書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南充科技職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Lovecan’tconquerall.So,beforecouplestietheknot,theyshouldknowwhatthey’regettinginto.Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether.

Asmuchasapersonlovesanother,heorsheneverreallyknowswhathappensbehindcloseddoorsunlessheorsheisstandingontheotherside.Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether.Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds.Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilitiesbeforesomeonerealizesheorshehasmarriedalazybum.

Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc.?

Oneofthelargestproblemsinmarriagesisthe“in”word:money.Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theylearnoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother.It’simportantforcouplestofigureoutbudgetprioritiesbeforetheyaremarried,andthisisdifficulttodounlessapersonhasbeensharingexpenseswithhisorherpartner.Ifcouplesdon’thavetheirfinancialissuesinorder,theyareboundtosurface,causingtroubleinthemarriage.

It’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher.Aspecialbondformsbetweenpeoplewhosharetheirlivingspace,theirpersonallongings,andtheirlivestogether.Somethingsyoujustdon’tknowuntilyou’velivedwithsomeone.

Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,likemosteverythingelseinthiscountry,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect.Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship.Butifarelationshipisgoingtoendit’sbetterforpeopletodiscoverthehardtruthbeforetheymarry.Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?Peoplemightwanttofindoutbeforetheymaketheseriousdecisiontomarry.

1.“Tietheknot”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,throughlivingtogether（）.

3.Tosomepeoplelivingtogetherbeforemarringisunacceptablebecause（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Animportantpointtheauthormadeinthispassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.gettingacquaintedwitheachother

B.datingeachother

C.livingtogetherbeforemarriage

D.gettingmarried

問題2選項

A.acouplecanreinforcetheirlove

B.acouplecanlearnwhoisbetteratdoingthehousework

C.acouplecansavesomemoneyfortheirmarriage

D.acouplecanknoweachotherintimately

問題3選項

A.itisimmoralandinappropriate

B.itmayendarelationshipmorequickly

C.itisashametothecouple’sparents

D.itwillcausemanysocialproblems

問題4選項

A.Livingtogetherbeforemarriageisnowmoreacceptablethanbefore.

B.Littlehouseholdchorescancausetroubleinone’smarriage.

C.Loveistheguaranteeofahappymarriage.

D.Newly-wedsoftenhasmanylifeimbalancestoface.

問題5選項

A.livingtogetherbeforemarriageissignificant;everycoupleshouldtryit

B.livingtogetherbeforemarriageisachoicethatshouldberespected

C.livingtogetheristhebestwaytobridgethegapsbetweenacouple

D.livingtogetherisasymbolofthemodernformofcivilization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:語義題。根據題干定位至第一段:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(人們對婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來越多的人在同居幾個月甚至幾年后說“我愿意”)，由此可知tietheknot指“結婚”，因此D項正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:夫妻能牢固他們的愛情。第六段指出:Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship(同居可以是一種積極的經歷，日后會鞏固婚姻，但也可以是結束一段關系的事情)。因此A項不正確。B:夫妻可以了解誰更擅長做家務。第二段指出:Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilities...(通過同居，夫妻可以解決這些責任分配的不平衡…)，此說法并不能推斷出B項，因此B項錯誤。C:夫妻能為他們的婚姻存一些錢。第四段指出:Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theyleanoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother(如果夫妻在婚前同居，他們會互相依賴對方的儲蓄和消費方式。通過削減開支，人們不僅學會了如何控制每個人的錢袋，而且學會了如何相互討論財務問題)。由此可知C項不正確。D:一對夫妻可以親密地了解彼此。根據題干關鍵詞livingtogether定位到第五段:it’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher(不和他或她住在一起，就很難親密地了解對方)，因此D項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵詞unacceptable定位至第二段以及第六段。第二段指出:Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether(雖然有些人認為婚前同居是不道德的，但事實上，夫妻們正在通過同居來擴展關系)。第六段指出:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認為婚前同居不合適，但這是每個人都應該尊重的選擇)。由此可知A項“不道德也不合適”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:與過去相比，現在人們更能接受婚前同居了。第一段第二句指出:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(對婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來越多的人在同居幾個月甚至幾年后說“我愿意”)。因此A項正確。B:家務瑣事會給婚姻帶來麻煩。第二段第三句指出:Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds(例如，家務責任的劃分可能是新婚夫婦的一個大事)。因此B項正確。C:愛是美滿婚姻的保證。第六段第四句指出:Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?(即使兩個人彼此相愛，喜歡共度時光，但真正的問題是，你們能一起生活嗎？)。因此C項與原文不符且過于絕對。D:新婚夫婦經常面臨許多生活不平衡的問題。第三段指出:Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc(這似乎是一個小問題，但是有多少女人和男人從來沒有想過他們會是唯一做飯、洗碗、吸塵、忙碌、擦洗、消毒、洗衣服、除塵等的人)。因此D項正確。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。體現作者觀點態(tài)度的句子可參考第六段:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認為婚前同居是不合適的，但這是每個人都應該尊重的選擇)，因此B項“婚前同居是一個應該被尊重的選擇”正確。

2.單選題

Afterconsideringvariousalternatives,wedecidedto______ouroriginalplan.

問題1選項

A.hangon

B.holdto

C.taketo

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項hangon“堅持下去，握住不放”，尤指不掛上電話以等待想要的或要求的事物；B項holdto“堅持，緊握”，指堅持某個看法或路線；C項taketo“喜歡，開始從事”，D項seeto“注意，負責”。根據關鍵詞originalplan“原來的計劃”結合前半句句子意思“在考慮了各種替代方案后”可知，空格部分表示“堅持”，所以只有B項符合語境。句意：考慮了各種可選擇的方案后，我們決定堅持原來的計劃。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

3.單選題

Thelawyerbrowbeatthewitnessintoconfessinghehadseenthecrimecommitted.

問題1選項

A.talked

B.forced

C.caressed

D.intimidated

【答案】D

【解析】句意：律師恫嚇證人承認他目睹了犯罪。browbeat意為恫嚇，嚇唬。只有選項D與之意思相近。

4.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.

問題1選項

A.abundantly

B.intensely

C.densely

D.intensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項abundantly“豐富地，大量地”；B選項intensely“強烈地”；C選項densely“濃密地，密集地”；D選項intensively“集中地，廣泛地”。根據句中的關鍵詞“than”可知，前后形成對比。句意：住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”，所以選項C正確。

5.單選題

Theselfishpeoplearemainly（）withwhattheycanpersonallygetoutoftheorganization.

問題1選項

A.impervious

B.concerned

C.scandalous

D.suspicious

【答案】B

【解析】句意:自私的人主要關心自己個人能從組織中得到什么東西。

考查形容詞辨析。impervious不受影響的，無動于衷的，不能滲透的；concerned有關的，關心的；scandalous可恥的；suspicious可疑的，懷疑的，多疑的。Beconcernedwith關心…。故選B。

6.單選題

Thechild’sparentswere______intoacceptingthedemandofthekidnappers.

問題1選項

A.pleaded

B.intoxicated

C.intimidated

D.besieged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項plead“借口，為……辯護，托稱”，B項intoxicate“（酒或毒品）（使）麻醉，（使）中毒”，C項intimidate“恐嚇，威脅，脅迫”，D項besiege“圍困，包圍，煩擾”。由kidnappers“綁匪”可知，空格處填入“恐嚇”符合語境。句意：孩子的父母受到恐嚇而接受了綁架者的要求。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

7.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（

）.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

問題2選項

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

問題3選項

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

問題4選項

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

問題5選項

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現在，一份解雇通知書、一個糟糕的診斷，或者配偶的消失，都可能在幾個月內把一個穩(wěn)定的中產階級家庭變成一個新的貧困家庭。”由此可知C選項“他們更容易受家庭經濟情況變化的影響”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在過去一年的大部分時間里，布什總統(tǒng)致力于將社會保障轉變?yōu)閮π钯~戶模式，即退休人員將他們的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根據投資回報進行交易。”由此可知B選項“不安全的薪酬”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段“Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.醫(yī)療保健的絕對成本和家庭承擔的份額都上升了，而且新流行的醫(yī)療儲蓄計劃正從立法機構蔓延到沃爾瑪員工，免賠額大大提高，家庭未來醫(yī)療保健的投資風險也增加了。”由此可知D選項“增加家庭的投資風險”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.金融方面的影響已經開始，政治方面的影響可能也不遠了。”由此可知C選項“經濟問題可能會帶來政治問題”正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章講述美國中產階級家庭已經被經濟風險和新的現實所改變，面臨著一系列危機，由此可判斷B項“中產階級在懸崖上”符合題意。

8.單選題

Asisknowntoall,thePopeisthe（）leaderoftheRomeCatholicChurch.

問題1選項

A.ultimate

B.utmost

C.superior

D.supreme

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項ultimate“最終的，極限的”；B選項utmost“極度的，最遠的”；C選項superior“上級的，優(yōu)秀的，出眾的”；D選項supreme“最高的，極大的”。句意：眾所周知，教皇是羅馬天主教會的最高領袖。由選項意思和句意可知，D選項符合句意。

9.單選題

Inprotest,blacksand（）whitessatatthecountersoftheserestaurantsandrefusedtomoveuntiltheywereserved.

問題1選項

A.sensible

B.indifferent

C.influential

D.sympathetic

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。sensible"明智的,合情理的";indifferent"不關心的,冷淡的,中立的";influential"有影響的,有權勢的";sympathetic"同情的，贊同的"。句意：在抗議活動中,黑人和那些支持抗議行為的白人坐在餐館的柜臺上,拒絕離開，直到他們得到服務。選項D符合句意。

10.單選題

Manyoldhouseshavebeen（

）inorderthatnewbigbuildingsmaybebuilt.

問題1選項

A.leveled

B.collapsed

C.demolished

D.felled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。level“使同等；對準；弄平”；collapse“倒塌；瓦解”，一般做不及物動詞，無被動形式；demolish“拆除；破壞”；fell“砍伐；打倒；擊倒”。句意：為了修建新的建筑，很多老房子被拆除了。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

In（

）ofMr.Mainwaring’syearsofservice,thecompanypresentedhimwithagoldwatch.

問題1選項

A.contradiction

B.appreciation

C.confrontation

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】根據下文可以推測,這是為了表達感謝,所以選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

ThemysteryoftheexpansionofseaicearoundAntarctica,atthesametimeasglobalwarmingismeltingswathsofArcticseaice,hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.

TwodecadesofmeasurementsshowthatchangingwindpatternsaroundAntarcticahavecausedasmallincreaseinseaice,theresultofcoldwindsoffthecontinentblowingiceawayfromthecoastline.“Untilnowthesechangesinicedriftwereonlyspeculateduponusingcomputermodels,”saidPaulHollandattheBritishAntarcticSurvey.“Ourstudyofdirectsatelliteobservationsshowsthecomplexityofclimatechange.”TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.”

Theextentofseaiceisofglobalimportancebecausethebrighticereflectssunlightfarmorethantheocean,meaningtemperaturerisesstillfurther.ThissummersawarecordlowinArcticseaicesincesatellitemeasurementsbegan30yearsago.Hollandsaidthechangingpatternofseaiceatbothpoleswouldalsoaffectglobaloceancirculation,withunknowneffects.HenotedthatwhileAntarcticseaicewasgrowing,theAntarcticicecap—theglacierandsnowpackonthecontinentwaslosingmass,withthefreshwaterflowingintotheocean.

TheresearchonAntarcticseaice,publishedinNatureGeoscience,revealedlargeregionalvariations.InplaceswherewarmwindsblowingfromthetropicstowardsAntarcticahadbecomestronger,seaicewasbeinglostrapidly.“Insomeareas,suchastheBellingshausenSea,theseaiceisbeinglostasfastasintheArctic,”saidHolland.

Butinotherareas,seaicewasbeingaddedasseawaterleftbehindicebeingblownawayfromthecoastfroze.Theneteffectisthattherehasbeenanextra17,000sqkmofseaiceeachyearsince1978—aboutatenthofapercentofthemaximumseaicecover.

Antarcticaisacontinentsurroundedbyanocean,whereastheArcticisanoceansurroundedbyacontinent.Forthatreason,saidHolland,seaicewasnotabletoexpandbythesamemechanismintheArcticasatthesouthernpole,becauseifwindspushedtheiceawayfromthepoleitquicklyhitland.

HollanddidtheresearchwithRonKwokatNasa’sjetpropulsionlaboratoryinCalifornia,wheremapsofseaicemovementswerecreatedfrommorethan5mindividualdailymeasurementscollectedover19years.Themapsshowed,forthefirsttime,thelong-termchangesinseaicedriftaroundAntarctica.Kwoksaid:“TheAntarcticseaicecoverinteractswiththeglobalclimatesystemverydifferentlythanthatoftheArctic,andtheseresultshighlightthesensitivityoftheAntarcticicecoveragetochangesinthestrengthofthewindaroundthecontinent.”

1.Thecontradictionofchangesinseaicecoverageatbothpoleshasbeenmadeclearby______.

2.AccordingtowhatHollandsaid,wecandrawtheconclusionthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistobeblamedforthemeltingseaice?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.datacollectedfromsatellites

B.twenty-year’smeasurements

C.computermodels

D.theBritishAntarcticSurvey

問題2選項

A.wecanrelyonsatellitetoestimatechangesinicedrift

B.hisresearchresultsconflictwithglobalwarming

C.thelocationofBellingshausenSeaisaroundtheAntarctic

D.theAntarcticicecoverageissensitivetochangesinwindstrength

問題3選項

A.TheArcticislosingseaiceasquicklyastheAntarctic.

B.TheAntarcticislosingseaicemuchfasterthantheArctic.

C.WhilesomeregionsoftheAntarcticaregainingseaice,otherregionsofitarelosingseaice.

D.SeaiceisbeinglostintheArctic,nottheAntarctic.

問題4選項

A.Thewindfromthenorth.

B.Theglobalwarming.

C.Ecologicalunbalance.

D.Unknownfactors.

問題5選項

A.Effectivemeasurestocurbglobalwarmingarenotdiscussedinthepassage.

B.Themilitarysatellitesplayaveryimportantroleininvestigatingtheriseofsealevel.

C.TheArcticsealevelisatarecordlow.

D.Theauthorfindsasolutiontothelosingseaice.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段第一句ThemysteryoftheexpansionofseaicearoundAntarctica,atthesametimeasglobalwarmingismeltingswathsofArcticseaice,hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.（在全球變暖導致北極海冰融化的同時，南極洲周圍海冰的擴張之謎已經通過美國軍事衛(wèi)星的數據得到了解決。）A選項“從衛(wèi)星收集的數據”，文章第一段提到，南極洲周圍海冰擴張，美國衛(wèi)星的數據解決了這個問題，因此A選項正確。B選項“20年的測量”，文章所說，20年來的測量表明，南極洲周圍不斷變化的風模式導致了海冰的小幅增加，B選項可排除。C選項“計算機模型”，文章所說，冰川漂移的變化只是通過計算機模型推測出來的，而不是海冰覆蓋范圍，可排除C選項。D選項“英國南極考察隊”，文章沒有提到這個內容，可排除D選項。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。D選項“南極冰的覆蓋范圍對風力強度的變化很敏感”，文章最后一段提到Antarcticicecoveragetochangesinthestrengthofthewindaroundthecontinent.（這些結果突出了南極海冰覆蓋對大陸周圍風力強度變化的敏感性），D選項正確。選項A“我們可以依靠衛(wèi)星來估計冰漂移的變化”，可以定位到文章第二段第二句Untilnowthesechangesinicedriftwereonlyspeculateduponusingcomputermodels.（到目前為止，這些冰川漂移的變化只是通過計算機模型推測出來的），這些冰川漂移的變化只是通過計算機模型推測出來的，沒有提到衛(wèi)星可以估計冰漂移情況，A選項可排除。選項B“他的研究結果與全球變暖相矛盾”，文章第二段最后一句Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.（我們的研究結果與全球變暖并不矛盾），研究結果與全球變暖并不矛盾，可排除B選項。C選項“別林斯高森海位于南極附近”，文章并沒有提到此內容，可排除。因此D選項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。C選項“南極一些地區(qū)的海冰正在增加，而另一些地區(qū)的海冰卻在減少”，可以定位文章第二段第一句TwodecadesofmeasurementsshowthatchangingwindpatternsaroundAntarcticahavecausedasmallincreaseinseaice.（20年來的測量表明，南極洲周圍不斷變化的風模式導致了海冰的小幅增加），可推測南極洲周圍不斷變化的風模式導致了海冰的小幅增加，以及文章第四段最后一句Insomeareas,suchastheBellingshausenSea,theseaiceisbeinglostasfastasintheArctic.（在一些地區(qū)，比如別林斯高森海，海冰的消失速度和北極一樣快）。因此可知南極地區(qū)的海冰正在增加，其他地區(qū)的海冰正在減少，C選項正確。A選項“北極的海冰正在以和南極一樣快的速度消失”，文章第二段倒數第二句TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.（北極海冰融化的速度是南極海冰融化速度的五倍，所以平均而言，地球海冰融化的速度非常快），A選項可排除。B選項“南極海冰的融化速度比北極快得多”，文章第二段倒數第二句TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.（北極海冰融化的速度是南極海冰融化速度的五倍，所以平均而言，地球海冰融化的速度非常快），B選項可排除。D選項“海冰正在消失的是北極，而不是南極”，可定位到文章倒數第四段第二句InplaceswherewarmwindsblowingfromthetropicstowardsAntarcticahadbecomestronger,seaicewasbeinglostrapidly.（在從熱帶吹向南極洲的暖風變得更強的地方，海冰正在迅速消失），可排除D選項。因此C選項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文。B選項“全球變暖”，文章第二段最后一句Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.（我們的研究結果與全球變暖并不矛盾），研究結果與全球變暖并不矛盾，可推測海冰的消失與全球變暖脫不開關系，B選項為正確答案。A選項“來自北方的風”，文章所說，風會造成海冰的減少，也會造成海冰的增加，A選項可排除。C選項“生態(tài)不平衡”，文章沒有提到此內容，C選項可排除。D選項“未知因素”，文章已經有研究結果，不存在未知因素，D選項可排除。因此B選項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。D選項“作者找到了解決海冰融化的辦法”，作者并沒有找到解決海冰融化的辦法，海冰的消失作用于環(huán)境變化，作者不可能找到辦法，D選項正確。A選項“文章沒有討論遏制全球變暖的有效措施”，文章沒有提到解決全球變暖的辦法，可排除A選項。B選項“軍事衛(wèi)星在調查海平面上升方面起著非常重要的作用”，文章第一段最后一句hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.（南極洲周圍海冰的擴張之謎已經通過美國軍事衛(wèi)星的數據得到了解決），B選項正確，可排除。C選項“北極海平面處于歷史最低水平”，文章第三段第二句ThissummersawarecordlowinArcticseaicesincesatellitemeasurementsbegan30yearsago.（今年夏天，北極海冰數量創(chuàng)下了30年前衛(wèi)星測量以來的新低），可排除。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Don't（）thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

問題1選項

A.relieve

B.relate

C.release

D.retain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在我們通知你之前不要向公眾發(fā)布這個消息。

考查動詞辨析。Relieve解除，減輕，緩和；relate聯(lián)系，使有聯(lián)系；release釋放，放出；retain保持，持有，保留。因此C符合句意。

14.單選題

“Veryfewpeopleliketotalkabouthowmuchmoneytheymake—especiallypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,”wroteSalmoninhispostWhySalariesShouldn’tBeSecret,inthewakeofnewsthatrecently—departedNewYorkTimeseditorJillAbramsonhadstartedaskingquestionsaboutthepaydiscrepancybetweenherandherpredecessor.“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.”

Thereareseveralsurprisingreasons.“Secrecysurroundingpayisgenerallyabadideaforanyorganizations,”Salmonwrote.“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen,”Salmonwrote.“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.”

“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”

“Ifyouworkforacompanywhereeverybodyknowswhateverybodyelseisearning,thenit’sgoingtobeveryeasytoseewhat’sgoingon.You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.WhatisapossiblereasonwhymenusuallyearnmorethanwomenaccordingtoSalmon?

3.Theitalicizedphrase“playfavoriteswith”mostlikelymeansto______.

4.Anotherbigproblemsecrecyaboutpaymightcauseis______.

5.WhatdoesSalmonsuggestmighthappenifthereisnosecrecyinpay?

問題1選項

A.Salmonisthefirstwriterwhoputforwardthequestionofpaydiscrepancy.

B.JillAbramsonleftNewYorkTimeswhensheknewthatdifferenceinpay.

C.Managersseldomtalkabouttheirpaybecauseitisatraditionnotto.

D.JillAbramsondidn’tgetthesamepaywithsomeonewhodidthesamejob.

問題2選項

A.Menaremorelikelytogetthetrustoftheirboss.

B.Managerstendtothinkmenaremorecapablethanwomen.

C.Menexpectmorepressureonthebossforpayraisethanwomen.

D.Menaremorelikelytomakesecretdealwiththemanageraboutpay.

問題3選項

A.makesecretdealswith

B.treatdifferently

C.showprejudiceagainst

D.cheat

問題4選項

A.employees’lackoffullcommitment

B.lowproductivity

C.unhappyemployees

D.frequentconfrontations

問題5選項

A.Managerswillearnlessthantheydotoday.

B.Employeeswillbemoreskilledthantoday.

C.Itwillbeclearwhotheboss’sfavoriteis.

D.Thecompanywillbecomeafairerplacethantoday.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到文章第一段“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.（由于公司往往是由賺大錢的人經營的，其結果是在薪酬方面形成了一種沉默和保密的文化。）”，由此可知C選項“經理們很少談論他們的薪酬，因為這是一種傳統(tǒng)”正確。A選項“薩爾蒙是第一個提出工資差距問題的作家”文中沒有說到；B選項“吉爾?艾布拉姆森知道工資的差別后離開了《紐約時報》”文章也沒有明確說到這二者有因果關系；D選項“吉爾?艾布拉姆森沒有和做同樣工作的人得到同樣的報酬”說法錯誤，文中只提到吉爾?艾布拉姆森質疑她和自己前輩的工資差異，并沒有說到他們是否是做的同樣的工作，因此C選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到文章第二段“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen.（一方面，工資保密對女性不利，因為女性比男性更不善于要求加薪。如果男人偷偷地要求加薪，然后偷偷地得到加薪，而女人卻沒有，那么這就有助于解釋，至少在一定程度上，為什么男人最終會比女人掙得多。）”，由此可知D選項“男人更容易和經理就工資問題做秘密交易”正確。A選項“男人更容易得到老板的信任”；B選項“經理們傾向于認為男人比女人更有能力”以及C選項“男性施加給經理的加薪壓力比女性更大”文章都沒有提及，因此D選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據題干可定位到文章第二段“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.（關于薪酬的保密也是一個很好的方法，可以讓管理者有意識或無意識地與員工達成某種協(xié)議）”以及前文可知A選項“與……做秘密交易”與playfavoritewith意思更接近。B選項“區(qū)別對待”；C選項“對……有偏見”；D選項“欺騙”。因此A選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到文章第三段“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”（我敢肯定，我們都在一些公司工作過，要想獲得大幅加薪，唯一的辦法就是讓管理層面對來自其他地方的工作邀請。這顯然是一種可怕的管理公司的方式，因為這給了所有員工巨大的動力，讓他們花大量時間在別處找工作，即使他們在那里很開心。）”，由此可知薪酬保密導致如果員工想加薪就只有不停地去別處找工作，從而導