書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海中僑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.

Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.

Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.

1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun（

）.

3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.

B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.

C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.

D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarf

B.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyears

C.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightness

D.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.

B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.

C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.

B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.

C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.

D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alarmed

B.Pessimistic

C.Comic

D.Objective

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句話是文章的中心句，提到“通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家可以預(yù)測太陽系其他部分的樣子”（Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike），由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章可推斷出太陽……”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個(gè)黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽將變成一個(gè)巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當(dāng)能量用盡時(shí)，太陽會繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個(gè)白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球。由此可知，現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)的時(shí)間差不多是太陽生命的一半，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“當(dāng)太陽變成紅色星球，地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的溫度會很熱，生命無法生存”（Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于太陽發(fā)展的各個(gè)階段，下列哪個(gè)是正確的”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個(gè)黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽將變成一個(gè)巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當(dāng)能量用盡時(shí)，太陽會繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個(gè)白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球，由此可知正確的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章的基調(diào)是什么”。文章從頭到尾都是以非常客觀的態(tài)度來描述天文學(xué)家對太陽發(fā)展的預(yù)測，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。Alarmed“擔(dān)憂的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”；comic“滑稽的”；objective“客觀的”。

2.單選題

ElizabethHolmes:HolmesiswheretheheartisTheranos'sbosssayshermissionextendsbeyondmakingafortune.TECHentrepreneursoftenhavetheirowndistinctiveuniforms.ForFacebook'sMarkZuckerberg,itisjeansandahoodie.ForthelateSteveJobs,itwasjeansandblackturtleneck.ElizabethHolmeshasplumpedforsomethingsmartermatchingblackjacket,trousersandturtleneck.Itsaveshavingtodecidewhattoweareachmorning,shesayswithtypicalsingle-mindedness.

Attheageof19MsHolmeshadanideaabouttoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone.SoshedroppedoutofStanfordUniversity,whereshewasstudyingchemicalengineering,andwithmoneythathadbeensetasideforhercollegeeducationshequietlyfoundedTheranos,adiagnosticscompany.Thatwasin2003.Shesaysshespentthenexttenyearsin"stealthmode,withoutpressreleasesorevenacompanywebsite.Duringthattimesheperfectedawayofdoinghundredsoftestscheaplyandquicklyonadropofblood,usinglab-on-a-chiptechnology.

Today,aged31,sheisestimatedbyForbesmagazinetobeworth$4.7billion,andthustobetheworld'syoungestself-madefemalebillionaire.Sheistheauthor,andco-author,ofnumerouspatentsandpatentapplications.YetMsHolmesseemsuninterestedinmoneyorkudos.

Shesayshermissionistousetestingtohelppeoplestayhealthy.Shewantstodetectdiseasessuchasdiabetes,cancersandheartdiseasefarearlier,beforetheyproducesymptoms,andindoingsosavelives.AdmirershavecomparedhertotechnologytitanslikeJobs.Butherfocusonhumanity'sbigproblemsmakeshermorelikeElonMusk,whowantsnotjusttomakemoneybuildingspacerocketsandelectriccars,buttocoloniseotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange.

ThisweekMsHolmesannouncedthatshewastakinghermissionbeyondAmerica'sborders,bylaunchinganot-for-profitprojecttobringcheapmedicalteststoMexicowithbackingfromCarlosSlim,aMexicantelecomsmagnate.Theranosisstillprivatelyowned—MsHolmessayssheholdsmorethan50%ofitsstock-andremainssecretiveaboutitsrevenuestreamsandplans.Althoughitishardtoknowifthecompanymeritsitsrichvaluation,oneencouragingsignforotherinvestorsisthecompany'sstellarboardofdirectors.Itincludestwoformersecretariesofstate(GeorgeShultzandHenryKissinger)andanumberofhigh-profileinvestorsincludingLarryEllisonofOracle.Ifanabilitytowinoverluminariesisadiagnostictestforthehealthofyoungcompanies,Theranospasses.

1.ElizabethHolmes'missioninbusinessis（）?

2.ElizabethHolmesisalwaysin（）?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTTRUE?

4.MsHolmesislikeElonMuskin（）?

5.Twoformersecretariesofstateandanumberofhigh-profileinvestorsarelistedto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohelppeoplestayhealthy

B.toimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone

C.tomakeafortune

D.todetectdiseases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.jeansandblackturtleneck

B.jeansandahoodie

C.blackjacketandturtleneck

D.jeansandtrousers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.MsHolmesknewhowtoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone

B.MsHolmeswasdroppedoutofStanfordUniversity

C.MsHolmesstudiedchemicalengineeringatStanfordUniversity

D.MsHolmesestablishedacompanybyherself.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makingmoneyintheirownbusiness

B.colonizingotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange

C.becomingtechnologytitans

D.protectinghumanbeingsoftheworld.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.showgreatyouthofthecompany.

B.showgreatsuccessofthecompany.

C.showgreatstructureofthecompany

D.showgreatpromiseofthecompany

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第五段:Shesayshermissionistousetestingtohelppeoplestayhealthy(她說她的責(zé)任是通過這些測驗(yàn)讓人們保持健康)。因此A項(xiàng)“以幫助人們保持健康”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:ElizabethHolmeshasplumpedforsomethingsmartermatchingblackjacket,trousersandturtleneck(伊麗莎白?福爾摩斯喜歡更時(shí)髦的黑色夾克、褲子和高領(lǐng)毛衣)。因此，C項(xiàng)“黑夾克和高領(lǐng)毛衣”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Attheageof19MsHolmeshadanideaabouthowtoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone(霍姆斯19歲時(shí)就有了一個(gè)改進(jìn)驗(yàn)血方法的想法)。因此，A項(xiàng)“霍姆斯知道改進(jìn)血液檢測的方法”不符合原文所述。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段:Butherfocusonhumanity'sbigproblemsmakeshermorelikeElonMusk,whowantsnotjusttomakemoneybuildingspacerocketsandelectriccars,buttocoloniesotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange(但她對人類大問題的關(guān)注使她更像埃隆?馬斯克，他不僅想通過制造太空火箭和電動(dòng)汽車賺錢，還想殖民其他星球，把這個(gè)星球從氣候變化中拯救出來)。因此，本題選D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)地球上的人類”。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Althoughitishardtoknowifthecompanymeritsitsrichvaluation，oneencouragingsignforotherinvestorsisthecompany'sstellarboardofdirectors(盡管很難知道該公司是否值得其豐厚的估值，但對其他投資者來說，一個(gè)令人鼓舞的跡象是該公司出色的董事會)。由此可知，列出兩位前國務(wù)卿和一些知名投資者是為了展現(xiàn)公司的巨大前景。故選D。

3.單選題

Ifonlythecommittee（

）theregulationandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approve

B.willapprove

C.canapprove

D.wouldapprove

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，此處是對將來的虛擬，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用would/should/could/+動(dòng)詞原形，選D。句意：如果委員會能批準(zhǔn)這項(xiàng)條例并盡快付諸實(shí)施就好了。

4.單選題

Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“極端”；wreckage“殘骸”；supremacy“至高無上”。句意：捐贈者的疲倦和這個(gè)國家的極端貧困導(dǎo)致希望越來越渺茫。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Chemotherapy.

B.Radiation.

C.Injections.

D.Surgery.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatdoyouknowabouttreatmentsofcancer?

M:Chemotherapy.Buttheatmakesyourhairfallout,doesn’tit?

W:Yes,therearesomeunpleasantside-effects.I’mnotsureweneedtoconsiderthatatthisstage.Weshouldseewhetheraseriesofinjectionwillhelp.

Q:Whattreatmentwillthemanprobablyreceivefirst?

【解析】對話中女士說要先看看藥物注射是否有效，患者的狀況還不到進(jìn)行化療的程度。

6.單選題

Hefoundhisnewacquaintancetobe（）:tryingtounderstandherpersonalitywaslike

peeringintoanunknowndimension.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cosmopolitan

B.imperturbable

C.inscrutable

D.puerile

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：他發(fā)現(xiàn)他新結(jié)識的朋友

，嘗試了解她的性格就如同窺探未知的領(lǐng)域。

cosmopolitan世界性的；世界主義的，四海一家的；imperturbable冷靜的；泰然自若的；inscrutable神秘的；不可理解的；不能預(yù)測的；不可思議的；puerile幼稚的；孩子氣的；未成熟的；天真的。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds，catarrhs（黏膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中風(fēng)）.The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句，“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”，可知男孩女孩們都知道，大家越是團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭的機(jī)會就越大，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”，可知沒有人預(yù)見到鐵路是發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭機(jī)會越來越多的原因。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”，可知火車對人體健康是最危險(xiǎn)的。選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句，“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”，可知噪音和眩光對人的神經(jīng)有影響，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)第二段第四句，“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”，可知對人體肺部也有影響，選項(xiàng)C排除。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”，可知人們沒有預(yù)見鐵路是敵軍快速移動(dòng)的一種方式，可推斷出作者提出了火車的不好，表明了自己反對鐵路的立場，所以他是反鐵路組織的一員。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。文章第二段提到了火車會對身體健康等各方面帶來危害，最后一段還舉到了一位作家對火車描述的例子，可見作者是運(yùn)用了諷刺的語氣來描寫的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

（）ofover5%areattractiveifthedollarreallyisgoingtostabilize.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Manufactures

B.Yields

C.Creating

D.Receiving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Manufactures“產(chǎn)品”；B選項(xiàng)Yields“生產(chǎn)量，收益”；C選項(xiàng)Creating“創(chuàng)造”；D選項(xiàng)Receiving“接受”。句意：如果美元真的要穩(wěn)定下來，超過5%的_____率是有吸引力的。根據(jù)邏輯，前半句講到要穩(wěn)定下來，那么之后說的應(yīng)該也是“收益率”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Hewasgivenapresentin（）ofhisworkforthebusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.honor

B.realization

C.acknowledgement

D.encouragement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)honor“榮譽(yù)”；B選項(xiàng)realization“實(shí)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)識”；C選項(xiàng)acknowledgement“承認(rèn)，感謝”；D選項(xiàng)encouragement“鼓勵(lì)”。句意：他得到一份禮物，以感謝他為公司所做的工作。本句表示感謝他做的工作。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Somepeopleviewedthefindingswithcaution,notingthatacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremained().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeshown

B.tohavebeenshown

C.tohaveshown

D.beingshown

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。remaintobedone“待完成；待處理”為固定用法。句意：一些人對研究結(jié)果持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，指出吸二手煙和癌癥之間的因果關(guān)系有待揭示。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Foralltheburgeoningpopularityofcorporatesocialresponsibility—theartof“doingwellbydoinggood”—itsbenefitsremainunproven.Itiswellandgoodtosaythataglobalizingcompanyneedstotakeaccountofsocialproblemsinitsnewmarkets,orthatsocialresponsibilitywillbeitsownreward,inhappieremployees,lowerlegalcostsandimprovedproductivity.Butatheart,formanycompanies,corporatesocialresponsibilityisstilljustamatterofbranding.LookatMcDonald’sandtheBodyShop,forexample.Theformerisstillatargetofconsumerderisionandlawsuitsdespiteitsintroductionofhealthierfood.TheenvironmentallyfriendlyreputationoftheBodyShop,ontheotherhand,haslongoutpaceditsactualinvestmentineco-friendlyprocesses.

“BuildingReputationalCapital”byKevinJackson,aprofessoroflegalandethicalstudiesatFordhamUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatcorporationsneedtobesociallyresponsibletobuildtheir“reputationalcapital”,whichissimilartobutbiggerthan,anybrandtheymightmarket.Acompanywithlotsofsuchcapitalwillbeabletoattractbetteremployees,chargehigherprices,negotiatebetterdeals,andattractmoreinvestors.

Buthowmuchcontroldoesafirmactuallyexerciseoveritsownreputation?TheexamplesMr.Jacksongivesarenotentirelyencouraging.Nike,afavoritetargetofactivistsforitstreatmentofsweatshopworkers,appearsseveraltimes;butMr.JacksondoesnotelaborateonwhetheradropinitsreputationalcapitalcostsNikeanysales.Mr.Jacksondoescitestudiesshowingapositivecorrelationbetweenacommitmenttoanethicalbehaviorandperformance.Buthisexamplesdonotmakeaspowerfulacaseforthenecessityofcorporatesocialresponsibilityashewouldlike.

Indeed,afirmthatembarksonaplanofcorporatesocialresponsibilitymaybesettingitselfupforaworse,notabetter,reputation.Mr.JacksoncitestheexampleofH.B.FullerCompany,anAmericanadhesivesmanufacturerthathadbuiltupreputationalcapitalbydeclaringitsintentiontobeagoodcorporatecitizenandmakingphilanthropicdonations.Butitwasblamedwhenoneofitsproducts,Resistol,becamethedrugofchoiceforglue-sniffingchildreninCentralAmerica.Othercompetitorswhosegluesweresniffed,henotes,gotlittlecriticism.Onecanseehowacompanywithastrongcommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibilitymightelicitthesamechargesofhypocrisy—andsimilarcompaniesmightthendecidethatcorporatesocialresponsibilitymightbemoretroublethanitsworth.

Anyonewhohasalreadyembracedtheideaofasociallyresponsiblecorporationmightwellfindthisbookuseful;itprovidesadecentframeworkforimplementingandjustifyingasociallyresponsiblestrategy.Buttherearemanywho,likeTheEconomist,questionwhethercorporationsshouldbeinvestinginsocialinitiativesatthepossibleexpenseofprofit.“BuildingReputationalCapital,”whilewell-writtenandserious,willnotconvincethemotherwise.

1.McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.

2.ProfessorKevinJacksonholdsthat____.

3.TheauthorconsiderstheexamplescitedbyJackson____.

4.Itisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthat____.

5.Thebesttitleofthepassageis____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitsproductsareofhighquality

B.healthierproductsareonlyillusionswhentheyharmproductivity

C.manyfirmsarenotreallyseriousabouttheirsocialresponsibility

D.socialresponsibilityhasneverbeenaconcernofthesereputedcorporations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.commitmenttosocialresponsibilityisarewardingpractice

B.manycompanieshavedonelittleindevelopingeco-friendlyproducts

C.buildingthereputationalcapitaldoesnotcontributetoariseinsales

D.theeffortsatsocialresponsibilityoftenturnouttobemadeinvain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.admirable

B.encouraging

C.unconvincing

D.deplorable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makingvoluntarydonationsisoftennotappreciatedbythesociety

B.reputationinsocialresponsibilitycanwellbeadisadvantage

C.assumingmoresocialresponsibilitycanmakeafirmwell-known

D.profit,ratherthansocialresponsibility,shouldbeacompany’sgoal

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheGoalofGlobalizingCorporations

B.TheBurdenofSocialResponsibility

C.TheNecessityofCorporateSocialResponsibility

D.CorporateProductivityandProfit-making

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.第一段引用了麥當(dāng)勞和美體小鋪的例子來表明____。

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitsproductsareofhighqualityA.名牌不能保證它的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好

B.healthierproductsareonlyillusionswhentheyharmproductivityB.當(dāng)更健康的產(chǎn)品損害生產(chǎn)力時(shí)，它們只是一種假象

C.manyfirmsarenotreallyseriousabouttheirsocialresponsibilityC.許多公司并沒有認(rèn)真對待它們的社會責(zé)任

D.socialresponsibilityhasneverbeenaconcernofthesereputedcorporationsD.社會責(zé)任從來不是這些知名企業(yè)關(guān)心的問題

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞McDonald’sandtheBodyShop定位到原文第1段。本段第3句提到“但在本質(zhì)上，對許多公司來說，企業(yè)社會責(zé)任仍然只是一個(gè)品牌問題。”緊接著就引用了麥當(dāng)勞和美體小鋪的例子。這兩個(gè)例子的內(nèi)容為“前者雖然推出了更健康的食品，但仍然是消費(fèi)者嘲笑和訴訟的對象”、“另一方面，美體小鋪的環(huán)保聲譽(yù)已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了它在環(huán)保工藝方面的實(shí)際投資。”由此可知，作者這么做，是想說明許多公司并不是真的要承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任，它們只是想給自己的品牌打造良好的聲譽(yù)。C選項(xiàng)“許多公司并沒有認(rèn)真對待它們的社會責(zé)任”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“名牌不能保證它的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好”，原文這部分的話題是“社會責(zé)任”，該選項(xiàng)與本題無關(guān)，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)更健康的產(chǎn)品損害生產(chǎn)力時(shí)，它們只是一種假象”，只是麥當(dāng)勞的例子涉及的內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全，并且原文并沒有提到“損害生產(chǎn)力”的問題；

D選項(xiàng)“社會責(zé)任從來不是這些知名企業(yè)關(guān)心的問題”，原文并不是說知名企業(yè)完全不關(guān)心社會責(zé)任，該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過度。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ProfessorKevinJacksonholdsthat____.KevinJackson教授認(rèn)為____。

A.commitmenttosocialresponsibilityisarewardingpracticeA.承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任是一種有益的實(shí)踐

B.manycompanieshavedonelittleindevelopingeco-friendlyproductsB.許多公司在開發(fā)環(huán)保產(chǎn)品方面做得很少

C.buildingthereputationalcapitaldoesnotcontributetoariseinsalesC.建立聲譽(yù)資本并不會增加銷售額

D.theeffortsatsocialresponsibilityoftenturnouttobemadeinvainD.社會責(zé)任的努力往往是徒勞的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ProfessorKevinJackson定位到原文第2段。本段第1句提到KevinJackson教授在《建立聲譽(yù)資本》指出“企業(yè)需要對社會負(fù)責(zé)（needtobesociallyresponsible），以建立自己的‘聲譽(yù)資本（reputationalcapital）’。”最后一句提到“擁有大量此類資金的（withlotsofsuchcapital）公司將能夠吸引更好的（better）員工，收取更高的（higher）價(jià)格，達(dá)成更好的（better）交易，并吸引更多的（more）投資者。”由此可知，KevinJackson教授認(rèn)為企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任以建立聲譽(yù)資本，這些資本能給企業(yè)帶來很多好處，A選項(xiàng)“承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任是一種有益的實(shí)踐”符合原文內(nèi)容。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“許多公司在開發(fā)環(huán)保產(chǎn)品方面做得很少”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“建立聲譽(yù)資本并不會增加銷售額”，與原文“收取更高的（higher）價(jià)格，達(dá)成更好的（better）交易”矛盾，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“社會責(zé)任的努力往往是徒勞的”，與原文提到的很多好處相矛盾，該教授認(rèn)為承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任并不是徒勞的，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheauthorconsiderstheexamplescitedbyJackson____.作者認(rèn)為Jackson引用的例子____。

A.admirableA.令人欽佩的

B.encouragingB.鼓舞人心的

C.unconvincingC.令人懷疑的

D.deplorableD.令人憤慨的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theexamplescitedbyJackson定位到原文第3段第2句，該句提到“Jackson給出的例子并不完全令人鼓舞（notentirelyencouraging）。”本段最后一句提到“但他的例子并沒有（donot）像他希望的那樣有力地證明企業(yè)社會責(zé)任的必要性。”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為Jackson引用的例子缺乏說服力，C選項(xiàng)“令人懷疑的”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“令人欽佩的”，不符合原文，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“鼓舞人心的”，與原文“并不完全令人鼓舞（notentirelyencouraging）”矛盾，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“令人憤慨的”，不符合原文，屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthat____.第四段暗示____。

A.makingvoluntarydonationsisoftennotappreciatedbythesocietyA.自愿捐贈往往不受社會的歡迎

B.reputationinsocialresponsibilitycanwellbeadisadvantageB.在社會責(zé)任方面的聲譽(yù)很可能是一種劣勢

C.assumingmoresocialresponsibilitycanmakeafirmwell-knownC.承擔(dān)更多的社會責(zé)任可以讓一個(gè)公司出名

D.profit,ratherthansocialresponsibility,shouldbeacompany’sgoalD.公司的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是利潤，而不是社會責(zé)任

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefourthparagraph定位到原文第4段。本段的行文結(jié)構(gòu)為“總分總”。本段第1句提到“事實(shí)上，如果一家公司開始實(shí)施企業(yè)社會責(zé)任的計(jì)劃，它的聲譽(yù)可能會變得更糟，而不是更好（aworse,notabetter,reputation）。”最后一句提到“一家堅(jiān)定致力于企業(yè)社會責(zé)任的公司可能會招致同樣的偽善指責(zé)（chargesofhypocrisy），類似的公司可能會認(rèn)為，企業(yè)社會責(zé)任帶來的麻煩（moretrouble）可能大于它的價(jià)值。”由此可知，第4段暗示的是承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任也可能使聲譽(yù)變差，甚至帶來麻煩，B選項(xiàng)“在社會責(zé)任方面的聲譽(yù)很可能是一種劣勢”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“自愿捐贈往往不受社會的歡迎”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“承擔(dān)更多的社會責(zé)任可以讓一個(gè)公司出名”，與原文“它的聲譽(yù)可能會變得更糟，而不是更好（aworse,notabetter,reputation）”矛盾，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“公司的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是利潤，而不是社會責(zé)任”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebesttitleofthepassageis____.本文最佳的標(biāo)題是____。

A.TheGoalofGlobalizingCorporationsA.企業(yè)全球化的目標(biāo)

B.TheBurdenofSocialResponsibilityB.社會責(zé)任的負(fù)擔(dān)

C.TheNecessityofCorporateSocialResponsibilityC.企業(yè)社會責(zé)任的必要性

D.CorporateProductivityandProfit-makingD.企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力和利潤

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題

【解題思路】

1）梳理各段核心句：

第一段：本段第1句，該句提到“盡管企業(yè)社會責(zé)任（corporatesocialresponsibility）迅速流行起來，但它的好處尚未得到證實(shí)（itsbenefitsremainunproven）。”總領(lǐng)全文，引出關(guān)于企業(yè)的社會責(zé)任的話題。

第二段：本段第1句，該句提到“Jackson教授在《建立聲譽(yù)資本》提出企業(yè)需要承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任（besociallyresponsible）以建立自己的‘聲譽(yù)資本’（buildtheir‘reputationalcapital’）。”引用Jackson教授的例子，點(diǎn)明企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任的好處。

第三段：本段最后一句，該句提到作者認(rèn)為Jackson教授的例子“并沒有（donot）像他希望的那樣有力地證明企業(yè)社會責(zé)任的必要性（thenecessityofcorporatesocialresponsibility）。”分析Jackson教授的例子，引出關(guān)于企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任是否有必要的思考。

第四段：本段第1句，該句提到“事實(shí)上，如果一家公司開始實(shí)施企業(yè)社會責(zé)任（corporatesocialresponsibility）的計(jì)劃，它的聲譽(yù)可能會變得更糟，而不是更好（aworse,notabetter,reputation）。”點(diǎn)明企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任的劣勢。

第五段：本段第2-3句，這兩句提到“但也有許多人質(zhì)疑企業(yè)是否應(yīng)該以可能的利潤為代價(jià)投資于社會倡議（investinginsocialinitiatives），《建立聲譽(yù)資本》這本書雖然寫得很好，也很嚴(yán)肅，但并不會讓他們信服。”指出人們對企業(yè)是否應(yīng)該承擔(dān)社會責(zé)任存在質(zhì)疑。

2）提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞：Corporatesocialresponsibility/besociallyresponsible

綜上所述，本文的最佳標(biāo)題是C選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)社會責(zé)任的必要性”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)全球化的目標(biāo)”，沒有指出本文話題“企業(yè)的社會責(zé)任”；

B選項(xiàng)“社會責(zé)任的負(fù)擔(dān)”，“負(fù)擔(dān)”是劣勢的一方面，只是本文3-4段的內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力和利潤”，沒有指出本文話題“企業(yè)的社會責(zé)任”。

12.單選題

（）theoldprofessorisstillworkinghardinhislabdayandnight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asoldheis

B.Oldasheis

C.Howeverheisold

D.Thougholdishe

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。However引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句置于句首時(shí)需要倒裝，Though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句置于句首時(shí)不需要倒裝，由此可首先排除選項(xiàng)C和選項(xiàng)D；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句置于句首時(shí)，需將表語或狀語提前構(gòu)成倒裝。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

13.單選題

Itwasatypeofurbanstorythatcontinuesto（）bigcitydwellersforwardeachday,ataleofhardworkandself-startinginitiative,oftakingmattersintoone’sownhandstomakedreamscometrue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.penetrate

B.propel

C.baffle

D.harness

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這是一種推動(dòng)著都市人不斷向前的都市故事，講述的是努力工作、自我奮斗來實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的故事。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。penetrate滲透；穿過；propel推進(jìn)，驅(qū)使；baffle困惑，難住;harness治理，駕馭。這里的選項(xiàng)既要符合句意，又要與后面的forward構(gòu)成搭配，故選B項(xiàng)。propelsb.forward表示“推動(dòng)某人向前”。

14.單選題

Thelampwouldnotworkbecauseofa（

）intheswitch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defect

B.blot

C.foul

D.shortcoming

【答案】A

【解析】句意:由于開關(guān)有問題，所以臺燈不亮。

考查名詞辨析。Defect缺陷,不足;blot污點(diǎn);foul犯規(guī);shortcoming缺點(diǎn),短處,多形容人。故A符合句意。

15.單選題

What（）didtheyemploywhentheyselectedthispictureastheprize-winner?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criterion

B.regulation

C.condition

D.testimony

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：為了完成研究項(xiàng)目，教授給了

簡介。explicit詳盡的，詳述的；formidable可怕的，難以對付的；afflictive令人痛苦的，苦惱的；dominant支配的，顯性的。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.

Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallenduphuddledroundlisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthus-and-suchawayisthatt