書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原科技大學(xué)華科學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Duetoan____bybank,therewaslessmoneyinmyaccountthanthereshouldhavebeen.

問題1選項

A.intent

B.oversight

C.indecision

D.engagement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“intent”，意為“意圖，含義”；B選項“oversight”，意為“負責(zé)，疏忽”；C選項“indecision”，意為“猶豫不決，優(yōu)柔寡斷”；D選項“engagement”，意為“約會，契約”。句意：由于銀行的疏忽，我銀行里的錢比應(yīng)有的少了。因此，B選項符合題意。

2.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ManypeopleseemtothinkthatcreativityisproducingtheBigIdea—anideafromnowheresocleverandsoprofoundthatitdefinescreativity.(41)Oneofthekeylessonsofthisbook,andaclearmessagetotheprospectiveclientwhorejectedmyproposals,isthis:theinstantBigIdeadoesnotexist.

(42)Ideascomethroughaseriesofsmallstepsormoves.Theybuildupeachothertoproducethefinalidea.Lookbackonanyideayouhavecomeupwith;thinkbacktopreciselyhowtheideagrew,andtraceitslineage.(43)Ratherthanthecreativeideabeinganinstantrevelation,itwillmorelikelybecharacterizedbyahaphazardseriesofmoves,stepsandlinkages.

(44)(Astudyoftheremaining5percentofpatentswould,Isuspect,revealthattheyaretheproductsofincrementalthought.)Anytrulygreatidea(possessingsignificantaddedvalue)willgenerallyhaveemergedasaresultofaseriesofincrementalsmallstepsingeneratingit,withmuchofitsinherentaddedvaluegainedinthesubsequentimplementation,orinhowitwassold.

Examineanyfieldofactivitywherecreativeideasaregeneratedandused,whetheritistheworldofmanagement,thearts,ortelevisioncomedy.(45)Indeed,themanagementguruTomPetersdescribesinhisbookAPassionforExcellence(Peters,1996)severalcasestudieswhereorganizationsmadedecisionstopursueaBigIdea:“Inallofhistoryitseems,fromFrenchfryseasoningatMcDonald’stoIBM’sSystem/360computer,thefirstandsecondprototypesdon’twork.”O(jiān)ftenthekeypeopleinaprojectweresimplyintenton“makingitwork”;throughtrialanderrortheyeventuallysucceeded.NoBigIdeabroughtaninstantsolution.

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.

【答案】41.E

42.A

43.C

44.F

45.B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.A.創(chuàng)造力及其產(chǎn)生想法的任務(wù)本質(zhì)上是遞增的。

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.B.他們的想法是通過許多小步驟創(chuàng)造出來的，而不是通過瞬間、驚天動地的靈感。

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.C.如果你足夠誠實的話，精彩的靈感閃現(xiàn)會與你之前處理過的想法或元素聯(lián)系起來。

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.D.在公共關(guān)系工作中，這可能是一個其他人沒有想到的新的宣傳理念，它將取得重大的宣傳效果，或者是以新的角度展示產(chǎn)品，并產(chǎn)生廣泛的媒體報道的照片宣傳噱頭。

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.E.人們更容易相信，偉大的創(chuàng)意人士會以某種方式，憑直覺立即得出偉大的想法，而不是認識到，創(chuàng)造力可能是一個混亂、乏味和漫長的過程。

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.F.英國專利局證實了創(chuàng)造力的這種漸進式性質(zhì)，該局報告稱，95%的新專利只是對現(xiàn)有專利的改編。

41.空格前提到“很多人似乎認為創(chuàng)造力指突然產(chǎn)生一個特別聰明、宏大的想法”，這與E選項是對應(yīng)的，所以該題選擇E項。

42.空格后一句提到“想法來自一系列的小步驟或行動（aseriesofsmallstepsormoves）。”，這一句是對A項觀點的具體說明和解釋，故A項正確。

43.根據(jù)該空前一句“回顧你想到的任何想法；準(zhǔn)確地回想一下這個想法是如何發(fā)展起來的，并追溯它的沿襲”，其中提到了一個人稱代詞you，所以后面應(yīng)該還是以第二人稱為主，C項正確。

44.后面括號里面提到了remaining5percentofpatents，所以該段第一句是對這個專利的描寫，故F項正確。

45.上一段最后一句還提到“任何真正偉大的想法通常都是由一系列漸進的小步驟產(chǎn)生的（aseriesofincrementalsmallsteps），其內(nèi)在的附加價值大多是在后續(xù)的實施中獲得的，或者是通過它的銷售方式獲得的”，接著該段就提到“檢查任何產(chǎn)生和使用創(chuàng)造性想法（creativeideas）的活動領(lǐng)域”，可推測，第二句是要迎合上一段的最后一句，所以B項正確。

3.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermaybeobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthestoryofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

問題1選項

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteafoodbiography

D.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

問題2選項

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

問題3選項

A.thebestbiographiesaretheonesofheroesandfamousfigures

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

D.biographiescanservedifferentpurpose

問題4選項

A.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

D.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

問題5選項

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章首先講述傳記作家碰到的各種問題，包括傳記作家寫作時在兩種立場之間搖擺不定。接著詳細闡述了傳記作家寫作創(chuàng)作的難點。最后提到了傳記作家“授權(quán)問題”。所以由此可知，選項A“傳記作者很難找到合適的角度來進行寫作”最符合題意。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.對于傳記寫作這一工作來說，沒有理想的角度。”和第三句“Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses每一種角度都有其優(yōu)勢和劣勢。”可知每位傳記作家都面對寫作角度中的優(yōu)勢和劣勢，所以沒有人能夠?qū)懗鐾昝罒o缺的傳記。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“biographiesofJesus”定位到文章第三段最后一句“ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.”，第三段主要是講傳記作者會根據(jù)描述對象做出有目的選擇，然后進行寫作。所以，對于英雄和人物的傳記和神的傳記寫作的目的是不同的，屬于有目的的類型寫作。故正確答案選D。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第四段第四句“…the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.這種未經(jīng)授權(quán)的描述通常暗示了當(dāng)事人原本希望壓制流言蜚語的前景。”可知，選項B“它包含了關(guān)于描述對象私人生活的有趣信息”更符合題干意思，為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.傳記作者必須站在被描述對象同一個世界的同一位置上，必要時需要調(diào)整位置來進行描述。”和文章最后一段“Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis‘a(chǎn)uthorized’bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.在推進這一主張時，他們得到幫助，如果傳記被主題‘授權(quán)’，這可能允許傳記作者的私人信息的特殊訪問。”由此可知，理想的傳記作家一方面要充分了解被描寫的對象，另外一方面也要和他保持一定的距離。故正確答案選A。

4.單選題

OnceIwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,mychoicewouldbeboundtoberelatively______.

問題1選項

A.arbitrary

B.irrational

C.indispensable

D.negligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項arbitrary“任意的；武斷的；專制的”，是由偶然、一時興起或沖動而非由必然、推理或原則決定的；B選項irrational“不合理的（即與理想狀況相比有差距）；無理性的；荒謬的”；C選項indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對必要的；責(zé)無旁貸的”；D選項negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”。句意：一旦我不知道其中的關(guān)鍵點，我的選擇必然是相對______。如果不知道關(guān)鍵點，做出選擇前心里就不會有一個理想答案，所以選擇就會相對隨意，所以A選項正確。

5.單選題

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問題1選項

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項continuous“連續(xù)不斷的”，指整個事發(fā)的過程都沒有中斷；B項continual“持續(xù)不斷的”，指一再的、頻繁的、反復(fù)發(fā)生的；C項constant“不變的、恒定的”；D項contrary“相反的、對立的”；句意：城邦國家之間頻繁的沖突導(dǎo)致希臘文明最終衰落。因此該題B項正確。

6.單選題

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

問題1選項

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】連詞詞義辨析題。A選項的inthat“因為，由于，既然”；B選項的somuchsothat“到這樣程度以至于……，甚至”；C選項的since通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，表示“自從……”；D選項的while“當(dāng)……時候，然而……”。根據(jù)句意‘約瑟夫?海勒是個偉大的小說家，震驚了成千上萬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，甚至很多美國著名的小說家都臣服于他的才華，情不自禁地贊揚他’確定B選項正確。

7.單選題

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-

steadofmechanically.

問題1選項

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：船的發(fā)電機出了故障，所以得（）操作泵以代替機械操作。A選項manually手工地；B選項artificially人為地；C選項automatically自動地；D選項synthetically綜合地，A選項符合句意。

8.單選題

______forhisillness,hewouldhavecometohelpyoupaintyourhouse.

問題1選項

A.Notbeing

B.Nothavingbeen

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Havingitnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當(dāng)主句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+would（shouldcouldmight）+have+動詞的過去分詞時，從句結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為：If+主語+had+動詞的過去分詞。當(dāng)虛擬句中的if省略時，主句中的had要提前。原句應(yīng)為：Ifithadnotbeenforhisillness...，省略if后had提前，句子變?yōu)椋篐aditnotbeenforhisillness...。句意：如果不是因為他生病，他就會來幫你粉刷房子了。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationinwhichAIDSismost（）.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.prevalent

C.relevant

D.rigorous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；C選項relevant“相關(guān)的；切題的”；D選項rigorous“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的”。句意：艾滋病是一個全球性的問題，需要一個統(tǒng)一的、全球性的解決辦法，而不僅是艾滋病盛行的國家的責(zé)任。句意要表達的是“艾滋病盛行的國家”，因此B選項正確。

10.問答題

Cancerdevelopswhencellsinapartofthebodybegintogrowoutcontrol.Althoughtherearemanykindsofcancer,theyallstartbecauseofout-of-controlgrowthofabnormalcells.

Normalbodycellsgrow,divide,anddieinanorderlyfashion.Duringtheearlyyearsofaperson’slife,normalcellsdividemorerapidlyuntilthepersonbecomesanadult.Afterthat,cellsinmostpartsofthebodydivideonlytoreplaceworn-outordyingcellsandtorepairinjuries.

Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.Cancercellsoftentraveltootherpartsofthebodywheretheybegintogrowandreplacenormaltissue.Thisprocess,calledmetastasis,occursasthecancercellsgetintothebloodstreamorlymphvesselsofourbody.Whencellsfromacancerlikebreastcancerspreadtoanotherorganliketheliver,thecancerisstillcalledbreastcancer,notlivercancer.

CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.Thissubstanceisineverycellanddirectsallitsactivities.MostofthetimewhenDNAbecomesdamagedthebodyisabletorepairit.Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.Manytimesthough,aperson’sDNAbecomesdamagedbyexposuretosomethingintheenvironment,likesmoking.

Cancerusuallyformsasatumor.Somecancers,likeleukemia,donotformtumors.Instead,thesecancercellsinvolvethebloodandblood-formingorgansandcirculatethroughothertissueswheretheygrow.Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.

Differenttypesofcancercanbehaveverydifferently.Forexample,lungcancerandbreastcancerareverydifferentdiseases.Theygrowatdifferentratesandrespondtodifferenttreatments.Thatiswhypeoplewithcancerneedtreatmentthatisaimedattheirparticularkindofcancer.

CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates.Halfofallmenandone-thirdofallwomenintheUSwilldevelopcancerduringtheirlifetimes.Today,millionsofpeoplearelivingwithcancerorhavehadcancer.Theriskofdevelopingmosttypesofcancercanbereducedbychangesinaperson’slifestyle,forexample,byquittingsmokingandeatingabetterdiet.Thesooneracancerisfoundandtreatmentbegins,thebetterarechancesforlivingformanyyears.

1.Howarecancercellsdifferentfromnormalones?

2.Whydoescancercelldevelop?

3.Iscancerhereditary?Why?

4.Areallthetumorscancerous?Whyorwhynot?Giveyourreasons.

【答案】答：

1.Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.

2.CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.

3.Yes,itisbecausepeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.

4.Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening.

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“癌細胞與正常細胞有何不同？”。第三段前兩句提到Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.（因為癌細胞繼續(xù)生長和分裂，所以它們不同于正常細胞；它們不是死亡，而是比正常細胞活得更久，并繼續(xù)形成新的異常細胞），所以把這兩句整合到一起，答案為Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells（癌細胞不會死亡，而是比正常細胞活得更久，并繼續(xù)形成新的不正常細胞）。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“癌細胞為什么會產(chǎn)生？”。第四段第一句就提到了CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.（癌細胞的產(chǎn)生是由于對DNA的破壞），因此答案為這一句。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“癌癥遺傳嗎？為什么？”。文章第四段提到Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.（在癌細胞中，受損的DNA無法修復(fù)；人們可以遺傳受損的DNA，這就是遺傳性癌癥的原因）可知，癌癥會遺傳，原因是癌細胞破壞的DNA，而受損的DNA可以遺傳。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“所有的腫瘤都是惡性的嗎？為什么是或為什么不是？”。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.（記住，不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的；良性腫瘤不會擴散到身體的其他部位，不會危及生命，除了極少數(shù)例外）可知，不是所有的腫瘤是惡性的。故答案為Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening（不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的，因為有良性腫瘤，它們不會擴散到身體的其他部位，通常不會危及生命）。

11.單選題

Theinformationonhowtoapplyforthemortgageloansis______inthebank.

問題1選項

A.available

B.accessible

C.attainable

D.ascertainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項available“可獲得的，可購得的”，B項accessible“易接近的，可進入的”，C項attainable“可得到的，可達到的”，D項ascertainable“可查明的，可確定的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個表語修飾主語information“信息”，把四個選項分別代入，只有available符合語境。句意：有關(guān)如何申請按揭貸款的資料可以在銀行里找到。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

12.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor’sknowledgeofTibetisprobably

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問題1選項

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth.

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題2選項

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas

問題3選項

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

問題4選項

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures.

B.someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

問題5選項

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第一句中提到的“不尋常的特征或情況”是什么？’根據(jù)第三段第一句“..thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.青藏高原地帶是干燥的大陸性氣候，動物和植被與同緯度的相似，但是與更北的地區(qū)有些不同，那里更干燥。”可以推知A項動植物生長模式‘’符合其特征。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.這種植物的品種也同樣有限，一些觀察人士發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是相對肥沃的東部藏谷，也不超過70種植物。只有不到10種糧食作物。藏文“茶”是主要的主食，也許可以取代不可缺少的蔬菜。”可知B項‘高原藏人的食物和食物制作模式’符合。根據(jù)第四段中“Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.這些困難肯定對當(dāng)?shù)睾髞聿煌瑢こ５囊黄薅喾蛑频某霈F(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了影響”可知，可知C選項‘典型的藏族社會家庭組織’符合。所以ABC選項都談及到了這種不尋常的特征，所以D選項正確。

2.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章的目的是什么？’文章第一段最后一句‘Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.一個地區(qū)的生態(tài)只造成該地區(qū)居民所面臨的一些問題，而一種文化所面臨的問題雖然對其發(fā)展很重要，但并不能決定它的發(fā)展。’指出生態(tài)會影響但不決定人文風(fēng)氣。最后一段尾句“Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.總而言之，盡管可以提出論點說，由于土地的嚴(yán)酷條件，已經(jīng)存在的一妻多夫制得到了加強和保護(就目前而言)，但在這種情況下，把任何性質(zhì)更強的原因因素都歸罪于生態(tài)影響，那肯定是言過其實了。”談及當(dāng)?shù)匾黄薅喾蛑频纳鐣M織結(jié)構(gòu)可能受到生態(tài)該環(huán)境的影響。因此，可推知A選項“分析青藏地區(qū)生態(tài)和社會之間的可能因果聯(lián)系”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對西藏的了解可能是什么？’本文并未談及作者自己的經(jīng)歷和研究，而是分別引述了Montesquieu’sview和Armand的描述，以及Lattimore和Kawakita的觀點，因此，作者對青藏高原的了解是C選項‘源于書本’。

推理判斷題。題目提問‘根據(jù)文章，下列哪項最可能是Montesquieu同意的？’文章第一段介紹了青藏高原的地理特征和文化，然后提出“HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.然而，不打算采用孟德斯鳩關(guān)于氣候和土壤的觀點作為文化決定因素。”因此，可以推知‘孟德斯鳩是環(huán)境決定論支持者，即外部環(huán)境決定人文風(fēng)氣’，C選項“在共享土地和氣候的同一個地方，文化基本上是相同的”符合他的觀點。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘更新世冰蝕以后，仍然存在于西藏的動植物群可以成為大陸性的動植物群，是因為什么？’根據(jù)第三段中“Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰川期結(jié)束后，原始大陸物種中僅存少數(shù)種類的生物。”所以，它們被稱為大陸性動植物群是因為A選項‘它們原來是在大陸性氣候中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的’。

13.單選題

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

問題1選項

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是，如果沒有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察來了，他可能已經(jīng)被殺了。mighthavebeenkilled是對過去的推測，故B項正確。

14.單選題

Ifwedon'tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe（

）

問題1選項

A.empowered

B.punished

C.polluted

D.annihilated

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:如果我們不停止與那些致命的核武器的親密接觸，整個地球?qū)ⅰmpower:使控制局勢，授權(quán)。punish:懲罰,處罰。pollute:污染，弄臟。annihilate:消滅，湮沒。

15.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

問題1選項

A.intriguing

B.indefmite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；indefinite“不確定的”；obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的”；dubious"可疑的；半信半疑的”。句意：很少有有人能夠理解教授演講的內(nèi)容，因為主題非常晦澀。選項C符合題意。

16.單選題

Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembers（

）amatchwithoutastandardcourt

問題1選項

A.objectedtohaving

B.wereobjectedtohave

C.objectedtohave

D.wereobjectedtohaving

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這場比賽被取消了，因為大部分成員反對在沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)場地的情況下比賽。

考查固定搭配。objecttodoingsth.反對做某事。

17.單選題

Maryonce___withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問題1選項

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.merged（尤指商業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)）合并；（使）融合，逐漸消失B.collaborated合作

C.coincided一致；符合；同時發(fā)生D.constituted組成；構(gòu)成

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格后有with表示和……一起，表伴隨。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是二人合作一起創(chuàng)作音樂。B選項符合句意，正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】瑪麗有一次與另一位音樂家合作譜寫了一首流行樂曲。

18.單選題

WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas（

）.

問題1選項

A.smuggled

B.startled

C.appealed

D.stabilized

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項smuggle“走私，偷運”；B選項startle“使驚奇，使嚇一跳”；C選項appeal“呼吁”；D選項stabilize“使穩(wěn)固，使安定”。

句意：當(dāng)史蒂文30天后終于從山洞里出來時，在場的人都嚇了一跳。選項B符合句意。

19.單選題

Fromthevastarsenalofexistingscienceandtechnology,thedevelopingcountriesshouldselectwhatsuitstheirownpurposesandwhatcorrespondstotheiraspirations.

問題1選項

A.concepts

B.desires

C.goals

D.spirits

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。aspiration表示“渴望，抱負”；A項concept“觀念，概念”，B項desire“欲望，要求，心愿”，C項goal“目標(biāo)，球門”，D項spirit“精神，心靈，情緒”。句意：發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)從現(xiàn)有的大量科學(xué)技術(shù)中，選擇符合自身目的、符合自身