歷年大學英語六級閱讀理解真題及答案匯總1993年1月大學英語六級閱讀理解真題及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ProtestsattheuseofanimalsinresearchhavetakenanewandfearfulcharacterinBritainwiththeattemptedmurderoftwoBritishscientistsbytheterroristtechniqueofthepre-plantedcar-bomb.Theresearchcommunitywillrightlybealarmedatthesedevelopments,whichhavetwoobjectives:toarousepublicattentionandtofrightenpeopleworkinginresearchwithanimals.Thefirstneedisthateverythingshouldbedonetoidentifythoseresponsibleforthecrimesandtoputthemontrail.TheDefenceResearchSocietyhastakenthepracticalstepofofferingarewardof10,000poundsforinformationleadingtothoseresponsible,butpastexperienceisnotencouraging.Peopleareunlikelytobetemptedbysuchoffers.TheprofessionalpolicewillsimilarlybeconfrontedbytheusualproblemofHndinganeedleinahaystack.Thatiswhytheintellectual（知識分子）communityinBritainandelsewheremustactmorevigorouslyinitsowndefence.Thereareseveralstepsthatcanbetaken,ofwhichthechiefoneistodemandofalltheorganizationsthatexistwiththedeclaredobjectivesofsafeguardingtheinterestsofanimalsthattheyshoulddeclareclearlywheretheystandonviolencetowardspeople.Anditwillnotbeenoughforthechairmenandchairwomenoftheseorganizationstoutterplacatory（安撫的）statementsonbehalfofalltheirmembers.Thesepeopleshouldalsoundertakethatitwillbeatestofcontinuingmembershipintheirorganizationsthatmembersandwouldbemembersshoulddeclarethattheywilltakenopartinactsofviolenceagainsthumanbeings.Evensuchundertakingswouldnotbefullyeffective:people,afterall,canlie.Butatleasttheywoulddistinguishtheorganizationsentitledtoacontinuingvoiceinthedialoguewiththeresearchcommunityabouttherightsofanimalsinresearchfromtheorganizationsthatdeservenosay.Thewords"thesedevelopments"(Para.2,Line1)mostprobablyreferto.theactsofviolenceagainstscientiststheuseofanimalsinresearchthetechniquesofplantingbombsincarstheestablishmentofnewanimalprotectionorganizationWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Thepoliceabandonedtheireffortsto行ndthecriminals.Theterroristsescapedwiththehelpoftheirorganizations.TheattemptedmurdercausedgraveanxietyamongBritishscientists.PeoplesympathizedmurdercausedgraveanxietyamongBritishscientists.Theauthor'spurposeinwritinghisarticleistodemandthatanimal-protectingorganizations.declaretheirobjectivesclearlygiveuptheuseofviolencecontinuethedialoguewiththescientificcommunityhelptofindthoseresponsiblefortheattemptedmurderIntheauthor'sopinion.sincepeoplecanlie,theproblemabouttheirrightsofscientistscan'tbesolvedanimal-protectingorganizationsaboutbeheldresponsibleforactsofviolenceagainstscientistsanimalprotectionorganizationsshouldbedeclaredillegalthescientistsshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselvesWhatdoestheword“they"(Para.3,Line3)referto?Theanimal-protectingorganizations.Theorganizationsthatwilltalkwiththeresearchcommunity.Thosewhosupporttheuseofanimalsinresearch.Thosewhosupporttheanimal-protectionorganizations.Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theearliertypeofsuburb,whichwasmostdependentontherailroad,hadaspecialadvantagethatcouldbefullyappreciatedonlyafterithaddisappeared.Thesesuburbs,spreadoutalongarailroadline,werediscontinuousandproperlyspaced;andwithouttheaidoflegislation(法規)theywerelimitedinpopulationaswellasarea;forthebiggestrarelyheldasmanyastenthousandpeople,andunderfivethousandwasmoreusual.In1950,forexample,Bronxville,NewYork,atypicalupper-classsuburb,had6,778people,whileRiverside,Illinois,foundedasearlyas1869,hadonly9.153.Thesizeandscaleofthesuburb,thatofneighborhoodunit,wasnotentirelytheresultofitsopenplanning,whichfavoredlowdensities.Beingservedbyarailroadline,withstationstopsfromthreetofivemilesapart,therewasanaturallimittothespreadofanyparticularcommunity.Househadtobesited“withineasywalkingdistanceoftherailroadstation,"assomeoldresidentswouldpointout;andonlythosewealthyenoughtoaffordahorseandacarriagedaredtopenetratefartherintotheopencountry.Throughitsspacedstationstops,therailroadsuburbwasatfirstkeptfromspreadingorexcessivelyincreasinginnumbers,foranaturalgreenbelt,oftenstillundercultivationaspark,gardens,remainedbetweenthesuburbsandincreasedtheavailablerecreationarea.Occasionally,inafewhappyareaslikeWestchester,between1915and1935aparkway,liketheBronxRiverparkway,accompaniedbycontinuousstripofparkforpedestrian(散步的人)use,notyetoverrunbyaconstantstreamofurbantraffic,addedtotheperfectionofthewholesuburbanpattern.Whateveronemightsayofthesocialdisadvantagesthiswasinmanywaysaperfectphysicalenvironment.Butitlastedlessthanageneration.Whatwasthespecialadvantageoftheoldtypeofsuburb?Itsnearnesstotherailroad.Thevastnessofitsopenspace.Itssmallsizeinareaandpopulation.Thehighsocialstatusofitsresidents.Thesizeoftheoldsuburbwaslimitedbecause.peoplewantedtoliveneararailroadstationitwasoriginallyplannedbyrailroadcompaniestherewasalawgoverningthesizeofthesuburblocalinhabitantsdidn'tliketooutinthecountry“Happyareas"(Para.3,Line3)wereareaswhere.lifewasenjoyedbyeveryonemoreroadswerebuilttobypasstheheavytrafficagreenbeltwasavailablesolelyforrecreationpeoplecouldhavelotsoffunItisevidentthatthewriter.findsurbanlifeuncomfortablepreferslifeinthecountrysidefeelsdisappointedinthechangesofsuburbsadvocatestheideaofreturningtonatureThetopicdiscussedinthepassageisthesizeandscaleofsuburbanneighborhoodunitstheadvantageofold-typesuburbsthelocationofrailroadstationstheconceptofthesuburbanpatternQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessor:oneisthetimeneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually"made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators"orsomethingelse.Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.TherelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimpliHed.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause.researchimprovesthequalityofteachingstudentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessorsitisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectivelyprofessorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtoughAccordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,doteachingfieldworkscientificresearchinvestigationThephrase"theproblem^^(Para.5,Line3)refersto.raisingthestatusofteachingthecombinationofteachingwithresearchtheseparationsofteachingfromresearchimprovingthestatusofresearchQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappenedtobethatputuponmemberofsociety-acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreI'mconvincedthatthingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeanewmotto（座右銘）fortheso-calledService'organization-StaffBeforeService.Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherearen'tenoughstaffondutyatalltheservicecounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletoincreasecounterstaff.Yetsupermarkets,hintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatbringingalltheircashregistersintooperationatanytimewouldincreaseexpenses.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicecounterstobeoccupied6attimeswhendemandislow'.It'sthesamewithhotels.BecausewaitersandkitchenstaffmustHnishwhenitsuitsthem,diningroomscloseearlierormenuchoiceisdiminished.Asforusguests(andhowthemeaningofthatwordhasbeencutawaylittlebylittle),wejusthavetoputupwithit.There'salsothenonsenseofsomanyfriendlyhotelnightportershavingbeengraduallywithdrawnfromserviceintheinterestsofEfficiency'(fits)andreplacedbycoin-eatingmachineswhichsupplyeverythingfrombeertomedicine,nottomentionthecreepingthreatofthetea-makingsetinyourroom:akettlewithteabags,milkbagssugar.Whowantstowakeuptoarawteabag?Idon't,especiallywhenIampayingforService'.Ouronlyhopeistohammerourirritationwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,restorethatother,oldersaying-TakeOurCustom(買賣)Elsewhere.Theauthorfeelsthatnowadayscustomersare.notworthyofspecialtreatmentnotprovidedwithproperserviceconsideredtobeinferiormembersofsocietyregardedasprivilegedIntheauthor'sopinion,thequalityofserviceischangingbecause.thestaffarelessconsideratethanemployerscustomersarebecomingmoredemandingcustomersunwillingtopayextramoneymoreconsiderationisgiventothestaffthancustomersAccordingtotheauthor,longqueuesatcountersarecausedby.thediminishingsupplyofgoodstafflackofcooperationamongstaffinefficientstaffdeliberateunderstaffingThedisappearanceofold-stylehotelporterscanbeattributedtothefactthatself-serviceprovidesacheaperalternativethepersonaltouchislessappreciatednowadaysmachinesaremorereliablethanhumanbeingsfewpeoplearewillingtodothistypeofworkTheauthor'sfinalsolutiontotheproblemdiscussedinthepassageis.toputupwithwhateverserviceisprovidedtomakestrongcomplaintswherevernecessarytofullyutilizeallkindsofcoin-eatingmachinestogowheregoodserviceisavailable21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.A28.C29.C30.B31.D32.C(33.B34.A35.C36.B37.D)38.D39.A40.D1993年6月大學英語六級閱讀理解真題及答案Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey're18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,"sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents,66Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,"declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesterUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeopleHndtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It'sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome."Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy（不受干擾的生活）.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes.wWhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,"sheexplains.MHeneverlikedanyoneIdated（約會）,soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends9house.99Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure."Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomeflnancialandpersonalfreedom,Hndthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S..foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependentlyformiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparentsformarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsenceforyoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparentsWhichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?YoungadultsHndhousingcoststoohigh.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylifemostparentsHnditdifficulttokeeptheyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparentspublicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparentsTheword“hassles"inthepassage(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans.agreementsworriesdisadvantagesquarrelsAccordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrown-up.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thewordconservationhasathrifty(節儉)meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“limitless”and^inexhaustible".Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termsclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conservation"hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone'sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertable（水位）inthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatersheds(上游源頭森林地帶集水區)needtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman'sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis.positiveneutralsuspiciouscriticalAccordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat?theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestrytheyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentalprotectiontheywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudytheyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterialsItcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatearliergenerationsdidn'trealizetheinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthingstheimportanceoftheproperuseoflandtheharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloodsthevalueofthebeautyofnatureToavoidcorrectingthemistakeofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat.weplantmoretreesnaturalsciencebetaughttoeverybodyenvironmentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryonewereturntonatureWhatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“livingspace...isfigured...alsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth"(Lines7-8,Para.3)?Ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmaller.Ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolume.Weneedtotakesomemeasuretoprotectspace.Wemustpreservegoodlivingconditionsforbothbirdsandanimals.Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemic(流行病)ofsleepinessinthenation.66Ican'tthinkofasinglestudythathasn'tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,"saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.wThebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark."Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5andeighthours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock."Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon'tevenrealizethey'redoingit,"saysDr.David."Theythinkthey'reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,eightorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous."Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssayisthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogramme.“Inoursociety,you'reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours'sleep.Ifyou'regottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition."Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier."We'vefoundthatifyou'reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,"saysDr.David.wShort-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate."Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad.nodriveandambitionnoelectriclightingthebestsleephabitsnothingtodointheeveningAccordingtoDr.David,Americansareideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflifeoftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficitdonotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperlycangetbyon6.5hoursofsleepManyAmericansbelievethat.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusytheyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylifetosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeofthedayenoughsleeppromotespeople'sdriveandambitionTheword“subjects”(Line1,Para.4)refersto.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficitspecialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudiedpeoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudiedthepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficitItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto.improveone'smemorydramaticallybeconsidereddynamicbyotherpeoplemaintainone'sdailyschedulefeelenergeticandperformadequatelyQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.TheconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecausepersonalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnessithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeitisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietywrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealthTo“liveacompletelysedentarylife-style^^(Line7,Para.1)inthepassagemeansto“liveaninactivelife”to“liveadecentlife"to“livealifewithcompletefreedom"to“livealifeofvice"Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause.currentme