英語句子成份和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)簡單句五個(gè)基本句型主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞 Shecame．.主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語 ShelikesEnglish.主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋主語補(bǔ)語 Sheishappy．主語＋動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語 ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主語＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)語Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.

主謂賓名／代－－動(dòng)詞－－名／代we--saw--you.we--did--thework.主系表名／代－系動(dòng)詞－形容次／名詞／代詞youarebeautifulyouseemsworried.youareastufent.相同點(diǎn)都三部分，主語也一樣．不一樣動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)一樣，否定式不一樣．動(dòng)詞加助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞不用．表語能夠是形容詞，賓語不行．只有賓語有補(bǔ)足語2、句子成份：英語句子成份分為七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。1、主語是句子所要說人或事物,回答是“誰”或者“什么”。通慣用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：I’mMissGreen.(我是格林小姐)2、謂語動(dòng)詞說明主語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),回答“做(什么)”。主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.(杰克天天清掃房間)3、表語在系動(dòng)詞之后,說明主語身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。如：MynameisPingping.(我名字叫萍萍)

4、賓語表示及物動(dòng)詞對(duì)象或結(jié)果,回答做是“什么”。通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：Hecanspelltheword.(他能拼這個(gè)詞)有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)指物,一個(gè)指人。指物叫直接賓語,指人叫間接賓語。間接賓語普通放在直接賓語前面。如：Hewroteme

aletter.(他給我寫了一封信)有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前組成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。如：Hewrotealettertome.(他給我寫了一封信)5、定語修飾名詞或代詞,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。如：Shanghaiisabigcity.(上海是個(gè)大城市)6、狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,通常由副詞擔(dān)任。如：Heworkshard.(他工作努力)7、賓語補(bǔ)足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么,通常由形容詞或動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。如：Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.(他們通常讓教室保持清潔)/Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.(他經(jīng)常幫我做功課)/TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.(老師要我自學(xué)法語)8☆同位語通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后面,深入說明它情況。如：Whereisyourclassmate

Tom?(你同學(xué)湯姆在哪里？)1.主語（subject）：句子說明人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（名詞）

Helikesdancing.（代詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)

Seeingisbelieving.（動(dòng)名詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）(一）指出以下句中主語中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.謂語（predicate）：是對(duì)主語加以陳說，表示主語行為或狀態(tài)，慣用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語后面。WestudyEnglish.

Heisasleep.(二).選出句中謂語中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.表語（predicative）：系動(dòng)詞之后成份，表示主語性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.

（名詞）

Youdon’tlookit.（代詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）

Heisasleep.

（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.（副詞）

Thepictureisonthewall.

(介詞短語)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.

（形容詞化分詞）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表語從句）常見連系動(dòng)詞“存在”類:表示存在或含有某種特征或狀態(tài).這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“存在”。常見有:be(是),look(看起來),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證實(shí)是),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等。比如:Thestorysoundstrue.Thoseorangestastegoodstar.2.“連續(xù)”類:表示某種情況或狀態(tài)連續(xù)。這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“連續(xù)”。常見有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續(xù)、依舊),stand(處于某情況或情形)等。比如:Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwillstayfreshforseveraldays.It'salreadyteninthemorning.Thestoreremainsclosed.What'sthematter?3.“改變”類:表示由一個(gè)情況或狀態(tài)改變成另一個(gè)情況或狀態(tài)。這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“改變”后情況或狀態(tài).常見有:become(變成),turn(變成),grow(變得),get(變得)等。比如:Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobadinhotweather.(三)挑出以下句中表語①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.①tired

②worried

③yellow

④interested

⑤first

4.賓語：1）動(dòng)賓表示行為對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：IlikeChina.（名詞）

Hehatesyou.（代詞）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語從句）2）介詞后名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-----介賓 Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3）雙賓語-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegaveme

abookyesterday.

Givethepoorman

somemoney(四)挑出以下句中賓語①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.

hishomework

②English

③yourpronunciation

④newwords

⑤togoswimming5.賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名詞）

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名詞）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介詞短語）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（過去分詞）擴(kuò)展：主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語補(bǔ)充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(五)挑出以下句中賓語補(bǔ)足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?

①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room

②totaketheboyoutofschool

③Lily

④getonthebus

⑤playingfootballontheplayground

劃出句中直接賓語和間接賓語①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?6.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞詞、詞組或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.（數(shù)詞）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過去分詞）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語從句）(六)挑出以下句中定語①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.①family

②given

③third

④some

⑤downstairs7.狀語：用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.

Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.

HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.

Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.

(七)挑出以下句中狀語①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.

①ontheface

②Everynight

③whenhewaseleven

④fast

⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm

八、同位語當(dāng)一個(gè)概念詞在前，后面詞、詞組或者句子是在解釋前者時(shí)，而且二者語法功效相同，后者就是前者同位語。Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.我們英語老師——布萊克先生是個(gè)優(yōu)異網(wǎng)球手。Football,theonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.足球----他唯一興趣，讓他結(jié)交了許多朋友。YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.昨天我碰到了我弟弟朋友湯姆。

That’sherhabit,readinginbed.躺在床上看書是她習(xí)慣。Yoursuggestion,tostrikewhiletheironishot,seemedagoodidea.你提議趁熱打鐵，這個(gè)提議很好。Hegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedimmediately.他發(fā)出指示要馬上開始工作。Youstillhaven’tansweredmyquestionwhyyoudidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.你還沒有回答我昨天為何沒有上學(xué)。同位語從句常跟在一些名詞后，對(duì)其作深入解釋。這些名詞包含：fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,question.這類從句經(jīng)常有that引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)也能夠用what,why,whether,when等引導(dǎo)。(九)插入語插入語是說話者對(duì)所表達(dá)意思補(bǔ)充、強(qiáng)調(diào)、解釋或者說話態(tài)度，其位置靈活經(jīng)常用逗號(hào)或者破折號(hào)分開，而且在語法上不影響其他成份。1.插入語常以副詞（副詞短語）、形容詞（形容詞短語）、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語等形式出現(xiàn)。（1）常見副詞及短語：indeed，surely，however，obviously，frankly，naturally，luckily/happilyforsb.certainly等。

(九)■Therebe句型拓展：Therebe+句詞詞組”中，there為虛詞，be后面名詞詞組為句子真正主語。該句式在使用時(shí)須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：★Therebe句式表示“有”時(shí)，它表示一個(gè)存在關(guān)系，通常帶有一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語，意為“什么地方（時(shí)候）有……”。句式中主語只能為表泛指名詞詞組，另外，其主語還能夠帶前置或后置定語。比如：1.Thereisablackboardintheclassroom.2.Therearefiveminutestogo.3.Therearetwooldwomenwaitingfo