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英國文學史-名詞解釋英國文學史-名詞解釋英國文學史-名詞解釋xxx公司英國文學史-名詞解釋文件編號:文件日期:修訂次數:第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計,管理制度名詞解釋HeroicCouplet:acoupletconsistingoftworhymedlinesofiambicpentameter,andwritteninanelevatedstyle.Renaissance:arevivalorrebirthoftheartisticandscientificrevivalwhichoriginatedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Ithastwofeatures:athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureandkeeninterestinactivitiesofhumanity.Sonnet:14-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.Blankverse:poetrywritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.Neoclassicism:theEnlightenmentbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestinGreekandRomanworks.ThistendencyisknownasNeoclassicism.Sentimentalism:itwasoneoftheimportanttrendsinEnglishliteratureofthelaterdecadesofthe18thcentury.Itconcentratedonthefreeexpressionofthoughtsandemotions,andpresentedanewviewofhumannaturewhichprizedfeelingoverthinking,passionoverreason.Romanticism:imagination,emotionandfreedomarecertainlythefocalpointsofromanticism.Theparticularcharacteristicsoftheliteratureofromanticisminclude:subjectivityandanemphasisonindividualism;freedomfromrules;solitaryliferatherthenlifeinsociety;thebeliefsthatimaginationissuperiortoreason;andloveofandworshipofnature.LakePoets:theEnglishpoetswholivedinanddrewinspirationfromtheLakeDistrictatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.ByronicHeroes:avariantoftheRomanticheroesasatypeofcharacter(enthusiasm,persistence,pursuingfreedom),namedaftertheEnglishRomanticPoetGordonByron.Realism:seekstoportrayfamiliarcharacters,situations,andsettingsinarealisticmanner.Thisisdoneprimarilybyusinganobjectivenarrativepointofviewandthroughthebuildupofaccuratedetail.Aestheticism:anartmovementsupportingtheemphasisofaestheticvaluesmorethansocio-politicalthemesforliterature,fineart,musicandotherarts.Stream-of-Consciousness:itisaliterarytechniquethatpresentsthethoughtsandfeelingsofacharacterastheyoccurwithoutanyclarificationbytheauthor.Itisanarrativemode.DramaticMonologue:akindofnarrativepoeminwhichonecharacterspeakstooneormorelistenerswhoserepliesarenotgiveninthepoem.IambicPentameter:apoeticlineconsistingoffiveversefeet,witheachfootanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable,thatis,witheachfootaniamb.Epic:alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Elegy:apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual;mayalsobealamentoverthepassingoflifeandbeautyorameditationofthenatureofdeath;atypeoflyricpoem.Canto:asectionofalongpoem.ThecantoscanbeagreatpoemOde:acomplexandoftenlengthylyricpoem,writteninadignifiedformalstyleonsomeloftyorserioussubjects.Odesarewrittenforaspecialoccasion,tohonorapersonoraseasonortocommemorateanevent.SpenserianStanza:anine-linestanzamadeupof8linesofiambicpentameterendingwithanAlexandrine.Itsthymeschemeisababbcbcc.Thisstanzawascommontotravelliterature.MetricalPattern:alyricpoemoffive14-linedstanzascontainingfourtercetsandaclosingcouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcbcdcdedee.文學史中古時期Beowulf《貝奧武甫》:thenaturalepicoftheEnglishpeople;Denmarkstory,alliteration,metaphor,understatementsSirGawainandGreenKnight《高文爵士和綠衣騎士》GeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里喬叟):theFatherofEnglishPoetry;TheCanterburyTales《埃特伯雷故事集》(24stories)文藝復興時期ThomasMore:Utopia《烏托邦》-thecommunicationbetweenmoreandthetravelerwhichjustcamebackfromUtopia.FrancisBacon:thefirstEnglishEssayist;Essays《隨筆集》-OfStudies,OfTruth(philosophicalandliteraryworks)ThusWyatt:firsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.EdmundSpenser:Poet'spoet;TheFairyQueen《仙后》(toQueenElizabethI)WilliamShakespeare:Sonnet18(ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday)17世紀英國文學JohnDonne:theleadingpoetofMetaphysicalschoolofpoetry;AValediction:ForbiddingMourning《分離:莫憂傷》JohnMilton:ParadiseLost《失樂園》(arevoltagainstGod'sauthority),ParadiseRegained《復樂園》(howChristovercameSanta)——storiesweretakenfromBibleJohnBunyan:thesonofRenaissance;Pilgrim'sProgress《天路歷程》(imagination,shadowing,realisticreligiousallegory)18世紀英國文學Novel:theageofreason,classicism,sentimentalismandromanticism(novels,prose,dramas,poetry)DanielDefoe:representativeofEnglishrealisticnovel;RobinsonCrusoe《魯濱遜漂流記》(thedevelopmentofayoungmanfromanaiveandartlessyouthtoacleverandhardenedman)JonathanSwift:Gulliver'sTravels《格列佛游記》(fictional,satirical-humannature,theEuropeanGovernment,thedifferencesbetweenreligions,wholeEnglishstatesystem)HenryFielding:theFatherofEnglishnovel;TheHistoryofTomeJones,aFoundling《湯姆瓊斯》,satiricPoetry:ThomasGray:ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓園挽歌》AlexanderPope:perfectedinheroiccouplet;AnEssayonCriticism《論批評》WilliamBlake:pre-romantic;SongsofInnonce《天真之歌》,SongsofExperience《經驗之歌》-London,TheTigerRobertBurns:ARedRedRose《一朵紅紅的玫瑰》Drama:RichardBrinsleySheridan:MasterofComedyofmanners;TheSchoolforScandal《造謠學校》浪漫主義時期1798-1832WilliamWordsworth:theLakePoets;ThePrelude《序曲》;IWonderedLonelyasaCloud《我似流云天自游》;TheSolitaryReaper《孤寂的割麥女》;features:poetofnatureandhumanheartSamuelTaylorColeridge:thefirstcriticoftheRomanticschool;TheRimeoftheAncientMariner《古舟子詠》GeorgeGordonByron:vigorous,strongandbeautiful;ChildeHarold'sPilgrimage《恰爾德哈羅爾德游記》(spenserianstanza,fightsforliberty);DonJuan《唐璜》(abroadcriticalpictureofEuropeanlife);WhenWeTwoParted《昔日依依別》;SheWalksinBeauty《她走在美的光影中》;TheIslesofGreece《哀希臘》PercyByssheShelley:OdetotheWestWind《西風頌》-贊頌西風,希望與其緊密相連;PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普羅米修斯》(thevictoryforman'sstruggleagainsttyrannyandoppression)JohnKeats:sensuous,colorfulandrichinimagery;OdetoaNightingale《夜鶯頌》;OdeonaGrecianUrn《希臘古甕頌》WalterScott:FatherofHistoricalNovel;combinehistoricalfactandromanticimaginationJaneAusten:wit,dryhumour,subtleirony,realistic;PrideandPrejudice《傲慢與偏見》(ElizabethandDarcy);SenseandSensibility《理智與情感》;Emma《愛瑪》CharlesLamb:PoorRelations《窮親戚》;Dream-children《童年夢幻》;AReverie《幻想曲》維多利亞時期summit:realisticnovelCharlesDickens:criticalrealistwriter;humour,wit,happyendings;ATaleofTwoCities《雙城記》(London&Paris,wherethereisoppression,thereisrevolution);DavidCopperfield《大衛科波菲爾》;OliverTwist《霧都孤兒》;HardTime《艱難時世》;GreatExpectations《遠大前程》;DombeyandSon《董貝父子》;PickwickPapers《匹克威克外傳》WilliamMakepeaceThackeray:VanityFair《名利場》(tosatirizethesocialmore,decadenceandcorruptionofhistime;tocriticizethevaluesmeasuredbywealth)GeorgeEliot:novelist,hernovelsarecelebratedfortheirrealismandpsychologicalinsights;AdamBede《亞當比德》(socialinequality);TheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》;SilasMarner《織工馬南》AlfredTennyson:succeededWordsworthasPoetLaureatein1850;Break,Break,Break《拍吧,拍吧,拍吧》;CrossingtheBar《過沙洲》RobertBrowning:dramaticmonologues;MyLastDuchess《我已故的公爵夫人》TheBronteSisters:Charlotte:JaneEyre《簡愛》:簡·愛是一個心地純潔、善于思考的女性,她生活在社會底層,受盡磨難。但她有倔強的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。小說以濃郁抒情的筆法和深刻細膩的心理描寫,引人入勝地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的愛情經歷,歌頌了擺脫一切舊習俗和偏見。扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基礎之上的深摯愛情,具有強烈的震撼心靈的藝術力量。其最為成功之處在于塑造了一個敢于反抗,敢于爭取自由和平等地位的婦女形象。Emily:WutheringHeights《呼嘯山莊》:描寫吉卜賽棄兒希斯克利夫被山莊老主人收養后,因受辱和戀愛不遂,外出致富,回來后對與其女友凱瑟琳結婚的地主林頓及其子女進行報復的故事。Anne:AgnesGray《安格尼斯
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