書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-北京建筑大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Everydreamisamessagefromyourunconsciousself,expressedinacodewhichonlyyoucanunderstandandinterpret.Theimages,colors,moods,andtermsofyourdreamsdependuponyourculture,upbringing,slangandyourownunderstandingofthingsandvalues.Dreamingislikelookingintoamirrorandseeingyourselfwitheyes.

Thefirstdreamswhichwehaveafterfallingasleepoftenrevolvearoundthedayevents.Wegothroughthem,sortingoutanddiscardingthingswedon'tneedtorememberandgaininginsightintothosewedo.Often,weareinspiredwithsuggestionsthatwecanusetoremedythesituationsthatplagueusbyday.Asweprogressthroughthenight’sdreams,theymaytakeupmorefantasticqualities,offeringfancifulexperiences.Theseoftenpleasantimagescanrelievethestressoftheday.Butthedreamwehavejustbeforetheawakingoftencontainsinformationthesubconsciousmindwantstomakeknowntotheconscious.Andthisinformation,ifremembered,interpreted,andunderstood,canserveasanimportanttoolinourlives.

Dependinguponthecontent,dreamcanstrikeuswiththeirpeculiarity,orsometimeseventheiralarmingnature.Somedreamshauntusforyears,notonlybecauseoftheirpersistence,butalsoprimarilybecausewecannotexplainorunderstandthem.Otherdreamsstandoutwiththeweirdmixtureofimages,emotionsandcontext,whichmakeusrememberthemforlife.Recurringdreamsarequitecommon,andweusuallyhavethemwhenacertainlifesituationrepeats,orwearefacingthesameproblemoverandoveragain.Arecurringdreamisoftenasignofsomeemotionalweaknessinournaturewhichcausesusproblemsovertheyears.

Luciddreamsarerare,buttheyareallaboutpeople’sabilitytocontroltheirdreams.Insuchadream,thedreamerbecomesconsciouslyawarethatshe/heisdreaming,andisabletousethememoryandparticipateindreamactionsandemotions.Luciddreamsareusuallyenhancedinasensoryandimaginaryway,andsometimescanbeaccompaniedbypleasantmusic.Peoplecanlearnthetechniquesofcontrollingtheirdreams.Somehistoricmanuscriptsandrecordssaythattheabilitytocontroldreamshelpsapersontoreachahigherdegreeofminddevelopment.ThisiswhatsomeTibetanBuddhistsandIslamfollowerspracticedforthepurposeofelevationinconsciousness.

1.Dreamscanonlybeunderstoodbythedreamerbecause（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,dreams（）.

3.Recurringdreamsoccur（）.

4.Theword“lucid”(Line1,Para.4)refersto（）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatdreamsofferusthepotentialto（）.

問題1選項

A.theyarealwaysbasedonyourdeepfeelings

B.theyareexpressedinacodeonlyyoucanunderstand

C.theyarealwayssomethingrelatedtoyourupbringing

D.theyarerelatedtoyourpersonalculture

問題2選項

A.arealwaysaboutthedaysevents,sortingoutthemonebyone

B.areprimarilymeanttorelievethestressoftheday

C.isonlyimportantatthestagejustbeforeyouwakeup

D.movefromdifferentstages,eachwithdifferentfunctions

問題3選項

A.becauseofarepetitionofevents,problemoremotionalweakness

B.becauseofacertainlifesituationthatcausesusstress

C.becauseweareemotionallyweak

D.becausewecannotexplainthem

問題4選項

A.highlyconscious

B.understandable

C.easytoremember

D.clearlypresented

問題5選項

A.predictthefuture

B.improveourconscience

C.increaseourimagination

D.understandingourselves

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據第一段的第一句“Everydreamisamessagefromyourunconsciousself,expressedinacodewhichonlyyoucanunderstandandinterpret.”每一個夢都是來自你潛意識的自我的信息，以一種只有你能理解和解釋的代碼來表達。以及后面提到的夢取決于你的文化、教養以及你對事物和價值觀的理解。所以選項D為最佳答案。A選項在第一段中沒有明確提及；B選項“它們是用只有你才理解的代碼表達的”從意義上來說等同于題干本身，并沒有回答原因；C選項的信息過于片面。

2.根據第二段的內容可知，入睡后的第一個夢是圍繞白天發生的事情，通常會從中受到啟發；隨著夢境的加深有更奇妙的體驗，這會緩解我們一天的壓力；醒來之前的夢是潛意識里想讓我們知道的東西，如果能被理解和記住，對我們大有幫助。A選項錯誤之處在于：與白天發生的事情相關的是“第一個夢”，而非所有夢；B選項“主要是為了緩解一天的壓力”過于絕對，文中并沒有說“主要”這一個信息；C選項“只有在你起床前的階段才重要”，過于絕對化。因此D選項“在不同的階段間變動，每個階段有不同的功能”符合題意，不同的階段可以理解為“第一個夢”、“奇異的景象”、“醒來之前”，他們有著不同的功能。

3.根據第三段的倒數第二句“Recurringdreamsarequitecommon,andweusuallyhavethemwhenacertainlifesituationrepeats,orwearefacingthesameproblemoverandoveragain.”選項A符合原文。

4.根據最后一段的第二句“Insuchadream,thedreamerbecomesconsciouslyawarethatshe/heisdreaming,andisabletousethememoryandparticipateindreamactionsandemotions.”在這樣的夢境中，做夢的人能夠意識到自己在做夢，能夠運用記憶，參與夢境的動作和情感。說明lucid是指意識清醒的。選項A正確。

5.根據最后一段的最后兩句“theabilitytocontroldreamshelpsapersontoreachahigherdegreeofminddevelopment.ThisiswhatsomeTibetanBuddhistsandIslamfollowerspracticedforthepurposeofelevationinconsciousness.”控制夢境的能力有助于一個人達到更高程度的心智發展。這就是一些藏傳佛教和伊斯蘭教信徒為了提升意識而進行的修行。所以，選項B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

2.單選題

Wecomplainofthedarknessinwhichweliveoutourlives:wedonotunderstandthenatureofexistenceingeneral;weespeciallydonotknowtherelationofourownselftotherestofexistence.Notonlyisourlifeshort,ourknowledgeislimitedentirelytoit,sincewecansee（

）backbeforeourbirth（

）outbeyondourdeath,sothatourconsciousnessisasitwerealightning-flashmomentarilyilluminatingthenight:ittrulyseemsasthoughademonhadmaliciouslyshutoffallfurtherknowledgefromussoastoenjoyourdiscomfiture.

問題1選項

A.either...or

B.neither...nor

C.both…and

D.notonly…butalso

【答案】B

【解析】考查并列連詞。空格處句意：我們的知識局限于此，“······出生之前，······我們死亡之后。”我們對于生前死后的知識應為否定狀態。四個選項中只有B選項表示否定。

3.單選題

Discontentwiththecostandsometimesimpersonaldeliveryofhealthcarehasfueled

A

B

growthinalternativemedicine,nowa$14billions-a-yearindustry.

C

D

問題1選項

A.sometimes

B.hasfueled

C.alternative

D.$14billions-a-year

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。主語為discontentwiththecost（對成本的不滿）和impersonaldeliveryofhealthcare（非個人醫療服務的提供）表示的是兩件不同的事，因此謂語動詞用復數形式。

試題答案：B;havefueled

4.單選題

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

55.Theword“meticulously”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto____.

56.Whichofthefollowingwasamethodusedbysomepotterstogivevesselsaglassyfinish?

57.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofkilnsoveropenfireswasthatthekilns____.

問題1選項

A.Whyarchaeologistsstudyprehistoricpotmaking.

B.Howearlypotterywasmadeanddecorated.

C.Thedevelopmentofkilnsusedbyearlypotters.

D.ThevarietyofdecorationsonPrehistoricpottery.

問題2選項

A.heavily

B.initially

C.carefully

D.completely

問題3選項

A.Smoothingthemwithwethands.

B.Mixingtheclaywithcoloredsolutions.

C.Bakingthemataveryhightemperature.

D.Rubbingthemwithasmoothhardobject.

問題4選項

A.requiredlesswoodforburning

B.reachedhighertemperatures

C.keptashesawayfromthepots

D.bakedvesselswithoutcrackingthem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據第一段第二句Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.（與現代工業陶藝家不同的是，史前工匠們用最簡單的技術制作了每一件陶器，但在制作和裝飾器皿方面表現出非凡的技巧），可知本文的主旨是B項“早期陶器的制作和裝飾”，后文都是在講早期陶器制作和裝飾的過程。

A項“考古學家為什么研究史前造壺”，文中并未提及；C項“早期陶藝家使用的窯爐的發展”，kilns只在文章最后提到，不是文章主題；D項“史前陶器上裝飾的種類”，也只是在文中有提及，并不是文章的主旨。

55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。定位到第二段Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.（粘土的稠度至關重要：它被仔細地搗碎，并與水混合，使其質地完全均勻）。meticulously“仔細地”。A項“大量地；沉重地”，B項“最初”，C項“仔細地；小心翼翼的”，D項“徹底地；完全地”，因此只有C項符合。

56.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節事實題。題干：以下哪種方法是一些陶工用來給器皿玻璃般的飾面？文中第三段倒數第二句Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.（用一塊圓石或者類似的東西打磨，可以得到一個光亮、堅硬的表面），因此正確選項為D“用光滑的硬物摩擦它們”。A項“用濕手撫平它們”，這并不能得到一個玻璃般的飾面，而且接下來還有很多步驟；B項“將粘土與有色溶液混合”，文中未體現；C項“在很高的溫度下烘烤”，這是glaze“釉料”的制作過程。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節事實題。最后一段第三句Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,which…（在被稱為窯爐的特殊烘箱中，溫度要高得多，這種烘箱……），

是說用這種特殊的烤爐里可以得到高得多的溫度，因此正確選項為B“達到更高的溫度”。A項“燃燒所需木材較少”，C項“把灰從罐子里拿開”，D項“烘烤容器并且容器沒有開裂”，均在文中未體現。

5.單選題

Abouttwiceeverycentury,oneofthemassivestarsinourgalaxyblowsitselfapartinasupernovaexplosionthatsendsmassivequantitiesofradiationandmatterintospaceandgeneratesshockwavesthatsweepthroughthearmsofthegalaxy.Theshockwavesheattheinterstellargas,evaporatesmallclouds,andcompresslargeronestothepointatwhichtheycollapseundertheirowngravitytoformnewstars.Thegeneralpicturethathasbeendevelopedforthesupernovaexplosionanditsaftermathgoessomethinglikethis.Throughoutitsevolution,astarismuchlikealeakyballoon.Itkeepsitsequilibriumfigurethroughabalanceofinternalpressureagainstthetendencytocollapseunderitsownweight.Thepressureisgeneratedbynuclearreactionsinthecoreofthestarwhichmustcontinuallysupplyenergytobalancetheenergythatleaksoutintheformofradiation.Eventuallythenuclearfuelisexhausted,andthepressuredropsinthecore.Withnothingtoholditup,thematterinthecenterofthestarcollapsesinward,creatinghigherandhigherdensitiesandtemperatures,untilthenucleiandelectronsarefusedintoasuper-denselumpofmatterknownasaneutronstar.

Astheoverlyinglayersraindownonthesurfaceoftheneutronstar,thetemperaturerises,untilwithablindingflashofradiation,thecollapseisreversed.Athermonuclearshockwaverunsthroughthenowexpandingstellarenvelope,fusinglighterelementsintoheavieronesandproducingabrilliantvisualoutburstthatcanbeasintenseasthelightof10billionsuns.Theshellofmatterthrownoffbytheexplosionplowsthroughthesurroundinggas,producinganexpandingbubbleofhotgas,withgastemperaturesinthemillionsofdegrees.ThisgaswillemitmostofitsenergyatX-raywavelengths,soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.MorethantwentysupernovaremnantshavenowbeendetectedinX-raystudies.

Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.AlthoughthecloudthatcollapsedtoformtheSunandtheplanetswascomposedprimarilyofhydrogenandhelium,italsocontainedcarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,elementsessentialforlifeasweknowit.Elementsheavierthanheliumaremanufactureddeepintheinteriorofstarsandwould,forthemostpart,remainthereifitwerenotforthecataclysmicsupernovaexplosionsthatblowgiantstarsapart.Additionally,supernovasproducecloudsofhigh-energyparticlescalledcosmicrays.Thesehigh-energyparticlescontinuallybombardtheEarthandareresponsibleformanyofthegeneticmutationsthatarethedrivingforceoftheevolutionofspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassageaneutronstaris（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemeteoritesmentionedbytheauthorinPara.3（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthefirsteventinthesequencethatleadstotheoccurrenceofasupernova?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.TheOriginsandEffectsofSupernovas

B.ViolentChangeintheUniverse

C.TheAftermathofaSupernova

D.TheOriginsandEvolutionofLifeonEarth

問題2選項

A.agaseouscloudcontainingheavyelements

B.anintermediatestagebetweenanordinarystarandasupernova

C.thecoreofanordinarystarthathousesthethermonuclearreactions

D.oneofbillionsofmeteorsthatarescatteredacrossthegalaxybyasupernova

問題3選項

A.containdangerousconcentrationsofradioactivematerials

B.arelargerthanthemeteorsnormallyfoundinasolarsystemlikeours

C.containpiecesofasupernovathatoccurredseveralbillionyearsago

D.includematerialnotcreatedinthenormaldevelopmentofoursolarsystem

問題4選項

A.AnordinarystarbeginstoemittremendousquantitiesofX-rays.

B.Animbalancebetweenlightandheavyelementscausesanordinarystartocollapse.

C.Acloudofinterstellargasrichincarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,collapsestoformaneutronsstar.

D.Anordinarystarexhaustsitssupplyofnuclearfuelandbeginstocollapse.

問題5選項

A.lifeonEarthisendangeredbyitsconstantexposuretoradiationforcesthatarereleasedbyasupernova

B.lighterelementsareformedfromheavierelementsduringasupernovaastheheavierelementsaretomapart

C.itissometimeseasiertodetectsupernovasbyobservationoftheX-rayspectrumthanbyobservationofvisiblewavelengthsoflight

D.recentlydiscoveredmeteoritesindicatethatEarthandotherplanetsofoursolarsystemsurvivedtheexplosionofasupernovaseveralbillionyearsago

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.本題要求找到這篇文章最恰當的標題。因為文中沒有提到和重點關注地球上的生命，排除D選項“地球上的生命的起源和演化”；supernova作為本文的高頻詞和關鍵詞確定文章講的是與超新星有關的內容，故應排除B項“宇宙中的激變”；通過分析文章可知主要是介紹了超新星的起源以及為宇宙所帶來的影響，A選項“超新星的起源和影響”作為標題最適合。

2.題目是問中子星的定義。根據第一段中的描述超新星爆炸加熱氣態云并且壓縮體積巨大的氣態云形成新的恒星。中間階段類似漏氣的氣球，不斷產生能量保持內外壓力，最終能量耗盡，星體內部塌陷，形成高密度和高溫星體，原子和電子融合形成超級物質，就被稱為中子星。所以B選項“介于一顆普通恒星與超新星之間的中間階段”正確。

3.本題是問第三段中作者提到的隕石……。A項意為“包含著危險的有放射性物質的聚集”；B項意為“比在像我們一樣的太陽系中發現的流星更大”；C項意為“包含數塊在數億年前就存在的超新星”；D項意為“不包括在我們的太陽系的發展中創造出的物質”。根據最后一段第一句Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.最近關于隕石的發現包括有某些異常的核素的聚集表明了一個超新星可能比我們太陽系產生的時間早45億年時間。確定C選項“包含數塊在數億年前就存在的超新星”正確。

4.本題是問導致超新星存在的第一個首要的事件是什么。根據第一段的描述：在每一百年中有兩次銀河系中的大質量的恒星就會在超新星爆炸中將自己分解并發射大量的輻射物質并進入太空生成沖擊波而席卷整個銀河系。這種星級氣體加熱激波，蒸發了小云朵，并壓縮較大的一些到達在自身引力作用下的爆發點最終形成新的恒星，最終會形成中子星。所以D選項“一顆普通的恒星耗盡供應的核燃料并開始爆炸”是第一個發生的事件。

5.由第二段中的內容soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.因此，x射線天文臺對超新星現象的本質提供了一些最有用的洞見也就不足為奇了。確定C選項“有時候通過觀察X射線光譜來探測超新星比通過觀察可見光波段來探測更容易”正確。

6.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.Itisfast.

B.Itisslow.

C.Itworkswell.

D.Itisnotworking.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Canthatclockberight,10:30?

M:Thatclockisalwaysoff.It’s11:05.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheclock?

【解析】細節題。從對話兩個時間點可知，這個鐘慢了。

7.單選題

Thisisthe（

）pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.

問題1選項

A.actual

B.genuine

C.real

D.original

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。actual“實際存在的”；genuine“真實的”；real“真實的，實在的”；original“原創的，原來的”。句意：那位作曲家就是在這臺鋼琴上創作出了他最偉大的作品。D項符合句意，答案D

8.單選題

Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelitethekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks.Onedifficulty,however,wasthatfewoftheremaining97percentrecordedtheirthoughtsorhadthemchroniclebycontemporaries.Facedwiththissituation,manyhistoriansbasedtheirinvestigationsontheonlyrecordsthatseemedtoexistbirth,marriage,anddeathrecords.Asaresult,muchoftheearlyworkonthenonelitewasaridlystatisticalinnature;reducingthevastmajorityofthepopulationtoasetofnumberswashardlymoreenlighteningthanignoringthemaltogether.Historiansstilldidnotknowwhatthesepeoplethoughtorfelt.

Onewayoutofthisdilemmawastoturntotherecordsoflegalcourts,forherethevoicesofthenonelitecanmostoftenbeheardaswitnesses,plaintiffsanddefendants.Thesedocumentshaveactedas“apointofenterintothementalworldofthepoor”.HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurieshaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups(theseattitudesinclude,butarenotconfinedto,attitudestowardcrimeandthelaw)andhaverevealedhowtheauthoritiesadministeredjustice.IthasbeensocietiesthathavehadadevelopedpolicesystemandpracticedRomanlaw,withitswrittendepositions,whosecourtrecordshaveyieldedthemostdatatohistorians.InAnglo-Saxoncountrieshardlyanyofthesebenefitsobtain,butithasstillbeenpossibletogleaninformationfromthestudyoflegaldocuments.

Theextractionofcasehistoriesisnot,however,theonlyusetowhichcourtrecordsmaybeput.HistorianswhostudypreindustrialEuropehaveusedtherecordstoestablishaseriesofcategoriesofcrimeandtoquantifyindictmentsthatwereissuedoveragivennumberofyears.Thisuseoftherecordsdoesyieldsomeinformationaboutthenonelite,butthisinformationgivesuslittleinsightintothementallivesofthenonelite.WealsoknowthatthenumberofindictmentsinpreindustrialEuropebearslittlerelationtothenumberofactualcriminalacts,andwestronglysuspectthattherelationshiphasvariedwidelyovertime.Inaddition,aggregatepopulationestimatesareveryshaky,whichmakesitdifficultforhistorianstocompareratesofcrimeperthousandinonedecadeofthepreindustrialperiodwithratesinanotherdecade.Given,oneinadequacies,itisclearwhythecasehistoryuseofcourtrecordsistobepreferred.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhat,beforetheearly1950’s,mosthistorianswhostudiedpreindustrialEuropedidwhichofthefollowing?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmuchoftheearlyworkbyhistoriansontheEuropeannoneliteofthepreindustrialperiodmighthavebeenmoreilluminatingifthesehistorianshad（

）.

3.TheauthormentionsLeRoyLadurieinorderto（

）.

4.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueofindictmentsforcrimeinEuropeinthepreindustrialperiod?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatahistorianwhowishedtocomparecrimeratesperthousandinaEuropeancityinonedecadeofthefifteenthcenturywithcrimeratesinonedecadeofthatcenturywouldprobablybemostaidedbybetterinformationaboutwhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.FailedtomakedistinctionsamongmembersofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.

B.Usedinvestigatorymethodsthatwerealmostexclusivelystatisticalinnature.

C.InaccuratelyestimatedtheinfluenceofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.

D.ConfinedtheirworktoanarrowrangeofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulation.

問題2選項

A.useddifferentmethodsofstatisticalanalysistoinvestigatethenonelite

B.beenmoresuccessfulinidentifyingtheattitudesofcivilauthorities,especiallythosewhoadministeredjustice,towardthenonelite

C.beenabletodrawonmoreaccounts,writtenbycontemporariesofthenonelite,thatdescribedwhatthisnonelitethought

D.reliedmoreheavilyonthepersonalrecordsleftbymembersoftheEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelitewholivedduringtheperiodinquestion

問題3選項

A.giveanexampleofahistorianwhohasmadeonekindofuseofcourtrecord

B.citeahistorianwhohasbasedcasehistoriesonthebirth,marriage,anddeathrecordsofthenonelite

C.identifytheauthorofthequotationcitedintheprevioussentence

D.gainauthoritativesupportfortheviewthatthecasehistoryapproachisthemostfruitfulapproachtocourtrecords

問題4選項

A.Theyhaveintermsoftheirnumbers,remainedrelativelyconstantovertime.

B.Theygivethehistorianimportantinformationaboutthementallivesofthoseindicted.

C.Theyarenotaparticularlyaccurateindicationoftheextentofactualcriminalactivity.

D.Theirimportancetohistoriansofthenonelitehasbeengenerally.

問題5選項

A.Thecausesofunrestinthecityduringthetwodecades.

B.Theaggregatenumberofindictmentsinthecitynearesttothecityunder.

C.Thenumberofpeoplewholivedinthecityduringeachofthedecadesunderinvestigation.

D.Thementalattitudesofcriminalsinthecity,includingtheirfeelingsaboutauthority,duringeachofthedecadesunderinvestigation.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段開頭提到二十世紀五十年代早期，研究前工業化時代歐洲的史學家首次以眾多的人數開始調查前工業化人口中的大多數，而不是那些少數的精英，如國王、將軍、法官、貴族等（Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelitethekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks），由此可推測，在此之前的研究是集中在少數人身上，因此選項D“將他們的研究范圍限定在前工業化歐洲的小部分人”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文中可推斷出，如果史學家……,那么他們關于前工業時代歐洲非精英階層的許多早期著作可能更具啟發性”。文章第一段提到一個難題是剩下的97%的人中很少有人記錄了他們的想法，或者他們同時代人的編年史（Onedifficulty,however,wasthatfewoftheremaining97percentrecordedtheirthoughtsorhadthemchroniclebycontemporaries），意味著如果能夠利用同時代的非精英所寫的敘述來描述非精英人的想法，將會更具啟發性，因此選項C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到擺脫這種困境的一種方法是求助于合法法庭的記錄，因為在這里，非精英的聲音通常可以作為證人、原告和被告的身份被聽到（Onewayoutofthisdilemmawastoturntotherecordsoflegalcourts,forherethevoicesofthenonelitecanmostoftenbeheardaswitnesses,plaintiffsanddefendants），接著提到LeRoylad陪審團等歷史學家使用過這些文件（HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurieshaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups），由此可知選項A符合題意。

4.細節事實題。文章最后一段提到這些記錄的使用確實產生了一些關于非精英的信息，但這些信息并不能讓我們洞察到非精英的精神生活（Thisuseoftherecordsdoesyieldsomeinformationaboutthenonelite,butthisinformationgivesuslittleinsightintothementallivesofthenonelite），由此可知選項C“它們并不能特別準確地表明實際犯罪活動的程度”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知，一個歷史學家希望將歐洲15世紀一個十年內每千人的犯罪率與那個世紀十年內的犯罪率對比，可能最得益于下列哪個信息？”文章最后一段提到對人口總數的估計不可靠，這使得歷史學家很難比較前工業化時期十年內的每千人犯罪率與另一個十年的犯罪率（Inaddition,aggregatepopulationestimatesareveryshaky,whichmakesitdifficultforhistorianstocompareratesofcrimeperthousandinonedecadeofthepreindustrialperiodwithratesinanotherdecade），由此可知選項C“在接受調查的幾十年中，居住在該市的人數”符合題意。

9.單選題

Manyartistslateinthelastcenturywereinsearchofameanstoexpresstheirindividuality.Moderndancewasoneofthewayssomeofthesepeoplesoughttofreetheircreativespirit.Atthebeginningtherewasnoexactingtechnique,nofoundationfromwhichtobuild.Inlateryears,trial,error,andgeniusfoundedthetechniquesandtheprinciplesofthemovement.Eventually,innovatorsevendrewfromwhattheyconsideredthedreadballet,butfirsttheyhadtodiscardallthatwasacademicsothatthenewcouldbediscovered.ThebeginningsofmoderndancewerehappeningbeforeIsadoraDuncan,butshewasthefirstpersontobringthenewdancetogeneralaudienceandseeitacceptedandacclaimed.

Hersearchforanaturalmovementformsenthertonature.Shebelievedmovementshouldbeasnaturalastheswayingofthetreesandtherollingwavesofthesea,andshouldbeinharmonywiththemovementsoftheEarth.Hergreatcontributionsareinthreeareas.

First,shebegantheexpansionofthekindsofmovementsthatcouldbeusedindance,beforeDuncandanced,balletwastheonlytypeofdanceperformedinconcert.Intheballetthefeetandlegswereemphasized,withvirtuosity(精湛的技巧)shownbycomplicated,designedpositionsandmovements.Duncanperformeddancebyusingallherbodyinthefreestpossibleway.Herdancestemmedfromhersoulandspirit.Shewasoneofthepioneerswhobroketraditionsoothersmightbeabletodeveloptheart.

Hersecondcontributionwasindancecostume.Shediscardedcorset(緊身內衣),balletshoes,andstintcostumes.ThesewerereplacedwithflowingGreciantunics,barefeetandunboundhair.Shebelievedinthenaturalbodybeingallowedtomovefreely,andherdressdisplayedthisideal.

Herthirdcontributionwasintheuseofmusic.Inherperformancessheusedthesymphoniesofgreatmasters,includingBeethovenandWagner,whichwasnottheusualcustom.

Shewasasexcitingandeccentricinherpersonallifeasinherdance.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidnaturerepresenttoIsadoraDuncan?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasanareaofdancethatDuncanw