書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.

Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.

Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

2.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit（）.

4.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.

B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.

C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.

D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sheisemotionallyshocked

B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance

C.shetakespartinallkindofactivities

D.shestickstostudying

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.everythingfromhismother

B.aknowledgeofmathematics

C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence

D.hermother'smusicalability

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.surelybecomemusician

B.mostlybecomeapoet

C.possiblybecomeateacher

D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.RoleofInheritance.

B.AnUnbornChild.

C.Functionofinstincts.

D.InheritedTalents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:以下哪項(xiàng)不正確？A:孕期媽媽通過學(xué)習(xí)詩歌、藝術(shù)或者數(shù)學(xué)，以影響寶寶的某種品質(zhì)。B:完全不能從產(chǎn)前發(fā)育中學(xué)到什么。C:母親的血管和孩子沒有直接連接。D:母親和寶寶之間的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)沒有連接。文章第一句指出:Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible(孕期媽媽通過學(xué)習(xí)詩歌、藝術(shù)或者數(shù)學(xué)，以影響寶寶的某種品質(zhì)，以期獲得眾所周知的“產(chǎn)前發(fā)展”，但是，這似乎是不可能的)。因此A項(xiàng)正確,B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。第一段還指出:Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly(母親和寶寶之間的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)沒有連接。甚至，母親的血管和孩子沒有直接連接),因此C和D項(xiàng)正確。答案選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:在什么情況下，母親影響未出生的寶寶？第一段指出:Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse(媽媽情緒上的波動(dòng)會(huì)影響到寶寶，因?yàn)檫@能改變她腺體的活性和血液中的化學(xué)成分。媽媽血液中化學(xué)成分的任何改變都會(huì)或好或壞的影響到寶寶)。因此，A項(xiàng)“她的情緒波動(dòng)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:根據(jù)文章，孩子會(huì)遺傳什么？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞child和inherit定位至第二段:Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence(然而，可能是孩子或多或少遺傳了相當(dāng)普通的能力,我們把它稱之為智力)。因此，C項(xiàng)“我們稱之為智力的一種相當(dāng)普通的能力”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:如果孩子從母親那遺傳了一些東西，如特別靈敏的耳朵、構(gòu)造獨(dú)特的雙手和特別的發(fā)音器官，那么，他會(huì)怎么樣？第三段指出:Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician(對(duì)于音樂才能，寶寶可能遺傳的可能是特別靈敏的耳朵、構(gòu)造獨(dú)特的雙手、由神經(jīng)和肌肉相互連接的發(fā)音器官，而上述條件能讓一個(gè)人相對(duì)容易地習(xí)得音樂家的動(dòng)作和特別飽滿的感情。如果這些因素都圍繞音樂而被組織起來，那么，孩子可能成為音樂家)。因此選D項(xiàng)“在所有因素都圍繞著音樂而組織的時(shí)候，他會(huì)成為音樂家”。

5.主旨大意題。題干意為:最適合文章的標(biāo)題是…文章主要是通過介紹孕期媽媽與未出生的寶寶相關(guān)品質(zhì)的關(guān)系，進(jìn)而分析在寶寶的天賦形成過程中，遺傳起到什么樣的作用。因此A項(xiàng)“遺傳的角色”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould（

）.

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain（

）.

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis（

）.

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat（

）.

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecausesaffectingweather

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarningeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels.

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere.

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheastrospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly.

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段的內(nèi)容為：在大氣中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面單面鏡子或溫室屋頂上的玻璃，它允許陽光進(jìn)入，但阻止熱量溢出。因此選D，在大氣中二氧化碳的濃度將提高地球表面的溫度。

第2題:主旨大意題。文章第一段至第四段主要講了二氧化碳對(duì)全球氣候的影響，最后兩段主要講了太陽活動(dòng)對(duì)全球氣候變暖的影響，因此選D，本文主要解釋影響天氣的原因。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第五段中However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling...Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?和第六段中第一句Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun（一種可能是太陽的變化行為）可知選D，部分的原因是太陽活動(dòng)的變化。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.（問題是，這些模型預(yù)測(cè)，世界應(yīng)該進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的冰河時(shí)代，但事實(shí)并非如此）可知A選項(xiàng)“世界氣候應(yīng)該變得更冷”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.（如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的溫室效應(yīng)可以抵消太陽熱量的減少）可知選B，如果關(guān)于新冰河延期的假設(shè)是正確的，那么冰很快就會(huì)覆蓋北半球。

3.單選題

Someorganizationsfindthemselvesfacedwithnewproductopportunities,orwithprojectsthathavea（）startingandendingpoint.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.definite

B.definitive

C.defined

D.defining

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)definite“一定的；明確的”；B選項(xiàng)definitive“最后的；確定的”；C選項(xiàng)defined“界定的；輪廓清晰的”；D選項(xiàng)defining“最典型的；起決定性作用的”。句意：一些組織發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己面臨著新的產(chǎn)品機(jī)會(huì)，或者有起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)的項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句意可推斷出空格處應(yīng)為“明確的”，A、B選項(xiàng)均有此意，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同，definite強(qiáng)調(diào)明顯、清楚、有把握；definitive強(qiáng)調(diào)最終、權(quán)威、不可更改，側(cè)重于最終的結(jié)果，這里是修飾“起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)”，并非強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thefathercan’tevendisciplinehimself,______agoodexampletohischildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchmoretoset

B.muchlesssetting

C.muchlesstoset

D.stillmoresetting

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)muchmore“更加；多得多”，后面接形容詞；B選項(xiàng)muchlessdoing“更不用說”，后面可跟名詞、代詞和從句；C選項(xiàng)muchlesstodo非固定搭配；D選項(xiàng)stillmore“更加”。句意：這位父親甚至不能約束自己，______給他的孩子做個(gè)好榜樣了。根據(jù)語境，這里指不能約束自己，就更加不能做個(gè)好榜樣了，B選項(xiàng)muchlessdoing“更不用說”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

______isyoursubstitutionofsomeoneelseforyourselfinregardtoaskingforyourlegalright.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Subjugation

B.Subrogation

C.Subversion

D.Submerge

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)subjugation“征服，鎮(zhèn)壓”，B項(xiàng)subrogation“代理，代替”，C項(xiàng)subversion“顛覆，破壞”，D項(xiàng)submerge“淹沒，把……浸入”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞substitution“代替”可知，空格處對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞是B項(xiàng)subrogation“代理，代替”。句意：代理權(quán)是指你以他人代替你自己來要求你的合法權(quán)利。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)TheUKisamongninecountrieslobbyingBrusselstoeaseproposedrulesondataprotection—inamovethatwillcomeasarelieftoUStechnologycompaniesincludingGoogleandFacebookwhichhavebeenincreasinglyconcernedaboutpotentialeffectsontheirbusiness.

TheUSgovernmenthasalsolobbiedtheEuropeancommissionnottotoughentherules,arguingthatitwouldspecificallyhinderAmericancompaniesthroughitsproposedswingeingfinesfordatabreaches,whichcouldhavebeenupto2%ofglobalturnover.

TheUK’sInformationCommissioner’sOfficeissuggestingthatindividualcountriesshouldbegivenmoreleewaytointerpretthelawasappropriate,usinga“risk-based”approach.“Ifyouhaveabutcherwhosedataprocessingonlyaffects20localpeople,youneedtobeabletotreataninfringementtheredifferentlyfromacompanywithprivatehealthrecords,”saidaspokespersonfortheICO.OthercountriesincludingGermany,SwedenandBelgiumhavemadesimilarobjections.

TheEChadplannedtohaveatimetableforthenewrulesbyJune.(47)Howeveritcouldtakeyearsbeforetherulesarefinalizedandimplemented.

(48)TheEC’saimistocreateaunifiedsetofprivacystandardsforall27countriesintheEU,andironoutnationalvariationsthathaveledtosomeconfusion.Theywouldalsomakeiteasierforcompanieswhoseprincipalfocusisprocessingdatatooperate—forexamplebydroppingtherequirementforanameddataprotectionofficer.

TheFTreportsthatamemodraftedbytheIrishpresidency,representingEUcountries,admitsthat“severalmemberstateshavevoicedtheirdisagreementwiththelevelofprescriptivenessofanumberoftheproposedobligationsinthedraftregulation.”

Oneofthemostcontroversialideasbeingputforwardisa“righttobeforgotten”,proposedbytheECjusticecommissioner,VivianeReding.(49)SheunveiledtheideainJanuary2012,suggestedthatpeopleshouldbeabletodemandthatdataaboutthemisdeletedfromcompanies’datastoresunlesstherewere“l(fā)egitimate”groundstoretainit.

(50)Googleinparticularhaslobbiedfiercelyagainstthatidea,onthebasisthatitwoulddisruptitsstoresofdataandcreateholesinwhatisineffectahistoricalrecord.Reding’steamarguedthatitwasnecessaryinordertoletteenagersandyoungadultscontrolhowtheywouldbeviewedastheymatured—sothatembarrassingactsthatwouldneverhavebeenheardaboutbeforetheinternetwouldnotbecomewidelyknownandineffectstaywiththemthroughtheirlives.

Butthedeletionrequestswouldnothaveappliedtomedicalorpolicerecords.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.英國是游說歐盟放松擬議數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)規(guī)則的9個(gè)國家之一。此舉將讓日益擔(dān)心其業(yè)務(wù)受到潛在影響的谷歌和社交網(wǎng)站“臉書”等美國科技公司松一口氣，因?yàn)檫@些公司一直都擔(dān)心它們的業(yè)務(wù)可能受到影響。

47.然而，這些規(guī)則的最終確定和實(shí)施可能需要數(shù)年時(shí)間。

48.歐盟的目標(biāo)是為歐盟所有27個(gè)成員國建立一套統(tǒng)一的隱私標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，消除導(dǎo)致混亂的國家差異。

49.她在2012年1月公布了這一想法，她建議除非有合法理由保留這些數(shù)據(jù)，否則人們應(yīng)該有能力要求公司在數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)中刪除關(guān)于他們的數(shù)據(jù)。

50.谷歌公司尤其對(duì)這個(gè)想法進(jìn)行了激烈的游說反對(duì)，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)破壞它的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)并在歷史記錄中產(chǎn)生漏洞。

7.單選題

ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder（筑堤人）culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewestanotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisiansandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisaded（用柵圍護(hù)）Indiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics（陶器）finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmica（云母）sheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintoolmaking,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed（

）.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewas

located（

）.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe（

）

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheMississippianculture.

B.ThedeclineofMoundBuilderculture.

C.ThearchitectureofMeso-AmericanIndians.

D.Theeasternwoodlandstribes.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theMoundBuilderculture

B.warfareinAD500

C.thegeographyoftheMississippiarea

D.agricultureneartheMississippiRiver

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.inessentiallythesamearea

B.farthersouthalongthewatershed

C.totheeast

D.tothewest

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.easternwoodlandtribes

B.MoundBuilders

C.Meso-Americans

D.Egyptians

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.palacesfortheroyalfamilies

B.fortressesfordefense

C.centersforconductingtrade

D.placesforburyingthedead

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。作者以時(shí)間為軸線介紹了密西西比文化。

2.推斷題。第一句為:ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder（筑堤人）culturewasdeclining,緊接著這種文化衰退的兩個(gè)可能性的因素，進(jìn)而又講述了另一種文化的繁榮。因此推測(cè)上一段應(yīng)該是關(guān)于'theMoundBuilderculture’。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章介紹完‘筑堤人文化’之后接著說到‘Tothewestanotherculture/因此可以得知‘密西西比文化位于筑堤人文化的西邊。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章指出:begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes(密西西比文化開始向東影響大多數(shù)技術(shù)落后的林地部落的生活)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章指出:builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces(‘themounds'是用來做葬禮和祭祀的地方)。

8.單選題

AttheendoftheSecondWorldWar,Americanspendingonresearchanddevelopment（

）

halftheworld’stotal;today,ithasdroppedtoonethird.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.madeup

B.madefor

C.madeupfor

D.madefrom

【答案】A

【解析】句意:二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束吋，美國在研究和發(fā)展上的支出占世界在這些方面總支出的一半，如今該比例下降到了三分之一。

考查短語辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)短語的過去式。makeup和解，和好，組成，構(gòu)成，編造，化妝，拿定主意;makefor為…生產(chǎn)；走向，有利于，撲向；makeupfor補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)救；makefrom由…制造，用…制成，以…謀生。

9.單選題

Shespentahappyafternoon______hercoinsandstamps.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makingout

B.sortingout

C.figuringout

D.turningout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)makingout“理解；證明；填寫完”；B選項(xiàng)sortingout“整理；挑選”；C選項(xiàng)figuringout“解決；算出”；D選項(xiàng)turningout“原來是”。句意：她______她的硬幣和郵票，度過了一個(gè)快樂的下午。根據(jù)語境，sortingout“整理；挑選”搭配coinsandstamps“硬幣和郵票”比較合適。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttryto（1）thatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience（2）itcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnot（3）theminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublichasaratherambivalentattitude（4）science.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardof（5）thatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.Thisdistrustisevidentinthecartoon（6）ofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.Itisalsoanimportant（7）behindsupportfortheGreenparties.

Whatcanbedoneto（8）thisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoften（9）inadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon’tseeits（10）totheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareaconciseandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicsideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assess

B.discern

C.ensure

D.anticipate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.sothat

C.despitethat

D.though

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.clutch

B.leave

C.fabricate

D.nurture

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.with

C.upon

D.toward

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.living

B.life

C.survival

D.lives

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.literature

B.person

C.art

D.figure

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.role

B.concept

C.element

D.index

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.constrain

B.harness

C.foster

D.extinguish

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.presented

B.conducted

C.portrayed

D.utilized

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.contribution

C.application

D.relevance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:B

【解析】（1）名詞詞義辨析。assess“評(píng)估”;discern“辨別”;ensure“確?！?anticipate“預(yù)期”。句意：我們不能阻止科學(xué)和技術(shù)改變我們的世界，我們至少可以努力確保這些改變是正確的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）邏輯推理。根據(jù)文意，在民主社會(huì)中，公民需要對(duì)科學(xué)有一個(gè)基本的了解，以便于他們可以自己做出明智的決定。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（3）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。clutch“抓住”;leave“留給”;fabricate“編造”;nurture“養(yǎng)育”。句意：人們可以做出明智的決定，而不會(huì)把問題都留在專家手中。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（4）短語搭配。attitudetowards“對(duì)……的態(tài)度”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（5）短語搭配。根據(jù)文意，人們想要提高生活水平，故“standardofliving”生活水平符合題意。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（6）根據(jù)文意，人們對(duì)科學(xué)的不信任，體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)畫中塑造的那些科學(xué)家卡通人物，他們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室制造科學(xué)怪人。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）名詞詞義辨析。role“角色，任務(wù)”；concept“概念，想法”；element“要素”；index“指數(shù)”。句意：這個(gè)在支持綠黨中發(fā)揮著重要作用。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（8）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。constrain“強(qiáng)迫”；harness“利用”；foster“培養(yǎng)”；extinguish“熄滅”。句意：為了讓公眾們做出明智的決定，我們應(yīng)該怎么做去培養(yǎng)他們的興趣以及給他們提供科學(xué)背景呢？選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。present“提出”；conduct“指揮，管理”，portray“描繪”；utilize“利用”。句意：但是在學(xué)校，科學(xué)往往是以一種枯燥無味的方式描繪出來的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）名詞詞義辨析。meaning“含義”；contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”；application“應(yīng)用”；relevance“相關(guān)性”根據(jù)文意，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)只是為了通過考試，不了解科學(xué)對(duì)他們周圍的世界帶來的好處。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.寫作題

Directions:Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,usingrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.

Someeducationalsystemsemphasizethedevelopmentofstudent’scapacityforreasoningandlogicalthinking,butstudentswouldbenefitmorefromaneducationthatalsotaughtthemtoexploretheirownemotions.Writeacompositionofabout400wordsentitledStudentsWouldBenefitsMorefromanEducationofEmotions.

【答案】【略】

12.單選題

Theguestswereinajubilantmoodastheweddingbegan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exultant

B.conciliatory

C.reverent

D.receptive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ajubilant意為“喜慶洋洋的，歡欣鼓舞的”；exultant意為“狂喜的；興高采烈的”；conciliatory意為“調(diào)解的，安撫的”；reverent意為“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意為“樂于接受的”。

句意：婚禮開始時(shí)，客人們都喜氣洋洋。

13.單選題

Thechildrensinginganddancingonthemeadowmadeacharmingspectacle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tool

B.glasses

C.scenery

D.sight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tool“工具”；B選項(xiàng)glasses“眼鏡”；C選項(xiàng)scenery“景色”；D選項(xiàng)sight“視力”。句意：孩子們?cè)诓莸厣铣韬吞?，?gòu)成了一幅迷人的景象。劃線部分spectacle是景象的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thailand'sPrimeMinistertoldthenationonalivetelevisionthatthegovernmentwasgoingto（）terrorists（）the"red-shirt"protesters.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hinder…from

B.distinguish…from

C.prevent..from

D.distinct…from

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。hinder…from妨礙，阻止；distinguish…from區(qū)分，辨別；prevent..from預(yù)防，防止；distinct…from與…不同。句意：泰國總理阿披實(shí)星期一在電視上對(duì)全國人民說，將把恐怖分子和紅衫軍抗議者區(qū)分開。只有B項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

TheChinesevolleyballteamannouncedthattheywouldnot（

）firstplacetoanyteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yell

B.yield

C.yoke

D.yearn

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)yell“叫喊，大聲叫”；B選項(xiàng)yield“屈服，投降，讓步，放棄”；C選項(xiàng)yoke“給……上軛，強(qiáng)行；使結(jié)合，使聯(lián)合”；D選項(xiàng)yearn“渴望，渴求”。由firstplace（第一名）可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：中國排球隊(duì)宣布他們不會(huì)把第一名讓給任何一支球隊(duì)。

16.單選題

Thechairmanmadea(n)（）statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessofthemeeting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensive

B.intermediate

C.preliminary

D.operational

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。intensive加強(qiáng)的，集中的；intermediate中間的，起媒介作用的；preliminary初步的；operational操作的，運(yùn)行的。句意：主席在開始會(huì)議的主要工作之前作了初步發(fā)言。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

17.單選題

Thepsychologistcitedseveralinstancesofinsubordinatebehavior.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neglected

B.worried

C.mentioned

D.reduced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：心理學(xué)家……幾個(gè)不服從行為的例子。cite指的是引用，列舉。A選項(xiàng)neglect“忽略，忽視”；B選項(xiàng)worry“擔(dān)心”；C選項(xiàng)mention“提及，談到”；D選項(xiàng)reduce“減少，縮小”。選項(xiàng)C代入后最符合語境。

18.填空題

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualfromensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.

Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bfrom改為by

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】介詞。

【解題思路】protect為這里的謂語動(dòng)詞，指的是維護(hù)個(gè)體自由，B部分到句尾指的是維護(hù)個(gè)體自由的方式，介詞by“（表示方式）”符合語境。

【句意】競(jìng)爭(zhēng)可以權(quán)力壟斷，維護(hù)個(gè)體自由。與全能的政府相比，許多企業(yè)為了利潤(rùn)而相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

19.問答題

Increasingthetaxonhouseholdgoodsisboundtocausetrouble.(It’sasking)

【答案】It’saskingfortroubletoincreasethetaxonhouseholdgoods.

20.單選題

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad（

）bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。traversed橫越，穿過；transferred使轉(zhuǎn)移，使調(diào)動(dòng)；trampled踐踏，無視；trespass侵占，侵入。句意：她是一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的旅行者，在她二十多歲的時(shí)候就穿越了非洲和歐洲。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意，答案A

21.單選題

HistorianJacksonTurnerclaimedthatthefrontierproducedtheindividualismthatisthe（

）ofAmericancultureandthatthisindividualisminturnpromoteddemocraticinstitutionsandeconomicequality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hallmark

B.drawback

C.continuity

D.ambiguity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hallmark“特質(zhì)；品質(zhì)證明”；B選項(xiàng)drawback“缺點(diǎn)；不利條件；退稅”；C選項(xiàng)continuity“連續(xù)性”；D選項(xiàng)ambiguity“含糊；模棱兩可的話”。句意：歷史學(xué)家杰克遜?特納聲稱邊疆地區(qū)產(chǎn)生了個(gè)人主義，而個(gè)人主義正是美國文化的……，這種個(gè)人主義反過來又促進(jìn)了民主制度和經(jīng)濟(jì)平等。由句意可知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

22.單選題

BeijingisthepoliticalcentreofChina，neverthelessitisarguablyatleastasimportantasacentreofthearts，includingsuchfieldsaspainting,dramaandfilm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.China，nevertheless

B.arguablyatleastasimportant

C.asacentreofthearts

D.includingsuchfieldsas

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】E

23.單選題

Iregret___somuchtimeandmoneyonstamps.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towaste

B.forwasting

C.havingwasted

D.atwasting

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。waste表示“浪費(fèi)，濫用；消耗；使荒蕪”，regretdoing“對(duì)做過的事表示遺憾、后悔”。句意：我___在郵票上浪費(fèi)了那么多時(shí)間和金錢。本句表達(dá)“后悔已經(jīng)在郵票上浪費(fèi)那么多錢和時(shí)間”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Moviedirectorsusemusicto（）theactiononthescreen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.contemplate

D.complement

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contaminate“污染，弄臟”；compliment“恭維，稱贊”；contemplate“沉思，注視”；complement“補(bǔ)足，補(bǔ)助”。句意：電影導(dǎo)演運(yùn)用音樂去補(bǔ)充屏幕上的動(dòng)作。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

25.單選題

Theyoungartistcreates（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.marbletranslucentsculptures

B.translucentmarblesculptures

C.marblesculpturestranslucent

D.translucentsculpturesmarble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞序。當(dāng)名詞前有多個(gè)形容詞做定語時(shí)，這些形容詞的排序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~（冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、數(shù)詞等）+表示觀點(diǎn)的描述性形容詞+形狀、大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低+年齡、新舊+顏色+國籍、地區(qū)+物質(zhì)材料+中心詞。translucent（半透明的）指顏色，marble（大理石）指物質(zhì)材料，sculpture（雕像）