書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Andgivingshouldbestrategicphilanthropyshouldnotsimplyrespondtoneedsbutshouldlookforinvestmentopportunitiesthatyieldsignificancereturns.

2.Whatremainspertinentisthereport’svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.

3.Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,whichmeansthatwemust,forthebenefitofcominggenerations,leaveenoughenvironmentalspacesothatthesegenerationswillbeabletoaddresstheirneedsandfulfilltheiraspirations.

4.ThethreatoftheColdWarwasaprimedrivingforceleadingtotheexpansionofU.S.science,nationallabsandacademicinstitutions.

5.Itisworthnotingthatpreventivemeasuresinvolvingsmokinganddietareconvenientlysimilarforcancerandheartdisease;oneexceptionisalcoholariskfactorfortheformer,apreventiveforthelater.

【答案】1.捐贈(zèng)也應(yīng)講策略——慈善事業(yè)應(yīng)該不單是應(yīng)人之需，而應(yīng)該覓尋投資機(jī)會(huì)，以求產(chǎn)生可觀的回報(bào)。

2.該報(bào)告對(duì)政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，包括他的主張，即聯(lián)邦政府既有權(quán)力也有義務(wù)支持基礎(chǔ)研究。

3.這種需要體現(xiàn)在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念中，這意味著為了后代的利益，我們必須留下足夠的環(huán)境空間，以滿足他們的需要，施展抱負(fù)。

4.冷戰(zhàn)的威脅曾是一個(gè)主要的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，它導(dǎo)致了美國(guó)科學(xué)、國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室以及學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)團(tuán)體的擴(kuò)張。

5.值得注意的是，癌癥和心臟病的預(yù)防措施與吸煙和飲食很相似;一個(gè)例外是酒精——癌癥的危險(xiǎn)因子，但卻是心臟病的預(yù)防因子。

2.翻譯題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternational

marketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthe

membersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariable

language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,

technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,an

internationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.

Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearnedanditsinterpretation

comesonlythroughexperience.

——onehasto

liveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwith

culturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,

followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisa

factoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusiness

approachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineach

countryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant,thecriticalquestioncenters

aroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternational

manageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaoreven

blindness.

【答案】文化是國(guó)際市場(chǎng)中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素之一。特定社會(huì)成員的這種習(xí)得行為模式系統(tǒng)是由一系列動(dòng)態(tài)變化的語(yǔ)言、宗教、價(jià)值觀和習(xí)俗、美學(xué)、技術(shù)、教育和社會(huì)制度不斷塑造而成的。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)，國(guó)際經(jīng)理需要真實(shí)的文化和用于解釋文化的知識(shí)。在某種程度上，事實(shí)知識(shí)可以習(xí)得，而文化的解釋只能來(lái)源于經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

在處理文化環(huán)境的問(wèn)題時(shí)，最復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題是來(lái)自于一個(gè)人無(wú)法學(xué)到文化——他必須置身其中。商業(yè)世界中存在著兩種關(guān)于如何處理文化多樣性的思想流派。一種是認(rèn)為全世界的商業(yè)都是公事公辦，像百事和麥當(dāng)勞一樣。在某些情況下，全球化是無(wú)法改變的事實(shí)，然而，文化差異還遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有融合。

另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，企業(yè)必須根據(jù)不同的文化來(lái)調(diào)整經(jīng)營(yíng)模式。在每個(gè)國(guó)家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植，關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題在于接受與否。國(guó)際經(jīng)理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是確保拒絕接受不是文化近視甚至眼盲的結(jié)果。

3.填空題

MakingEveryDropCount

AThehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasinglyremotesources,leadingtosophisticatedengineeringeffortssuchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

BDuringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedtocontrolfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydropowerbroughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.

CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture,despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedinNovember2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidencesuggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.

DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes—oftenwithlittlewarningorcompensation—tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.GroundwateraquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsofIndia,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveledtoviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.

EAttheoutsetofthenewmillennium,however,thewayresourceplannersthinkaboutwaterisbeginningtochange.Thefocusisslowlyshiftingbacktotheprovisionofbasichumanandenvironmentalneedsastoppriorityensuring‘someforall’，insteadof‘moreforsome’.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.Thisshiftinphilosophyhasnotbeenuniversallyaccepted,anditcomeswithstrongoppositionformsomeestablishedwaterorganizations.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.

FFortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted.Asaresult,thepressuretobuildnewwaterinfrastructureshasdiminishedoverthepasttwodecades.Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.Andinafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.

GWhatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.Throughoutthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury,thequantityoffreshwaterconsumedperpersondoubledonaverage;intheUSA，waterwithdrawalsincreasedtenfoldwhilethepopulationquadrupled.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.In1965,forinstance,Japanusedapproximately13milliongallonsofwatertoproduce$1millionofcommercialoutput;by1989thishaddroppedto3.5milliongallons(evenaccountingforinflation)—almostaquadruplingofwaterproductivity.IntheUSA,waterwithdrawalshavefallenbymorethan20%fromtheirpeakin1980.

HOntheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavetobebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.

【答案】1.xi

2.vii

3.v

4.i

5.ix

6.ii

7.x

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.”，人類(lèi)文明史與我們學(xué)會(huì)如何運(yùn)用水資源的歷史交織在一起。第一段最后列舉了羅馬帝國(guó)時(shí)期對(duì)水資源的控制，建立了發(fā)達(dá)的水利系統(tǒng)，給羅馬人提供了充足的水。可判斷出A段的主要內(nèi)容為古代的供水系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)xi符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段，“morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday”，超過(guò)10億人缺乏干凈的飲用水，約25億人沒(méi)有足夠的衛(wèi)生凈水設(shè)備。據(jù)估計(jì)，每天1萬(wàn)至2萬(wàn)名兒童死于與水有關(guān)的可預(yù)防疾病。可判斷出C段的主要內(nèi)容為水和健康之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。選項(xiàng)vii符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第四段，“Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.”，超過(guò)20%的淡水魚(yú)物種現(xiàn)在受到威脅或?yàn)l臨滅絕，因?yàn)榇髩魏腿∷茐牧怂鼈冑?lài)以生存的自由流動(dòng)的河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。本段還列舉了更多因?yàn)樾藿ㄋ到y(tǒng)而帶來(lái)的環(huán)境影響，可判斷D段的主要內(nèi)容為環(huán)境問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)v符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第五段，“Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities”，一些水資源專(zhuān)家現(xiàn)在要求以更明智的方式使用現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，而不是建設(shè)新的設(shè)施，下文繼續(xù)強(qiáng)調(diào)了專(zhuān)家們?cè)谟^念上和措施上提出的轉(zhuǎn)變?？膳袛喑鯡段的主要內(nèi)容為科學(xué)家們呼吁對(duì)政策進(jìn)行改變。選項(xiàng)i符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第六段，“Fortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted…inafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.”，出乎意料的是，對(duì)水的需求并沒(méi)有像一些人預(yù)測(cè)的那樣迅速增長(zhǎng)。在世界上的一些地方，對(duì)水的需求實(shí)際上已經(jīng)下降?？膳袛喑鯢段主要提到了人們對(duì)水的需求出現(xiàn)了令人驚訝的下降趨勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)ix符合題意。

6.根據(jù)文章第七段，“Whatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.”，如何解釋對(duì)水資源的需求下降（上一段已提及）的這一顯著的轉(zhuǎn)變？?jī)蓚€(gè)因素：人們已經(jīng)知道如何更有效地用水，并且正在重新考慮他們用水的優(yōu)先次序。可判斷出G段主要對(duì)上一段提到的水資源需求下降的解釋。選項(xiàng)ii符合題意。

7.根據(jù)文章第八段，“Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.”，與過(guò)去相比，這些項(xiàng)目必須按照更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建造，必須考慮到當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窦捌洵h(huán)境影響。可判斷出人們對(duì)水資源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)提出了更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。選項(xiàng)x符合題意。

4.單選題

Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman:he（

）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presided

B.administered

C.mastered

D.executed

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。presideover“主持”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

IX.ForensicAppraisal

ManycriminalprocedurescholarswhovaguelyfollowedtheKingcasehadahardtimeunderstandingwhatthefusswasabout.Theirpositionmightbesummedupbythemajority’sassertionthat“DNAidentificationisanadvancedtechniquesuperiortofingerprintinginmanyways,somuchsothattoinsistonfingerprintsasthenormwouldmakelittlesensetoeithertheforensicexpertoralayperson.”ConsideringthattheFBIdatabasecontainsover100millionsetsoffingerprints,andthatitprocessedmorethan61millionten-printsubmissionsin2010alone,thisequationofDNAidentificationwithfingerprinttechnologysuggestsabrightfutureforlawenforcement’sDNAcollectionpractices.Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?

ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.Inshort,thepriorPartarguesthattheKingopinioncanbereadasanembraceofexpansiveforensicDNAtesting.

KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy,butsimplyanexpressionoftheCourt’slackofsolicitudeforthoseentangledinthecriminaljusticesystem.ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatfingerprintis___andDNAis___.

2.WhichoneisNOTamisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtyping?

3.TheauthorthinksthattheKingcase___.

4.FromwhichofthefollowingcanyouseethattheauthorthinksthattheissuefortheCourtwasnotthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen”?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.genetic,biometric

B.biometric,genetic

C.genetic,genetictoo

D.biometric,biometrictoo

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.DNAtypingwillnotbeofconcerntoordinarypeople.

B.ThemoreDNAsamplesfromindividualsarecollected,morecrimeswillbesolved.

C.Policewillnotlookintosensitiveorprivategeneticinformation.

D.AlotofcrimeswillbesolvedifmoreDNAsamplesarecollectedfromknownindividuals.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsampling

B.astatementaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees

C.acasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrant

D.isadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.

B.ConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee.

C.TheConstitutionpermitsthestatetoimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacy.

D.TheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?（那么，如果警方擁有的是數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的基因資料，而不是生物特征資料，會(huì)有什么不同呢?）可以推測(cè)出DNA信息為基因資料，指紋信息為生物特征資料，選B選項(xiàng)“生物特征識(shí)別的；基因的”；A選項(xiàng)“基因的；生物特征識(shí)別的”，C選項(xiàng)“基因的；基因的”，D選項(xiàng)“生物特征識(shí)別的；生物特征識(shí)別的”都不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到原文第二段ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.（本部分論述了貫穿金觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)于法醫(yī)DNA分型的三個(gè)誤解：首先，DNA分型只會(huì)引起罪犯的關(guān)注；第二，警方不會(huì)調(diào)查敏感或私人的基因信息，法律保護(hù)不被濫用；第三，從已知個(gè)體中收集更多的DNA樣本將破獲很多犯罪）可知A選項(xiàng)“普通人不會(huì)關(guān)心DNA分型”，C選項(xiàng)“警方不會(huì)調(diào)查敏感或私人的基因信息”以及D選項(xiàng)“如果從已知的個(gè)體中收集更多的DNA樣本，很多犯罪將會(huì)被解決”和原文對(duì)應(yīng)；B選項(xiàng)“從個(gè)人身上收集的DNA樣本越多，偵破的案件就越多”原文未提及。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.（King可能被看作是一個(gè)關(guān)于DNA取樣的法律地位的聲明，而不是關(guān)于被捕者的法律地位）可知選A選項(xiàng)“是關(guān)于DNA取樣的法律地位的聲明”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于被逮捕者的法律地位的聲明”和原文相悖；第三段ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.（它可以被簡(jiǎn)單地看作是薩姆森訴加州案的自然結(jié)果，在這個(gè)案件中，基于假釋者作為有條件自由的主體地位的下降，在沒(méi)有搜查令或懷疑的情況下對(duì)他們進(jìn)行隨機(jī)搜查是合理的）可知C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)沒(méi)有搜查令就對(duì)假釋犯進(jìn)行隨機(jī)搜查的案件”錯(cuò)誤，薩姆森訴加州案才是一個(gè)沒(méi)有搜查令就對(duì)假釋犯進(jìn)行隨機(jī)搜查的案件；第三段Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy（在這段講述中，金并不是一個(gè)對(duì)基因隱私普遍不感興趣的宣言）可知D選項(xiàng)“是對(duì)基因隱私普遍不感興趣的聲明”和原文相悖。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段末ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.（但是，如果決定最高法院的問(wèn)題是被逮捕者應(yīng)得到比“一般公民”更少的保護(hù)，那么似乎最高法院可以?xún)H以這些理由作為其意見(jiàn)的依據(jù)。換句話說(shuō)，最高法院可以說(shuō)，“DNA檢測(cè)是對(duì)身體完整性的嚴(yán)重而重大的侵犯。但是，當(dāng)涉及到被捕者時(shí)，憲法允許國(guó)家以足夠令人信服的利益侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面。因此，《憲法》允許對(duì)被逮捕者進(jìn)行DNA取樣，盡管所涉入侵的情況很?chē)?yán)重?！彼究梢詫⑦@一觀點(diǎn)作為只適用于已定罪的罪犯和被逮捕者的絕對(duì)例外加以隔離，并宣布守法公眾的DNA是不可侵犯的。）可知選B選項(xiàng)“憲法允許對(duì)被捕者進(jìn)行DNA取樣”，原文所說(shuō)是憲法允許國(guó)家以足夠令人信服的利益侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面，C選項(xiàng)“憲法允許國(guó)家侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面”和原文有偏差；A選項(xiàng)“DNA測(cè)試是對(duì)身體完整性的嚴(yán)重而重要的侵犯”和D選項(xiàng)“法院本可以?xún)H以這些理由作為其意見(jiàn)的依據(jù)”是在最高法院的問(wèn)題是被逮捕者應(yīng)得到比“一般公民”更少的保護(hù)的情況下成立，和題目相悖。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thedramaawardsprovidea(n)（）foryoungpeopletoimprovetheirperformingskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.captive

B.fugitive

C.initiative

D.incentive

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)captive“俘虜，迷戀者”；B選項(xiàng)fugitive“逃亡者，難捕捉之物”；C選項(xiàng)initiative“主動(dòng)權(quán)，首創(chuàng)精神”；D選項(xiàng)incentive“動(dòng)機(jī)，刺激”。句意“戲劇獎(jiǎng)能夠激勵(lì)年輕人提高他們的表演技巧?！边x項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymbolof（

）love.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.successive

B.consecutive

C.eternal

D.insistent

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)successive“連續(xù)的，繼承的”；B選項(xiàng)consecutive“連貫的，連續(xù)不斷的”；C選項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”；D選項(xiàng)insistent“堅(jiān)持的，迫切的”。句子的前半句意思是“因?yàn)閳A沒(méi)有起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)”，后半句是句子的主干部分，of后面由“l(fā)ove愛(ài)”組成所有格結(jié)構(gòu)。這里需要填入一個(gè)形容詞，表示“永遠(yuǎn)的，永恒的”才符合句子意思，句意為：因?yàn)閳A沒(méi)有起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)，所以婚戒被當(dāng)作永恒愛(ài)情的象征。故正確答案為C。

8.單選題

Inthefaceofunexpecteddifficulties,hedemonstratedatalentforquick,_____action.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.determining

B.defensive

C.demanding

D.decisive

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。determining（使）下決心,（使）做出決定的；defensive自衛(wèi)的；demanding苛求的，吃力的；decisive決定性的，果斷的,堅(jiān)定的。句意：面對(duì)意想不到的困難，他表現(xiàn)出了隨機(jī)應(yīng)變、迅速?zèng)Q斷的能力。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Maryhasbrownhair.Infact,it’squitesimilarinshape______yours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.like

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞辨析。similar后面要求跟to，表示“和……差不多”。與with連用，可以是thesamecasewith...，表示“……的情況也如此”。like作介詞，表示“像……一樣”。same后面跟as，組成thesame...as，表示“和……一樣”。句意：瑪麗有棕色的頭發(fā)。事實(shí)上，和你的很相似。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Ultimately,thecaseprovedtohavenothingtodowithhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Remarkably

B.Presumably

C.Noticeably

D.Eventually

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Remarkably顯著地B.Presumably大概；想必

C.Noticeably明顯地D.Eventually最終

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析

【解題思路】原詞Ultimately“最終”，D選項(xiàng)Eventually“最終”與之語(yǔ)義最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原文語(yǔ)義。

【句意】最終證明這一案件與他無(wú)關(guān)。

11.單選題

Sincetheislandsoilhasbeenbarrenforsomanyyears,thenativesmustnow________muchoftheirfood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliver

B.import

C.produce

D.develop

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deliver“交付，遞送”；import“輸入，進(jìn)口”；produce“生產(chǎn)，引起”；develop“發(fā)展，進(jìn)步”。句意：由于島上的土壤多年來(lái)一直貧瘠，當(dāng)?shù)厝爽F(xiàn)在必須進(jìn)口大多數(shù)食物。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Writeacompositionofabout250wordstoexpressyourownopinionsonthefollowingtopic:

HowtoProtectIntellectualPropertyRightsinDoingAcademicResearch

Notes:Inthefirstpartofyourwriting,youshouldstateclearlythethesisstatement(i.e.yourmainargument),andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】略

13.單選題

Similarcutsare（

）atStanford,whichisplanningtoslash$43millionoverthenexttwoyears.AndColumbiaUniversity,whichfacesa$50milliondeficit,willprobablyfollowsuit,althoughtheheadsof26arts-and-sciencesdepartmentshavethreatenedtoquitifthecutbacksaretooharsh.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lurking

B.looming

C.sagging

D.soaring

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lurk“潛伏；埋伏”；B選項(xiàng)loom“赫然出現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)sag“下跌；松弛；萎靡”；D選項(xiàng)soar“激增；高飛；升空”。句意：斯坦福大學(xué)也……類(lèi)似的削減，計(jì)劃在未來(lái)兩年內(nèi)削減4300萬(wàn)美元。面臨5000萬(wàn)美元赤字的哥倫比亞大學(xué)(ColumbiaUniversity)可能也會(huì)效仿，盡管26個(gè)藝術(shù)和科學(xué)院系的負(fù)責(zé)人威脅稱(chēng)，如果削減幅度過(guò)大，他們將辭職。由句意可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Igotupsolatethismorning1hadtocookupsomeexcuseaboutmycarbreakingdown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiate

B.challenge

C.invent

D.appreciate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.initiate開(kāi)始；發(fā)起B(yǎng).challenge挑戰(zhàn)

C.invent發(fā)明；編造D.appreciate欣賞；賞識(shí)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞someexcuse（一些借口）可知，cookup表示“編造”的意思，C項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】我今天早上起得這么晚，我不得不編造一些借口，說(shuō)我的車(chē)壞了。

15.翻譯題

1.Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remembertheme,youletpeopleknowthatyouhaveawell-definedandthought-outpointofview.

2.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthe

factthatonecannotlearnculture-onehastoliveit.

3.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingI

havetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.

4.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.

【答案】1.當(dāng)你建立一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔、容易記住的主題時(shí)，你讓人們知道你有一個(gè)明確的且深思熟慮的觀點(diǎn)。

2.在處理文化環(huán)境中最復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題來(lái)自這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)即一個(gè)人不能學(xué)習(xí)那種文化卻又不得不生活在那樣的環(huán)境里。

3.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己轉(zhuǎn)身撂下一份工作，或放在一堆要做的事情之后，我把桌上的一切清理干凈，然后著手攻克一個(gè)有異議的項(xiàng)目。

4.但就在最近幾年，它變得幾乎難以置信的復(fù)雜，充滿了奇怪的部分，其功能也超出了今日的想象力。

16.單選題

（

）studentsshouldbemotivatedbyakeeninterestintheatreandshouldhavesomefamiliaritywithplaysinproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Prospective

B.Responsible

C.Ethnic

D.Realistic

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。Prospective未來(lái)的，預(yù)期的；Responsible負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的；Ethnic種族的；Realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的。

句意：未來(lái)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該對(duì)戲劇有濃厚的興趣，并對(duì)戲劇創(chuàng)作有一定的了解。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

17.單選題

Youcannot

ignoranceasyourexcuse;youshouldhaveknownwhatwashappeningallalong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.referto

B.defend

C.plead

D.persistin

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。referto“參考，涉及”；defend“辯護(hù)；防護(hù)”；plead“借口”；persistin“堅(jiān)持；固執(zhí)于”。句意：你不能拿無(wú)知當(dāng)借口；你本就應(yīng)該知道發(fā)生了什么事情。

18.單選題

Thequalitiesofmyhometown,（）onmeasaboy,hadaprofoundeffectonthephilosophythatdirectedmycareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havingimpressed

B.impressed

C.impressing

D.tobeimpressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)。填空處句子為插入語(yǔ)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)需完整，所以要用分詞或者動(dòng)名詞形成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D。impress和me之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用分詞，選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：家鄉(xiāng)的文化特色給童年時(shí)代的我留下了深刻的印象，對(duì)指導(dǎo)我職業(yè)生涯的哲學(xué)思想產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

19.單選題

Beforetakingastandardizedtest,oneshould（）himselforherselfwithalltheitemsthatconstitutethetestpaper.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquaint

B.fascinate

C.acquit

D.familiar

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquaint“使熟悉，使認(rèn)識(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)fascinate“使著迷，使神魂顛倒”；C選項(xiàng)acquit“無(wú)罪釋放，表現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)familiar“熟悉的，常見(jiàn)的，親近的”。句意：在參加標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試之前，考生應(yīng)該_____構(gòu)成試卷的所有項(xiàng)目。句子表達(dá)的是，在考試之前，要熟悉構(gòu)成試卷的項(xiàng)目，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Unenlightenedauthoritarianmanagersrarelyrecognizeacrucialreasonforthelowlevelsofseriousconflictamongmembersofdemocraticallyrunworkgroups:amodicumoftolerancefordissentoftenpreventsrift.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.demur

B.division

C.compliance

D.discern

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)demur“異議；反對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)division“除法；部門(mén)；分配；分裂；分割；賽區(qū)”；C選項(xiàng)compliance“順從，服從；符合；屈從；可塑性”；D選項(xiàng)discern僅可做動(dòng)詞，意為“覺(jué)察出；識(shí)別；了解；隱約看見(jiàn)；辨別”。句意：不開(kāi)明的獨(dú)裁管理者很少意識(shí)到民主管理的工作團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間嚴(yán)重沖突程度較低的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因：對(duì)異見(jiàn)的少量容忍往往可以防止出現(xiàn)裂痕。rift“裂縫；不和；裂口”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Thecontemporaryphenomenonofmotorcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseofindependenceandfreedomthatownership（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enrolls

B.entraps

C.enrages

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似動(dòng)詞辨析。enroll“登記，注冊(cè)”；entrap“使陷入羅網(wǎng)，欺騙”；enrage“激怒，使暴怒”；entail“需要；帶來(lái)”。句意：對(duì)于當(dāng)今崇尚汽車(chē)的現(xiàn)象，究其原因是有了車(chē)可以獨(dú)立自由行動(dòng)，不需要依賴(lài)別人。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.單選題

9.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Quitsmoking.

B.Gojoggingeverymorning.

C.Workoutinthegym.

D.Goonadiet.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whydon’tyoutrysmokingonecigarettelesseachday,aswellasgoingjoggingeverymorning?

M:Goodidea,butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice.I’msuretrainersatthegymwouldbeabletogivememoreprofessionaladvice.

W:Thatsoundsgood.Thereisonenearmycompany.Iamitsregularmember.

M:Really?Iwillgointohavealook.

Q:Whatisthemanmostlikelytodo?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說(shuō)：butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice（但我不想在街上慢跑，跑步機(jī)可能是更好的選擇），后來(lái)決定去健身房找專(zhuān)業(yè)人士咨詢(xún)。

23.單選題

OfallfiguresfromAmerica'spast,AbrahamLincolnisdearesttotheheartsoftheAmericanpeople.Infact,theadmirationtheyhaveforhimbordersonworship.WritersnotethattheLincolnMemorialinWashington,DCisnotunlikethetemplesthatancientGreeksbuiltinhonoroftheirgoods,andthatannualceremoniesofcelebratingLincoln'sbirthdayinschoolsandpublicplaceshavesometimeshadcharacteristicsofreligiousservices.CertainlyLincolnisAmerica'sidealofagreatleader.HehadmanyofthequalityofleadershipthatAmericansadmire.

Firstofall,Lincoln'scareerfitspopularAmericanbeliefthateverychildcandreamofbecomingpresident.Americansadmiretheperson——theonewho,withneithermoneynorfamilyinfluence,fightshisorherwaytothetop.Lincolnwasbomofpoorparents.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasyoung.Hehadlittleopportunityforschooling.Hisearlystudywasdonealoneatnightbythelightofafireplace.Hedidhardmanuallaborthroughtheday——splittingrailsforfences,takingcareoflivestock,workingonriverboat——orinstore.Butashegrewolderhestudiedlawinhissparetimeandbecamealawyer.Hewasagoodspeakerandstudentofpoliticalphilosophy.HisabilityfinallymadeanameforhimandeventuallyhebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates.

LincolnisalsoadmiredbecauseofhisleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheCivilWar.Hedaredtodowhathethoughtwasrightatatimewhenhisbeliefswereunpopularwithmanypeople.He,inasense,representsthespiritofunionamongthestates.BeforetheCivilwar,theeconomyoftheSouthdependedonanagriculturalsystemwhichmadeuseofslavelabor.Whenreformersinthenorthernstates,putpressureonCongressnottopermittosecedeorwithdraw,fromtheUnitedStates,theyarguedthatthequestionofslaverywasamatterfortheindividualstatestodecideratherthanthefederalgovernment,andtheydidnotwanttoacceptitsdecision.Thenationalgovernmentsaidthatnostatehadtherighttosecede,andtheCivilWarwastheresult.Ifthesouthhadwonthewar,whatistheUnitesStatesmightwellhavebeendividedintoseveralcountries.Lincolnworkedhardtopreservetheunion,andthenorthernstateswerevictorious.

Furthermore,Lincolnhadmanypersonalqualitiesthatmadehimdeartotheheartsofhiscountryman.Hehadinfinitepatienceandtoleranceforthosewhodisagreedwithhim.Aspresident,heappointed