thePresentPerfectPassiveVoice

Unit7GrammarThePresentPerfectTenseSentencestructure:主語+have/hasdone現在完成時表示動作發生在過去,并持續到現在或者是過去的動作對現在的影響.經常用于現在完成時的時間狀語:recently,uptonow,sincethen,sofar,already,just,yet等.ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceSentencestructure:subject+have/has+been+doneInwhatcasesdoweusethepassivevoice?1.不知道或沒有必要說明的動作的執行者是誰。2.強調動作的承受者，而不是發出者。[肯定式]have/has＋been＋done[否定式]have/has＋not＋been+done[疑問式]

Have/Has＋主語＋been+done?

現在完成時的被動語態中發生的動作是對現在造成的影響與結果，強調與現在情況有聯系。常與already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not...yet,just,since,for,now,today,thismonth,thisyear,thesefewdays

lately(近來,最近)recently(最近)sofar(迄今為止)uptonow(到目前為止)eversince(從那時到現在)等。readittogethertry注意:1.副詞的位置

often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。

2.并不是所有動詞都有被動語態

1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,takepartin,cost,last等不及物動詞或詞組無被動語態。如：

[誤]

GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不強調動作發出者時常用主動語態。如：

[誤]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.[正]Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短語動詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞或副詞。如：

TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊動詞,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等構成的現在完成時的被動語態不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應的意思，則需改換動詞或時態。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?HowmanyHarryPorter

bookshasJ.K.Rowlingwritten?ShehaswrittensevenHarryPorterbooks.SevenHarryPorterbookshavebeenwrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.Thehouseshavebeendestroyedbythestorm.電影《畫皮》是由陳嘉上最近導演的。PaintedSkinhasrecentlybeendirectedbyChenJiashang。1.JayChouhasputoutmanypopularsongs.ManysongshavebeenputoutbyJayChou.2.hisfans,Jay’snewsongs,by,accept,alreadyJay’snewsongshavealreadybeenacceptedbyhisfans.ShenzhouⅦ___________(sendup)on25,September.AndsixChineseastronauts_____________(send)intospacesofar.wassentuphavebeensentManyoldbuildings______________(pulldown)andnewfences____________(build)inShijiazhuang.havebeenpulleddownhavebeenbuiltFillintheblanksEmmons____tobethehappiestpersonalthoughhehasfailedmanytimes.consideredhasconsideredC.isconsideringD.hasbeenconsideredD1.WehavebeentaughtnevertoabandonorgiveupanythingbyXuSanduo.XuSanduohastaughtusnevertoabandonorgiveupanything.2.WangBaoqianghasbeenachievedagreatsuccess.(trueorfalse)Changethefollowingsentencesintoactiveorpassivevoice.1.LiuXianghaseverbrokentheworldrecord.TheworldrecordhaseverbeenbrokenbyLiuXiang.2.Thefloorhasbeencleanedbymymother.Mymotherhascleanedthefloor.3.YaoMinghasbeenpushedoverbyafatbasketballplayer.AfatbasketballplayerhaspushedYaoMingover.4.Ihaven’tcleanedtheroomforweeks.Theroomhasn’tbeencleanedbymeforweeks.5.Wehavebeeninvitedtotakepartinhiswedding.Hehasinvitedustotakepartinhiswedding.6.Myfatherhasgivenupsmokingsofar.Smokinghasbeengivenupsofar.7.Someonehasopenedmybag.Mybaghasbeenopenedbysomeone.8.Allthelettershavealreadybeensentbythepostmen.Thepostmenhavealreadysentalltheletters.Ⅰ改錯1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundinmynewcomputer.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundinmynewcomputer.3.Ourcomputerjusthas

beenjoinedtotheinternet.Ourcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheinternet.4.Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.

用被動語態改寫下列句子。Theyhavefinishedtheconstructionofthenewrailwaylinesbynow.2.Wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyear.Theconstructionofthenewrailwaylineshasbeenfinishedbythembynow.Anewlibraryandagymnasiumhavebeenbuiltinourschoolthisyearbyus.3.Thecarfactoryhasproducedagreatmanyfinecarssincethetechnologicalrevolution.Agreatmanyfinecarshavebeenproducedbythecarfactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.4.Theyhavemadeaplantohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.5.ThegovernmenthasspentalotofmoneyontheHopeProject.Aplanhasbeenmadebythemtohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.AlotofmoneyhasbeenspentontheHopeProjectbythegovernment.臟衣服都已經洗了。(wash)Thedirtyclothes______________________.2.這項計劃已經由專家研究過三次了。(study)____________________________bytheexpertsforthreetimes.3.這些年來,這個小孩一直由王奶奶照料。(take)______________________________byGrandmaWangalltheseyears.4.工作一完成我們就立即動身。(finish)We’llstartassoonasthework________________________.Ⅱ補充完整下列句子：havebeenwashed.TheplanhasbeenstudiedThechildhasbeentakencareofhasbeenfinished.

Ⅲ.單項填空1．Hissisterlefthomein1998，and_______since.A．hadnotbeenheardofB．hasnotbeenheardofC．hadnotheardof

D．hasnotheardof解析：句意為：他姐姐1998年離家出走，從此杳無音信。是對現在造成的結果，且根據句中since可知本題需用（），同時根據Hissister與hearof之間可知需用（）。現在完成時被動語態2．Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasdiscussed，yetwecanfeelthetopic________.A．hadchanged

B．willchangeC．waschanged

D．hasbeenchanged解析：句意為：雖然我們不知道討論的內容，但我們能感覺到討論的話題變了。Topic與change之間應用（），又根據時態要與don’tknow保持一致且有yet

應用（）被動語態現在完成時3．Everypossiblemeans________tosavethewoundedsoldieruptonow.A．wastried

B．weretriedC．havebeentried D．hasbeentried解析：由時間狀語uptonow可知應用（）。另外，主語means與try之間為（）關系。means為單復數同形的單詞，由其前的every可知此處作（）名詞。故選D項。現在完成時被動單數4．Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They________welland________already.A．sell；havebeensoldoutB．sold；hadsoldout

C．sell；selloutD．aresold；havebeensoldout解析：第一空sell說明主語的性質，為不及物動詞用法，應用（）語態；第二空根據副詞already可知“已賣完了”；且sellout(售完)與dictionaries間為（）關系，故選A項。主動被動5．Anewschoollibrary________here.Itissaidthattheyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A．willbebuilt B．isbuiltC．hasbeenbuilt D．isbeingbuilt解析：由后一句“據說他們希望下一個月完工”可知目前圖書館正在建設中，故用（）且library與build為（）關系。進行時態被動6．Whenyougetthepaperback，payspecialatteniontowhat________.A．havemarked B．havebeenmarkedC．hadmarked D．hadbeenmarked解析：選B。根據前面的時態，此處應該使用（）且句意為“特別注意被標注的地方”可知用（）語態。現在完成時被動7．Theboys________manytimesnottoswiminthatlake，butitdoesn’tmakeanydifference.A．havetold B．toldC．havebeentold D．werebeingtold解析：選C。根據句意可知，theboys和tell之間是（）關系，故用被動語態；又根據but后面的分句可知，應用（），故答案選C項。被動現在完成時8．—Canwesitatthetablenearthewindow?—I’msorry，butit________already.A．wastaken B．tookC．hastaken D．hasbeentaken解析：選D。it代指thetable，和take之間是（）關系；又根據already和句意可知用（），故答案選D項。被動現在完成時9．I’veheardthatatalkonAmericanhistory_____inthemeetingroomnextFriday.A．isgiven B．hasbeengivenC．willbegiven D．gives解析：選C。根據句意，報告是在下星期五要做，故用（）。一般將來時態的被動語態10.IwanttobuythiskindofclothbecauseI_______thecloth________well.A．havetold；washedB．havebeentold；washesC．havebeentold；washedD．wastold；washed解析：選B。根據句意“因為我被告知這種布很好洗”可知第一空用（）；第二空表示主語具有的屬性“布好洗”，用（）表被動，故用washes。完成時的被動語態主動11．ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture，butwhenandwhere________yet.A．hasn’tbeendecided B．haven’tdecidedC．isn’tbeingdecided D．aren’tdecided解析：選A。句意為：詹姆斯教授要給我們做一個關于西方文化的講座，但時間和地方還沒有決定。由yet可知，本句應用（），又因時間和地點是被決定的，故應用（）語態。因此，正確答案為A。完成時被動12.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey________beforeleavingtheirhometowns.A．promised B．werepromisedC．havepromised D．havebeenpromised解析：選D。句意為：每年大量農民工涌入深圳，去尋找他們離鄉前別人給他們許諾掙錢的工作。此處農民工是“被許諾工作”，需要（）語態，且是“已經被許諾”，故選D。被動13．Greatchanges________inourprovince.Manytallbuildings________.A．hadbeentakenplace；havebeensetupB．havetakenplace；havebeensetupC．havebeentakenplace；havebeensetupD．weretakenplace；weresetup解析：選B。takeplace是不及物動詞短語，（）語態；buildings與setup是（）關系，故用被動語態。沒有被動被動14．—IsthemeetingheldinRoom302or303?—Itshouldbe302.ButIhearthatit_____tomorrow.A．wasputoff B．willputoffC．hasbeenp