書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-安徽信息工程學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.問答題

Therearearound200,000youngpeoplebetweentheagesof11and15smokeintheUK.Itis

A

estimatedthataround20%ofthembuytheircigarettesfromvendingmachines;itavoidsthe

B

C

problemsofface-to-facecontactandtheneedforproofofage.Therewillbeareviewof

vendingmachineswiththepossibilityofpeoplehavingtobuytokenstousethemachines.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;smoking

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。Therebe句型中已包含謂語動詞are，故此處用動詞的現在分詞形式，與邏輯主語之間是主動關系。

2.單選題

Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould（）hisownplanforimproving

thelivingconditionsofthesepeople.

問題1選項

A.puton

B.putout

C.putin

D.putforward

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。句意：如果這里有人不同意我的意見，他應該提出自己的計劃來改善這些人的生活條件。

3.單選題

HiscriticisminjuredJenny’s（）.Sosheisfeelingsadnow.

問題1選項

A.divinity

B.indignity

C.ego

D.mind

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。divinity“神圣，神性”；indignity“侮辱，輕蔑”；ego“自尊心，自我意識”；mind“精神，理智，決心”。句意：他的批評傷害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她現在非常傷心。選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

It’scloudyoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrella.

_____.

問題1選項

A.Yes,takeiteasy.

B.Well,itjustdepends.

C.OK.Justinease.

D.Allright,you’rewelcome.

【答案】C

【解析】考查句意理解。句意：外面多云，請帶傘。_____。所以回答應該是：好的，為了以防萬一。A項“是的，慢慢來”；B項“僅僅取決于”；D項“不客氣”。根據句意選C。

5.翻譯題

1.科學家是一小群努力洞悉自然,在表面的雜亂無序中尋求規律的人,他們具有特殊的能力進行思考與分析,具有無限的耐心進行觀察與收集數據。

2.當時我們所面臨的最關鍵的問題是熟練勞動力的缺乏,用以培訓這種勞動力的大學師資不足,以及我們的大學中由于用于教育和科研的師資和現代化設備短缺造成的研究能力衰退。

3.科學是講求實際的。科學是老老實實的學問,來不得半點虛假,需要付出艱巨的勞動。同時,科學也需要創造,需要幻想,有幻想才能打破傳統的束縛,才能發展科學。

4.如果你著手干一番事業而失敗了,不要喪失信心。“我失敗了三次”與“我是一個失敗者”之間有著天壤之別。只要你對自己不持否定的想法,不把自己與失敗等同起來,而是試圖從失敗中吸取教訓,你很可能在未來取得成功。

【答案】1.Scientistsareagroupofpeoplewhopossessspecialabilitiestothinkandanalyzethingsandhaveendlesspatienceinobservinganddatacollecting.Theyalltrytodiscernthenatureandfindoutregulationsthroughthedisorderlyappearance.

2.Themostvitalproblemswefacedwithatthattimeweretheshortageoflaborers,thelackofuniversityteachersinthetrainingofthoselaborers,andthedeclineintheresearchingcapabilitycausedbythelackofuniversityteachersandmodernequipmentusedforeducationandtechnologyresearch.

3.Sciencealwaysfocusesonrealities.Itneedstheconscientiousrequirementforknowledgeandpermitsofnofalse.Meanwhile,itinvolvespeople’screationandimagination.Andimaginationcanbreakthelimitationoftraditionsanddevelopthescienceconstantly.

4.Don’tbedisappointedifyoufailinthecareeryouhavedone.Theword“Ihaveexperiencedfailureforthreetimes”isabsolutelydifferentfromtheword“Iamaloser”.Aslongasyoudon’tdenyyourself,donotidentifyyourselfwiththefailure,andtrytolearnsomethingfromyourfailure,youwillbelikelytosucceedinthefuture.

6.單選題

TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown;infact,thebakingindustryis（）.

問題1選項

A.adhesive

B.flourishing

C.incidental

D.accommodating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。通過TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房，所以這里的烘焙產業發展不錯。A選項為“可黏的”；B選項為“繁榮的；盛行的”；C選項為“附屬的；偶然的；伴隨發生的”；D選項為“樂于助人的；可通融的；隨和的”。因此，B選項更符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses-fiction,biography,poetryweshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserve,andcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwist,andturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然書有小說、傳記、詩歌之分，我們就應該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應該給予的知識。這說起來很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應該給予的知識。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說必須真實，要求詩歌必須虛構，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見，將會是一個好的開始。不要去強加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無法從書中獲得最大的價值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細入微的寓言和暗示便會讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來，把你帶到一個獨特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會發現，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來要明確得多的東西。

8.單選題

Fiveyearsago,thatcoupleboughtthehouse（）_makingaquickprofitoutofit.

問題1選項

A.witheyesopento

B.ingoodeyesat

C.withaneyeto

D.byaneyeat

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。withaneyeto“著眼于，指望著”為固定搭配。沒有A、B和D項的搭配，可排除。句意：五年前，那對夫婦買下這所房子，希望能很快從中獲利。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Thechild’sparentswere______intoacceptingthedemandofthekidnappers.

問題1選項

A.pleaded

B.intoxicated

C.intimidated

D.besieged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項plead“借口，為……辯護，托稱”，B項intoxicate“（酒或毒品）（使）麻醉，（使）中毒”，C項intimidate“恐嚇，威脅，脅迫”，D項besiege“圍困，包圍，煩擾”。由kidnappers“綁匪”可知，空格處填入“恐嚇”符合語境。句意：孩子的父母受到恐嚇而接受了綁架者的要求。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

10.單選題

Inthelatetwentiethcentury,onemoresymbolicidealofmanhoodhademerged,the“spiritualwarrior”.ConjuredupintheteachingofRobertBlyandotherleadersofthemythopoeticmen’smovement,thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture.Itgrowsfromadirect,consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale.Thespiritualwarriorbelieveshehaslosttouchwiththosepassionsandlosthisabilitytoconnectdirectlywithothermen.Intheprocess,hehasbeenpreventedfromfulfillinghisdeepestspiritualneedsaswell.

Thisunderstandingofmanhoodappealsintenselytomanymenbecauseofitsfocusonfatherhood.Blyandotherslamentthegrowingdistancebetweenfathersandsonsinthemodernworld.Theteachersofthespiritualwarrioridealseethediscriminationofsonsfromtheirfathersrepeatingitselfinthedisconnectionofmenfrompassion,fromthespirit,fromtheirfellowmen.Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury.Forthespokesmenofthatmovementvoicedthesameconcernsabouttheabsenceoffathersthatmenarevoicingtoday.Theyalsoexpressedthesameanxietyaboutthedangersofaboylearninghisvisionofmanhoodthroughtheeyesofmothersandotherwomen.

Thereisoneimportanttraitthatallfouridealsshare.Eachofthemsignifiesaturningawayfromwomen.Theidealofthespiritualwarriorrepresentsaritualquestformanhoodinanall-malesetting.Theidealofthepleasureseekermaytreatwomenasobjectsofpleasureorasaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment,butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings.Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitmentand,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization,itisnosurprisethatadherentsofthisidealviewwomen’sworldwithsuspicion.

Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals.Pristineinitsblindnesstopersonalhistory,thegreatcontestforsuccessistechnicallyopentoanyonewhocanplayandwinaccordingtoitscompetitiverules.Aswehaveseenhistorically,however,themiddle-classmaleworkplacewasconstructedbymenaccordingtosharedmalevaluesandcustomsthatareculturallyalientowomen.Inrecentyears,womenhavemadestatisticalinroadsintheworldoftheteamplayer,butasyetthereislittlechangeculturallyorstatistically—atthelevelwheremostpoweriswielded.Inreality,theidealoftheteamplayerpositsaworldwherewomenhavedifficultysurvivingeventhoughtheyarenotexplicitlyforbiddentoenter.

Americansareoftenproudthattheydiscountthesignificanceofculturaldifferences:“Weareallindividuals,”manypeopleboast.Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,aspiritualwarrior（）.

2.Theword“accessory”(paragraph3)mustprobablymean“”（）”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefouridealsistrue?

4.Theauthorseemstoimplythat（）.

5.Inwritingthisarticle,theauthor（）.

問題1選項

A.istheprototypeofthosewhowereonthequestforprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthe20thcentury

B.isbroughtupbythemotherinsteadofbythefather

C.ispassionateanddissatisfiedwiththefather’srole

D.longsforspiritualfulfillment.

問題2選項

A.chief

B.subordinate

C.necessary

D.perfect

問題3選項

A.Theworldofpleasureseekeristhemostfriendlytowomen

B.Existentialheroesdoubtwhetherwomencouldberegardedaspartofourcivilization.

C.Theteamplayerscanbethoughtofascomparativelymoreopen-mindedtowardwomenthantheotherthreeidealsofman

D.Theteamplayersarethemostpowerfulofallthefouridealsofman.

問題4選項

A.thefouridealsofmanhoodareproductsofaconfiningsociety

B.thequestforfatherhoodissharedbythefoursymbolicidealsofman

C.womenarepersecutedinamale-dominatedsociety

D.womenareassociatedwithrestrictioninourculture

問題5選項

A.severelyattackstheinjusticedonetowomenbythemalechauvinist

B.praisesspiritualwarriorsfortheirenthusiasticspiritualpursuit

C.expresseshisdoubtastothevalidityoftheconceptofequalsociety

D.condemnstherestrictiveforcesinamale-dominatedsociety

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節事實題。A:是那些在20世紀初尋求原始男子氣概形象的原型。第二段指出:Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury(這里出現了一系列與二十世紀初期的原始男子氣概運動相同點)。因此A項錯誤。B:由母親而不是父親撫養長大。C:熱情充溢，對父親的角色不滿。D:渴望精神上的滿足。第一段指出:…thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture(這一形象根源于對在美國文化中占支配地位的其他男性形象的不滿)。以及:Itgrowsfromadirect，consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale(它由直接地、有意識地專注于一種激情發展而來，這種激情被擁護者稱為男性天生的激情)。由此可知精神勇士的形象是源自一種激情和對男性形象的不滿，因此C項正確，B項跟D項不符合文章所述。

第2題:詞義題。根據“butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings(但是認為她們與滿足自己欲望毫無關聯)”推斷asaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment指的是“在追尋享樂的過程中一個可有可無的、附屬的同伴”，因此選B項“從屬的，附屬的”。

第3題:細節事實題。第四段指出:Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals(相比其他幾種形象，具有團隊精神的人的世界本質上沒有那么排斥女性)，因此C項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitment—and,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization(存在主義英雄的形象支持從文明社會的限制中和對永恒以及個人承諾的束縛中解脫出來，并將女性和文明社會的約束之間的聯系賦予到文化當中)。由此推斷D項“女性是和文明社會的約束聯系在一起的”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame(對性別和種族問題的忽視成了‘我們對待所有人都是平等的’這一自豪感的來源。但是當人與人之間本來就存在差異的時候，一視同仁反而不能代表平等公平)。由此可看出作者對于美國社會現存的人人平等的觀念是否真正能夠代表平等公平持懷疑態度，故選C。

11.單選題

Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t（

）theirdifferences,theydecidedtodeclarewaroneachother.

問題1選項

A.resign

B.renew

C.recover

D.restore

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。resign“辭職，放棄”；renew“更新”；recover“恢復”；restore“恢復，還原”。

句意：由于兩國不能放棄他們的不同之處，他們決定相互宣戰。選項A符合題意。

12.不定項選擇題

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

問題2選項

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

問題3選項

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

問題4選項

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

問題5選項

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval.

D.Multiplechoiceexamsarethemostdifficult.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節推斷題。根據題干中的STM可以將答案定位到文章第一段第四句。本題問記憶是如何進入短時記憶中的。第一段第四句提到，“進入短時記憶的信息是通過感覺儲存區域傳遞到那里的。”并在下文解釋說，“大腦有一個過濾機制，只允許當下有用的刺激通過，傳遞到短時記憶中。”由此可見，選項B“它們從感覺儲存區域被過濾”是正確答案。其他三項文中均未提及。

第2題:細節題。題干說科學家認為普通人如何在短時間內記住更多的信息？通過題干我們可以定位到第二段，第二段的主旨就是講如何記住更多的信息，我們再看到第二段的最后一句，“Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM…”這里提示了我們答案為A，也就是重新組織我們需要記憶的東西可以幫助我們提升短時間的記憶容量。

第3題:作者意圖題。問題是：作者寫“狗叫”的目的是什么，前文我們可以看到，“Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.”，作者說這種類型的記憶一旦被打斷就會被忘掉，之后舉例給了一個情景來描述這個現象，他說當一個人在想通過重復讀來記下一個電話號碼時，如果被門鈴或狗叫打斷，那么他就會忘記那個他一直通過重復朗讀而記下來的號碼；那么這里的“dogbark”就是一種打斷的方式，因此B正確。

第4題:事實細節題。根據題干的關鍵詞我們定位到最后一段，A項就是上文講的重點，因此保留；B項不對，這個方法確實是方法之一，但是文章并沒有說它是最有效的；C項與原文正好相反；D項為無關項，因此答案為A。

第5題:細節推斷題。問選項正確與否，我們需要四個選項都看。A項，死記硬背在第二段就被作者否定了，因為一旦被打斷就無法記住，因此A錯誤；B項是無關項，全文都沒有提過要寫下來信息，因此B錯誤；C項是正確的，最后一段的倒數第二句是提示點；D項錯誤，文章只是說多選題可以考查的信息比較多，但是并沒有說它是最難的，沒有論據支持，錯誤，答案為C。

13.填空題

Tidinessmeanskeepingthingsoutofsightandyetavailablewhen(1)______.Itimpliesthatthereisa(2)_____foreverythingandthateachthingusedfindsits(3)_______backtoitsplacebyacontinuousprocess,notbyaspasmodiceffort.Theprocessdepends,however,uponthedrawer,cupboardandstoragespacebeing(4)_____，forlackof(5)________somethingsmayliterallyhavenoplacetogo.Ifthereisnoplaceforthings,itisno(6)_______tellingpeopletoputthemaway.Thearchitectwhothuseconomizes(7)_______storagespaceisapttoclaimthatagood-sizedsitting-roomistheresult.Whatadvantageisthereinthat,however,whenhalftheliving-roomhastobeusedforstorage?Theaestheticorderdepends,inturn,uponstoragespace.(8)_______itmaybetruethatnohouseeverhadcupboardsenough,therearesomehouseswhichhavepracticallynocupboardsatall.Intheseourchoicemustlie(9)________chronicuntidinessandruthlessdestruction.Thatisnottosay,however,thatcupboardspacewillitselfcreate(10)_______.Thereisthequestion,furthermore,whetherthecupboardsthemselvesaretidy.Thateverythinghasbeensweptoutofsightisnoproof,initself,thatanythingcanbefound.

【答案】1.wanted

2.place

3.way

4.provided

5.which

6.good

7.on

8.While

9.between

10.tidiness

【解析】1.考查上下文語義。句意：整潔意味著把東西放在看不見的地方，但是當______時候仍能找到。所以空格中填入wanted表示“當需要用到的時候，仍能找到”。

2.考查上下文語義。句意：這就意味著每個物體都有一個_______，并且每樣被使用的物體都能通過連續的過程而不是間斷的努力找到它的________回到原處。所以空各種填入place表示“每個物體都有屬于它的地點或位置”。

3.考查上下文語義。句意：這就意味著每個物體都有一個專屬的地點，并且每樣被使用的物體都能通過連續的過程而不是間斷的努力找到它的________回到原處。所以填入way表示“每樣被使用的物體都能通過連續的過程而不是間斷的努力找到放回原處的”

4.考查上下文語義。句意：然而，這個過程取決于抽屜、櫥柜或被_________的貯藏空間。所以填入provided表示“被提供的貯藏空間”。

5.考查定語從句語法。句意：然而，這個過程取決于抽屜、櫥柜或被提供的貯藏空間。因為缺少________，有些東西真的無處可放。所以填入關系代詞which，指代上文的“storagespace”，表示“缺少貯藏空間”。

6.考查上下文語義。句意：如果沒有地方放東西，要求人們將東西收拾好是________的。所以填入“good”表示“要求人們將東西收拾好是不合適的”。

7.考查介詞搭配。句意：能夠有效地利用貯存空間的建筑師傾向于認為一件寬敞的客廳是最好的結果。所以填入介詞on，與不及物動詞economize構成搭配，表示“在…..上節省或有效利用”。

8.考查連詞。句意：沒有一間房子是擁有足夠的櫥柜的事實是真實的，有些房子幾乎沒有櫥柜。所以填入連接詞while引導讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管”。

9.考查介詞。句意：在這些房子里面，我們的選擇只能在于長期的不整潔和無情的破壞之間。所以填入between表示“在兩者之間”。

10.考查上下文語義。句意：然而，這并不是說櫥柜本身能創造_________。此外，還有一個問題，就是櫥柜本身是否整潔。一切都被清理得看不見了，本身并不能證明能輕易找到東西。所以填入tidiness表示“這并不是說櫥柜本身能創造整潔”。

14.單選題

EvenasachildIwasnotagreatfanofcartoon,butmydaughterwatchesthemwhenevershecan,withnoapparentilleffectsonherattitudeorherperformanceatschool.

問題1選項

A.Evenasachild

B.fanofcartoon

C.themwhenevershecan

D.apparentilleffectsonher

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】代詞誤用。them改成it,此處的代詞指代前面的cartoon,因為是單數名詞，故需要用it。

15.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問題1選項

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

問題2選項

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問題3選項

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項“指出有關太陽活動的兩種相對的科學理論并對其各自的地質依據進行評價”，B選項“簡要概述近期科學在太陽物理學方面的發展并且就他們對未來氣候研究的影響做出評價”，C選項“討論將地球上的各種現象與太陽活動聯系起來的困難性并指出問題的解決方法影響著我們對太陽物理活動的理解”，D選項“概述有關太陽物理的問題之所以一直沒解決的原因并且對現代物理學家過度理論化的方法進行指責”，根據文章大意可以推斷出C選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章對太陽活動的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關的太陽活動周期將會在幾十億年內維持基本不變”可知在第一種模式中，太陽活動的周期是與太陽大范圍的磁場相關的并且太陽活動周期是可以長期維持基本不變的。根據第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在這種模式中，與太陽磁場相關的太陽機制變化更快，因此，太陽活動周期的特點也會在很長一段時間后有所變化”可知在第二種模式中太陽活動的周期也是和太陽磁場相關的，但是太陽活動周期是會有所變化的。所以A選項‘在這兩個模型中，周期性的太陽活動被認為是太陽的一個長期特征，在數十億年的時間里幾乎沒有變化。’和C選項‘在一個模型中，太陽磁場被認為是導致太陽活動的一個因素，而在另一個模型中則不是。’表錯誤，D選項文章中沒有體現，所以B選項正確。

3.細節事實題。根據文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太陽活動極小期的真實性還有待考證，特別是中國當時肉眼觀察到的太陽活動的記錄又與其相矛盾”確定A選項‘他們認為,蒙德極小期的數據是建立不正確的。’符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關的太陽活動周期將會在幾十億年內維持基本不變”確定D選項“數億年前太陽活動的周期性特征和如今太陽活動的周期性相同”是對第一種模式的支持。

16.單選題

______thebadweatherha