacultureofvictimhood.Smalldifferencesarejustthat—small.

Nowyouwillhaveyourownintuitionsaboutthatview,butmyinterestisinhowyoucouldtesttheideathatathousandsmallcutsdoaddup.Aclassicexperimentonthewayraceaffectsourinteractionsshowsnotonlythemyriadwaysinwhichracecanaffecthowwetreatpeople,butshowsinacleverwaythateventhemostprivilegedofuswouldsufferifwewereallsubjectedtosubtlediscrimination.

54.Thefirstparagraphimpliedthatprejudices________.

55.“marginaliseanindividual”inParagraph2probablymeans________.

56.Someonewoulddenyhistruefeelingsandbeliefsbut________.

57.InParagraph4,theauthorimpliesthatsubtleprejudice________.

58.AccordingtoParagraph5,sufferersofsubtlediscrimination________.

59.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorstressesthat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havevanished

B.havebeenimplicit

C.havebeennoticeable

D.havebeenunderstandable

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.forcingsomeonetowork

B.stoppingoffendingsomeone

C.firingsomeonefromworkplace

D.stoppingassociatingwithsomeone

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hisattitudecouldbehiddeninhisdeed

B.hisprejudicemightbeconveyedconsciously

C.hisprejudicemightbedisplayedwhentalkingtowomen

D.hisviewpointcouldberevealedfromhisaggressiontowardsothers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.tendstobeneglected

B.causesalotofargument

C.issuretobescoffedat

D.makespeoplecompetewitheachother

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldgetmoreattention

B.fallvictimtotheirculture

C.exaggeratetheirsufferings

D.havetherighttocomplain

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.racialdiscriminationisclearlyproved

B.subtlediscriminationinflictsseriousdamage

C.peoplewithhighstatusgetmoreprotection

D.peopledonotknowhowtotestsubtlediscrimination

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

【解析】54.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thefirstparagraphimpliedthatprejudices________.第一段暗示，歧視________。

A.havevanishedA.已經(jīng)消失了

B.havebeenimplicitB.一直是微妙的

C.havebeennoticeableC.一直被注意到

D.havebeenunderstandableD.一直可以理解

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞firstparagraph可以定位到文章第1段，由本段第3、4句“當(dāng)然，這并不意味著歧視已經(jīng)結(jié)束。如今，我們不僅需要關(guān)注那些讓我們?yōu)檫^(guò)去感到羞愧的大吼大叫的種族主義和性別歧視，還需要關(guān)注那些更微妙的歧視（subtlerstrainsofprejudice）。”可知，歧視一直都存在，而且有些歧視是更加微妙的，需要更多的關(guān)注。因此B選項(xiàng)“一直是微妙的”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)消失了”，文章中說(shuō)的是歧視沒(méi)有結(jié)束，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“一直被注意到”，文章中說(shuō)的是需要關(guān)注那些更微妙的歧視，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“一直可以理解”在文章中沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

55.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

“marginaliseanindividual”inParagraph2probablymeans________.第2段中的“marginaliseanindividual”可能意味著________。

A.forcingsomeonetoworkA.強(qiáng)迫某人工作

B.stoppingoffendingsomeoneB.停止得罪某人

C.firingsomeonefromworkplaceC.將某人從工作場(chǎng)所開除

D.stoppingassociatingwithsomeoneD.停止與某人交往

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞marginaliseanindividual可以定位到文章第2段最后1句“這些微歧視包括重復(fù)一種輕率的刻板印象，或過(guò)于輕易地否定某人的觀點(diǎn)——這些行為可能看起來(lái)不值一提，但卻會(huì)marginaliseanindividual。”，上文說(shuō)到微妙的歧視即不接納與我們不同或不符合我們期望的人，也就是不和這些人交往，將他們邊緣化，具體體現(xiàn)在輕易否定他們觀點(diǎn)等行為上。因此D選項(xiàng)“停止與某人交往”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)迫某人工作”，B選項(xiàng)“停止得罪某人”和C選項(xiàng)“將某人從工作場(chǎng)所開除”在文章中均沒(méi)有提及。屬于無(wú)中生有。

56.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Someonewoulddenyhistruefeelingsandbeliefsbut________.有人會(huì)否認(rèn)他的真實(shí)感覺(jué)和信念，但________。

A.hisattitudecouldbehiddeninhisdeedA.他的態(tài)度可能隱藏在他的行為中

B.hisprejudicemightbeconveyedconsciouslyB.他的歧視可能會(huì)有意識(shí)地表達(dá)出來(lái)

C.hisprejudicemightbedisplayedwhentalkingtowomenC.他的歧視可能會(huì)在與女性交談時(shí)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)

D.hisviewpointcouldberevealedfromhisaggressiontowardsothersD.他的觀點(diǎn)可以從他對(duì)別人的攻擊性中顯示出來(lái)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞feelingsandbeliefs可以定位到文章第3段第2句“心理學(xué)家區(qū)分了外顯態(tài)度和內(nèi)隱態(tài)度，外顯態(tài)度是指我們承認(rèn)的信念和感覺(jué)，內(nèi)隱態(tài)度是指我們的行為揭示的（revealedbyouractions）信念和感覺(jué)。”，說(shuō)明即使有人否認(rèn)了自己的信念和感覺(jué)，但他的態(tài)度會(huì)從他的行為中揭示出來(lái)。因此A選項(xiàng)“他的態(tài)度可能隱藏在他的行為中”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“他的歧視可能會(huì)有意識(shí)地表達(dá)出來(lái)”，文章說(shuō)的是犯下這些微歧視的人可能完全沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他們持有歧視的觀點(diǎn)，說(shuō)明他們不會(huì)有意識(shí)地表達(dá)歧視，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“他的歧視可能會(huì)在與女性交談時(shí)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)”，文章只是用與女性交談作為例子，并不是說(shuō)他們都會(huì)在與女性交談時(shí)表達(dá)歧視，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“他的觀點(diǎn)可以從他對(duì)別人的攻擊性中顯示出來(lái)”，文章中沒(méi)有提到攻擊性，屬于無(wú)中生有。

57.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

InParagraph4,theauthorimpliesthatsubtleprejudice________.在第4段中，作者暗示微妙的歧視________。

A.tendstobeneglectedA.往往被忽視

B.causesalotofargumentB.引起大量的爭(zhēng)論

C.issuretobescoffedatC.肯定會(huì)被嘲笑

D.makespeoplecompetewitheachotherD.使人們相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph4可以定位到文章第4段，由本段第2句“這使得它難以衡量，難以解決，對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，也難以認(rèn)真對(duì)待（hardtotakeseriously）。”可知，作者認(rèn)為人們很難重視這些微妙的歧視。因此A選項(xiàng)“往往被忽視”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“引起大量的爭(zhēng)論”，C選項(xiàng)“肯定會(huì)被嘲笑”和D選項(xiàng)“使人們相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”在文章中沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

58.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoParagraph5,sufferersofsubtlediscrimination________.根據(jù)第5段，遭受微妙歧視的人________。

A.shouldgetmoreattentionA.應(yīng)該得到更多的關(guān)注

B.fallvictimtotheircultureB.成為他們文化的受害者

C.exaggeratetheirsufferingsC.夸大他們的痛苦

D.havetherighttocomplainD.有權(quán)投訴

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph5可以定位到文章第5段第1句“當(dāng)人們抱怨在小的方面受到區(qū)別對(duì)待時(shí)，他們是過(guò)度敏感（overlysensitive）”，說(shuō)明遭受微妙歧視的人會(huì)放大自己所受到的歧視。因此C選項(xiàng)“夸大他們的痛苦”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該得到更多的關(guān)注”在第5段中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“成為他們文化的受害者”，文章中說(shuō)的是“試圖宣稱一種受害者文化（cultureofvictimhood）”，而不是真的成為了受害者，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“有權(quán)投訴”在文章中沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

59.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthelastparagraph,theauthorstressesthat________.在最后一段中，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)________。

A.racialdiscriminationisclearlyprovedA.種族歧視被明確證明

B.subtlediscriminationinflictsseriousdamageB.微妙歧視造成了嚴(yán)重的傷害

C.peoplewithhighstatusgetmoreprotectionC.地位高的人得到更多的保護(hù)

D.peopledonotknowhowtotestsubtlediscriminationD.人們不知道如何測(cè)試微妙歧視

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞lastparagraph可以定位到文章最后1段，由本段第1句“一千個(gè)小傷口累加起來(lái)”可知，微妙歧視造成的傷害是日積月累的，同時(shí)第2句說(shuō)到“如果我們都受到微妙歧視，即使是我們中擁有最多特權(quán)的人也會(huì)遭受痛苦（wouldsuffer）。”，由此可知微妙歧視會(huì)對(duì)所有人都造成傷害。綜合理解，微妙歧視造成的傷害是十分嚴(yán)重的。因此B選項(xiàng)“微妙歧視造成了嚴(yán)重的傷害”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“種族歧視被明確證明”，文章中說(shuō)的是顯示了種族如何影響我們對(duì)待他人的方式，而不是證明種族歧視的存在，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“地位高的人得到更多的保護(hù)”，文章中說(shuō)的是擁有最多特權(quán)的人也會(huì)遭受痛苦，由此可知地位高的人也不會(huì)得到更多保護(hù)，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“人們不知道如何測(cè)試微妙歧視”，第2句中提到的關(guān)于種族的實(shí)驗(yàn)就論證了第2句中的“如何測(cè)試”，說(shuō)明人們知道測(cè)試的方法，屬于反向干擾。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

一個(gè)人的生命究竟有多大意義，這有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以衡量嗎?提出一個(gè)絕對(duì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)當(dāng)然很困難；但是，大體上看一個(gè)人對(duì)待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真，看他對(duì)待勞動(dòng)、工作等等的態(tài)度如何，也就不難對(duì)這個(gè)人的存在意義做出適當(dāng)?shù)墓烙?jì)了。

古來(lái)一切有成就的人，都很嚴(yán)肅地對(duì)待自己的生命，當(dāng)他活著一天，總要盡量多勞動(dòng)、多工作、多學(xué)習(xí)，不肯虛度年華，不讓時(shí)間白白地浪費(fèi)掉。我國(guó)歷代的勞動(dòng)人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。

【答案】Whatisthesignificanceoflife?Isthereanycriterionforitsmeasurement?Difficultasitistoadvanceanabsoluteone,itwillnotbesotojudgetheverymeaningofone’sexistencegenerallyfromwhetherheisseriousaboutlifeandwhathisattitudeistowardsworkandlife.

Throughouttheages,allpeopleofaccomplishmenttaketheirlivesseriously.Aslongastheyarealive,theywouldratherdevotethemselvestomoreworkandstudythanletasingleminuteslipbyinvain.Andthesameistrueofthecommonlabourersaswellasthegreatstatesmenandthinkersinourcountry.

4.單選題

Thecapturedcriminalswere（）inchainthroughthestreets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibited

B.displayed

C.paraded

D.revealed

【答案】C

【解析】exhibited展出,表現(xiàn)出；displayed展示,陳列；paraded游行,閱兵；revealed透漏。句意：被捕的犯人帶著鎖鏈在街上游行。

5.單選題

Scientificevidencefromdifferent（）demonstratesthatinmosthumansthelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolslanguages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.principles

B.grounds

C.disciplines

D.rules

【答案】C

【解析】principles原則；grounds根據(jù),理由；disciplines紀(jì)律,學(xué)科；rules規(guī)則,條例。句意：來(lái)自不同學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)證據(jù)表明,大多數(shù)人的左腦控制著語(yǔ)言。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

Untilaboutfiveyearsago,theveryideathatpeptidehormonesmightbemadeanywhereinthebrainbesidesthehypothalamuswasastounding-Peptidehormones,scientiststhought,weremadebyendocrineglandsandthehypothalamuswasthoughttobethebrains’onlyendocrinegland.Whatismore,becausepeptidehormonescannotcrosstheblood-brainbarrier;researchersbelievedthattheynevergottoanypartofthebrainotherthanthehypothalamus,wheretheyweresimplyproducedandthenreleasedintothebloodstream.

Butthesebeliefsaboutpeptidehormoneswerequestionedaslaboratoryafterlaboratoryfoundthatantiserumstopeptidehormones,wheninjectedintothebrain,bindinplacesotherthanthehypothalamus,indicatingthateitherthehormonesorsubstancesthatcross-reactwiththeantiserumsarepresent.Theimmunologicalmethodofdetectingpeptidehormonesbymeansofantiserums,however,isimprecise.Cross-reactionsarepossible,andthismethodcannotdeterminewhetherthesubstancesdetectedbytheantiserumsreallyarethehormones,ormerelycloserelatives.Furthermorethismethodcannotbeusedtodeterminethelocationinthebodywherethedetectedsubstancesareactuallyproduced.

Newtechniquesofmolecularbiology,however,provideawaytoanswerthesequestions.ItispossibletomakespecificcomplementaryDNA’s(CDNA’s)thatcanserveasmolecularprobestoseekoutthemessengerRNA’s(mRNA’s)ofthepeptidehormones.Ifbraincellsaremakingthehormones,thecellswillcontainthesemRNA’s.Iftheproductsthebraincellsmakeresemblethehormonesbutarenotidenticaltothem,thenthecDNA’sshouldstillbindtothesemRNA’s,butshouldnotbindastightlyastheywouldtomRNA’sforthetruehormones.ThecellscontainingthesemRNA’scanthenbeisolatedandtheirmRNA’sdecodedtodeterminejustwhattheirproteinproductsareandhowcloselytheproductsresemblethetruepeptidehormones.

ThemolecularapproachtodetectingpeptidehormonesusingcDNAprobesshouldalsobemuchfasterthantheimmunologicalmethodbecauseitcantakeyearsoftediouspurificationstoisolatepeptidehormonesandthendevelopantiserumstothem.Roberts,expressingthesentimentofmanyresearchers,states:“Iwastrainedasanendocrinologist.Butitbecamecleartomethatthefieldofendocrinologyneededmolecularbiologyinput.Theprocessofgrindingoutproteinpurificationsisjusttooslow.”

If,astheinitialtestswithcDNAprobessuggest,peptidehormonesreallyaremadeinthebraininareasotherthanthehypothalamus,atheorymustbedevelopedthatexplainstheirfunctioninthebrain.Somehavesuggestedthatthehormonesareallgrowthregulators,butRosen’sworkonratbrainsindicatesthatthiscannotbetrue.Anumberofotherresearchersproposethattheymightbeusedforintercellularcommunicationinthebrain.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthepassage?

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatasubstancedetectedinbrainbyuseofantiserumstopeptidehormonesmay（

）.

3.Thepassageimpliesthat,indoingresearchonratbrains,Rosendiscoveredthat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisawayinwhichtheimmunologicalmethodofdetectingpeptidehormonesdiffersfromthemolecularmethod?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.IsMolecularBiologytheKeytoUnderstandingIntercellularCommunicationintheBrain?

B.MolecularBiology:CanResearchersExploitItsTechniquestoSynthesizePeptideHormones?

C.TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesoftheImmunologicalApproachtoDetectingPeptideHormones.

D.PeptideHormones:HowScientistsAreAttemptingtoSolveProblemsofTheirDetection.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenstoredinthebrainforalongperiodoftimeandtoUnderstandTheirFunction

B.playnoroleinthefunctioningofthebrain

C.havebeenproducedinsomepartofthebodyotherthanthebrain

D.playanimportantroleinthefunctioningofhypothalamus

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peptidehormonesareusedforintercellularcommunication

B.complementaryDNA’sdonotbindtocellsproducingpeptidehormones

C.productscloselyresemblingpeptidehormonesarenotidenticaltopeptidehormone

D.somepeptidehormonesdonotfunctionasgrowthregulators

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theimmunologicalmethodusessubstancesthatreactwithproductsofhormone-producingcells,whereasthemolecularmethodusessubstancesthatreactwithaspecificcomponentofthecellsthemselves.

B.Theimmunologicalmethodhasproducedresultsconsistentwithlong-heldbeliefsaboutpeptidehormones,whereasthemolecularmethodhasproducedresultsthatupsetthesebeliefs.

C.Theimmunologicalmethodusesprobesthatcanonlybindwithpeptidehormones,whereasthemolecularmethodusesprobesthatbindwithpeptidehormonesandsubstancessimilartothem

D.Theimmunologicalmethodcanonlybeusedtotestforthepresenceofpeptidehormoneswithinthehypothalamus,whereasthemolecularmethodcanbeusedthroughoutthebrain.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。解答此類題必須找到文章主旨，文章第一段說(shuō)到了之前關(guān)于肽激素的一些研究看法，但第二段開頭就出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞but，本文的討論點(diǎn)必然是在but之后出現(xiàn)。第一句說(shuō)到“Butthesebeliefsaboutpeptidehormoneswerequestionedaslaboratoryafterlaboratoryfoundthatantiserumstopeptidehormones,wheninjectedintothebrain,bindinplacesotherthanthehypothalamus,indicatingthateitherthehormonesorsubstancesthatcross-reactwiththeantiserumsarepresent.但是，這些關(guān)于肽激素的觀點(diǎn)受到了質(zhì)疑，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)又一個(gè)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室都發(fā)現(xiàn)，抗血清肽激素被注射進(jìn)大腦后，會(huì)在下丘腦以外的地方結(jié)合，這表明要么是激素，要么是與抗血清發(fā)生交叉反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)。”因此下文不會(huì)討論A選項(xiàng)中分子生物學(xué)與大腦間通訊，也不會(huì)研究B選項(xiàng)技術(shù)合成肽激素，也不是討論C選項(xiàng)檢測(cè)肽激素的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，而是把重心放在研究肽激素的位置，及怎樣去檢測(cè)它的位置，因此D選項(xiàng)“肽激素:科學(xué)家如何試圖解決他們的檢測(cè)問(wèn)題”符合文意。

2.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到文章第二段首句“Butthesebeliefsaboutpeptidehormoneswerequestionedaslaboratoryafterlaboratoryfoundthatantiserumstopeptidehormones,wheninjectedintothebrain,bindinplacesotherthanthehypothalamus,indicatingthateitherthehormonesorsubstancesthatcross-reactwiththeantiserumsarepresent.但是，這些關(guān)于肽激素的觀點(diǎn)受到了質(zhì)疑，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)又一個(gè)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室都發(fā)現(xiàn)，抗血清肽激素被注射進(jìn)大腦后，會(huì)在下丘腦以外的地方結(jié)合，這表明要么是激素，要么是與抗血清發(fā)生交叉反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)。”說(shuō)明這些物質(zhì)是在下丘腦以外的地方結(jié)合形成的，因此C選項(xiàng)“是在身體的其他部位產(chǎn)生的，而不是大腦”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ratbrains”和“Rosen”定位到文章最后一段第二句“Somehavesuggestedthatthehormonesareallgrowthregulators,butRosen’sworkonratbrainsindicatesthatthiscannotbetrue.有些人認(rèn)為這些激素都是生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑，但Rosen對(duì)老鼠大腦的研究表明這不是真的。”Rosen的研究表明這些激素并不是生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑，因此D選項(xiàng)“有些肽激素沒(méi)有生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑的功能”符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。題干中提到了兩個(gè)檢測(cè)肽激素的方式對(duì)比，文章第二段詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了第一種方法“Theimmunologicalmethodofdetectingpeptidehormonesbymeansofantiserums,however,isimprecise.Cross-reactionsarepossible,andthismethodcannotdeterminewhetherthesubstancesdetectedbytheantiserumsreallyarethehormones,ormerelycloserelatives.然而，用抗血清來(lái)測(cè)定肽激素的免疫學(xué)方法是不精確的，可能產(chǎn)生交叉反應(yīng)。而且這種方法不能確定抗血清檢測(cè)到的物質(zhì)是否真的是激素，有可能僅僅是近親。”免疫學(xué)的方法是用能和產(chǎn)生激素的細(xì)胞的產(chǎn)物發(fā)生反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)檢測(cè)。第二個(gè)方法的描述出現(xiàn)在第三段中“Newtechniquesofmolecularbiology,however,provideawaytoanswerthesequestions.ItispossibletomakespecificcomplementaryDNA’s(CDNA’s)thatcanserveasmolecularprobestoseekoutthemessengerRNA’s(mRNA’s)ofthepeptidehormones.然而，分子生物學(xué)的新技術(shù)為這些問(wèn)題提供了答案。科學(xué)家可以制造出特異的(specific)互補(bǔ)DNA’s(CDNA’s)，以此作為分子探子(molecularprobe)，探覓出肽激素的信使RNA’s(mRNA’s)。”此處說(shuō)的“問(wèn)題”就是第一種方法中說(shuō)到的“近親”問(wèn)題，分子生物學(xué)的新技術(shù)可以用能和細(xì)胞本身的某個(gè)特定成分發(fā)生反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)來(lái)檢測(cè)。因此A選項(xiàng)“免疫學(xué)方法使用與產(chǎn)生激素的細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)，而分子方法使用與細(xì)胞自身特定成分發(fā)生反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)”符合文意。

7.單選題

Asadevelopingcountry,wemustkeep（）withtherapiddevelopmentoftheworldeconomy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pace

B.move

C.step

D.speed

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組的固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)pace表示“步速，步伐，速度”；B選項(xiàng)move表示“行動(dòng)，舉措，改變”；C選項(xiàng)step表示“腳步，步驟，步伐”；D選項(xiàng)speed表示“速度，進(jìn)展”。詞組keeppacewith是一個(gè)固定搭配，表示“與并駕齊驅(qū)，保持一致”。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Theunemployedmanis（）aboutstreetswithacigarinhishandandamiserablefeelinginmind.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plunging

B.patrolling

C.lounging

D.lingering

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plunging“驟降；投入”；B選項(xiàng)patrolling“巡邏；偵查”；C選項(xiàng)lounging“懶洋洋地站著”；D選項(xiàng)lingering“徘徊；磨蹭”。句意：那個(gè)失業(yè)的人手里拿著雪茄在街上……，心里愁悶不安。D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義，故選D。

9.單選題

Thecouplehasdonatedanot（）amountofmoneytothefoundation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inconsiderable

B.inconsiderate

C.inaccurate

D.incomparable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這對(duì)夫婦為這個(gè)基金會(huì)己經(jīng)捐獻(xiàn)了不少錢。

考查形容詞辨析。inconsiderable小的,不値得考慮的,微不足道的；inconsiderate輕率的,不顧別人的;inaccurate不精確的,不準(zhǔn)確的；incomparable無(wú)可匹敵的,不能比較的。故A符合句意。

10.單選題

Thepresidentplacedawreathonthemonumenttotheheroesandthenmadeaspeechtopay（）tothegreatachievementsofthemartyrs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compliment

B.gratitude

C.tribute

D.commendation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:compliment“恭維；敬意”；B:gratitude“感激”；C:tribute“致敬；悼念”；D:commendation“表?yè)P(yáng)；嘉獎(jiǎng)狀”。句意：總統(tǒng)在紀(jì)念碑上放了一個(gè)花圈敬給英雄們，然后，發(fā)表講話，以致敬烈士的偉大成就。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，C最合適。

11.單選題

Perhapsmostimportant,thereportcould_______morelight,thoughitdoesgivesome,onhowchildwelfareischangingovertime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glance

B.reckon

C.cast

D.resort

【答案】C

【解析】glance掃視,匆匆一看;reckon估計(jì),猜想;cast投,拋,計(jì)算;resort求助。castlighton使明白,使真相大白。句意：也許最重要的是,雖然報(bào)告中涉及了一些,但報(bào)告應(yīng)該讓我們明白,隨著時(shí)間的推移兒童福利正在發(fā)生怎樣的變化。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.填空題

Pesticides,themostcost-effective（1）ofpestandweedcontrol,allowthemaintenanceofcurrentyieldsandsocontribute（2）economicviability.Concernabouttheenvironmentalimpactofrepeatedpesticideusehaspromptedresearchintotheenvironmentalfateoftheseagents,which（3）emigratefromtreatedfieldstoair,otherlandandwaterbodies.How（4）thepesticideremainsinthesoildependsonhowstronglyitisboundbysoilcomponentsandhowreadilyitisdegraded.It（5）dependsontheenvironmentalconditionsatthetimeofapplication,e.g.oilwatercontent.Pesticideusemustensurepublicsafetyandenvironmentalprotectionwith（6）toboththechemicalitselfandtheirpotentiallyharmfulmetabolites.Thispaperreviewswhatisknownofthe（7）ofthephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofthesoilsystem,suchasmoisturecontent,organicmatterandclaycontents,andpH,onthesorption/desorptionanddegradationofpesticidesandtheiraccesstogroundwaterandsurfacewaters.Anunderstandingofthefateofpesticidesisessentialforrationaldecision-takingregardingtheirauthorization.Toreachanadequateunderstandingwillrequiretheconcourse（8）soilscience,claymineralogy,physicalchemistry,surfacechemistry,environmentalmicrobiology,plantphysiologyand,nodoubt,otherdisciplines.

（9）throughamultidisciplinaryapproachtoenvironmentalresearchwillitbepossibletoplan,manage,pursueandintegratetheresultsofthestudiesthatwillbenecessaryforthedevelopmentoftoolsandtechniquesallowingeffectiveenvironmentaldecision-making.Thereseemstobeagreatpotentialtodevelopmicrobiallyderivedpesticides,whichareeffective,reliableandhavea（10）environmentalrisk.Inaddition,newapplicationtechniques,forexampleprecisionbandspraying,canreducethedose,whichcanbeaveryeffectivewaytominimizetransportandemissionbutalsotoavoidabuild-upofresistanceintargetorganisms.Improvedformulationswillalsobeneededtoreduceoff-targetdeposition,improveretentionontarget,andenhanceuptakeandtranslocation.

【答案】（1）Means。

（2）to。

（3）can。

（4）long。

（5）also。

（6）regards。

（7）influence。

（8）of。

（9）Only。

（10）low。

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義連接。句意：農(nóng)藥是除害蟲和雜草的最有效的（）。means：方式，手段。

2.固定搭配。contributeto：有助于。

3.語(yǔ)義連接。句意：農(nóng)藥重復(fù)使用對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染，此現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)引起了研究機(jī)構(gòu)的注意，污染治理的范圍將不僅僅局限于土壤本身，可能轉(zhuǎn)向其他領(lǐng)域。

4.語(yǔ)義連接。howlong：多久，表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。句意：農(nóng)藥在土壤中殘留多久，取決于它的強(qiáng)度。

5.語(yǔ)義連接。前句提到農(nóng)藥在土壤中殘留程度取決于多方面因素，接著講述也取決于……

6.固定搭配。Withregardsto：關(guān)于，考慮到。

7.語(yǔ)義連接。句意：本文綜述了土壤系統(tǒng)的物理和化學(xué)特性（如含水量、有機(jī)質(zhì)和粘土含量、pH值）對(duì)農(nóng)藥的吸附/解吸和降解及其進(jìn)入地下水和地表水的影響。influence：影響。

8.語(yǔ)義題。concourse：綜合。空格處填介詞of，此處表示各學(xué)科的綜合。

9.固定搭配。句子是部分倒裝句，狀語(yǔ)提前放到句首，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面。表示：只有通過(guò)……才……。

10.邏輯分析。微生物源農(nóng)藥更effective，reliable（有效，可靠），應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)alowenvironmentalrisk（低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）。

13.問(wèn)答題

AStheplanetwarms,floods,storms,risingseasanddroughtwilluprootmillionsofpeopleandwithdirewiderconsequences.BarackObama,collectinghisNobelpeaceprize,saidthatclimaticchange“willfuelmoreconflictfordecades”.HetooktheanalysisnotfromenvironmentalscaremongersbutfromagroupofAmericangenerals.

Theforecastisclose（1）becomingreceivedwisdom.Aflurryofnewbookswithtitlessuchas“GlobalWarring”and“ClimaticConflict”offernear-apocalypticvisions.CleoPascal,attheRoyalInstituteofInternationalAffairsinLondon,predictsthosefloods,storms,thefailureoftheIndianmonsoonandagriculturalcollapsewillbring“enormousmadspecificgeopolitical,economicandsecurityconsequencesforallofus...theworldoftomorrowlookschaoticandviolent”.JeffreyMazooftheInternationalInstituteforStrategicStudies,alsoinLondon,callsclimaticchangean“existentialthreat”andfearsitcouldusher（2）“statefailureandinternalconflict”inexposedplaces,notablyAfrica.

Yetsurprisinglyfewfactssupportthesealarmingassertions.Widelytoutedforecastssuchas

for200mclimaticrefugeesinfirenextfewdecadesseemtohavebeenplucked（3）theair.

LittleornoacademicresearchhaslookedatquestionssuchaswhetherBangladeshisdisplacedbyarisingseawouldmoveaseriesofshortdistancesoveralongperiod,or(moredisruptively)agreaterdistanceimmediately.

SoscientistspreparingthefifthreportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,duein2013,areforthefirsttimeincludingachapteronthreatstohumansecurity.Anearlyeffort

cameataconferencelastmonthinNorway,

（4）

theauspicesofthePeaceResearchInstituteinOslo.

Oneideaistofindpreviousoccasionswhenbigenvironmentalchangescame

（5）

social,

politicalandmilitaryshifts.DroughtsintheCentralAsiansteppe,forexample,ledtomasswestwardmigrationandthe“barbarian”invasionsthathelpedtoppletheRomanEmpire.HungeranddroughtledtothecollapseofMayancivilizationamillenniumago.SuddencoolingwipedoutanearlyEuropeansettlementonGreenland.TheDustBowlofthe1930sforcedover2mpeopletomigratewithintheUnitedStates.

ThoseexamplesmayberelevantinAfrica,whereinmanycountriesaroundthree-quartersofthepopulationsurvivebycultivatingafewvarietiesofcropswatereddirectlybyrain,theformof

farmingmostvulnerable

（6）

climaticchange.Africahaswarmedby0.5°Conaverageinthe

pasthalfcentury,andmayheatby1.5-4°Cmorethiscentury.Heathitscerealyields(speciallymaize),perhapsby10-20%fora1*Crise.Rainfallpatternswillalsoshift.

ThehardestevidenceforalinksofarcomesfromateamledbyMarshallBurkeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,whichstudiedAfricanwarsfrom1980to2002andfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarcindeedassociatedwithcropfailure,economicdeclineandasharpriseinthelikelihoodofwar.Itpredicteda“50%increase”inthechanceofcivilwarinAfricaby2030.

Butthatclaimisnowheavilyrevised,sinceresearchersredidtheirsumstotakeaccountofthemorepeacefulperiodof2002-08.Otherssaythatpoliticalandotherfactorssuchasethnicconflictandoutsideinterventionarefarbetterindicatorsofthelikelihoodoffighting.

TakethewidelycitedcaseofthewarinDarfur,thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,

theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis,arisingatleast（7）partfrom

climatechange”.EnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight,offeringgristtothosewhocallclimatechangea“threatmultiplier5，.Averagerainfallintheregionfellabruptly(byathirdormore)intheearly1970sandDarfurrepeatedlysuffereddroughts.Clashesovergrazingandthendisplacementofvillagerswerefollowed,from2003,byhorrificwar.

Yettheconnectioniselusive.Roughlythreedecadeselapsedbetweentherainstoppingandwarstarting.Manyotherfactorspolitical,ethnic,demographicandeconomicconspiredtostokeviolence.ThosewerespecifictoDarfur,whereasthesharpdropinrainfallhitthewholeSahel,withoutintensifyingconflictelsewhere.

AnothercommonlycitedexampleisviolentcompetitionforscarcegrazingbetweennomadicherdsmenintheHomofAfrica.YetastudyoffightingamongpastoralistsontheborderbetweenKenyaandSomaliainthepast60years(presentedattheconference)showedinsteadthatconflictworsenedwhengrazingwasabundantandfell

（

8）

droughts.Hungrypeoplewaretoobusystayingalive,ortooexhausted,tofight.Bycontrast,whenrainsmadeherdsmen’sliveseasier,theycouldreleasesurplusyounglaborfortheviolentsportofraidingothergroups.

Otherresearcherslookatthepoliticalormilitaryconsequencesofphenomenaunrelatedtoweather,suchasrapidurbanization,migrationorearthquakes.Yettheevidenceheretooismixed（9）

best.Wherenaturaldisastersdoshowpredictablepoliticaloutcomes,theyareveryslight.

Astudyoftheshort-termimpactofhurricanesonHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicfrom1850-2007,forexample,suggeststhatthestormshavegrownmoreintense(ifnotmorefrequent),buttheirarrivalisnotassociatedwithmompoliticalviolence.Anotherstudyshowedthatnaturaldisastersusuallyproducedshort-termeconomicpainbutnosignofincreasedpoliticalviolence.Earthquakes,too,tendtoproducemixedoutcomes.AMexicanquakein1985mayhavestokedaninsui^ency.Butthetsunamiof2005offeredamomentforsecessionistsinAcehandthecentralIndonesiangovernmenttoco-operateClimatechangecouldindeedcausewoesaplenty.Thatisallthemorereasontobeprecise

（10）

them.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

scaremonger(inparag