Lesson13InMyD外a國語學院基礎英語教研室yI．Warm-upquestions:1.questions:(1)Whendopeopleattainoldage?(2)Whatchangeswouldoccurtotheelderly?(3)Whydotheagedliketotalkabouttheirpastlives?(4)Whatareyourthoughtsonageandaging?Typically,thebeginningsofchangeinthefivesensesareasfollows:Hearing—themid40’s—themid50’s—themid50’s—thelate50’sSmell—themid70’s2.Generationgapreferstothedifferenceinideas,feelingsandinterestsbetweenolderandyoungerpeople,whichoftencausesmisunderstanding.IntheU.S.A,"Nevertrustanyoneoverthirty"hadevenbeenaverycommonbeliefamongyoungpeople.Howtobridgeit?mutualunderstandingandlove….3.TheImageoftheMother4ofAge—MyMommycandoanything!8ofAge—MyMomknowsalot!Awholelot12ofAge—MyMotherdoesn’treallyknowquiteeverything.14ofAge—Naturally,Motherdoesn’tknowthat,either.16ofAge—Mother?She’shopelesslyold-fashioned.18ofAge—Thatoldwoman?She’swayoutofdate!25ofAge—Well,shemightknowalittlebitaboutit.35ofAge—Beforewedecide,let’sgetMom’sopinion.45ofAge—WonderwhatMomwouldhavethoughtaboutit?65ofAge—WishIcouldtalkitoverwithMom!4.usastoryaboutyourparentsthattouchesyourheartandisrooteddeeplyinyourmemory.1外國語學院基礎英語教研室II.Background1.Author:RussellBaker.Borninin1925.Inchargeof"TheObserver"columnfortheNewYorkTimesfrom1962to1998..WonhisfirstPulitzerPrizein1979fordistinguishedcommentaryasacolumnist.ReceivedhissecondPulitzerPrizein1983forhisautobiographyGrowingup.RegardedasoneofAmerica'sleadingwordsmithsandhumorists2.RussellBaker’smainworks.Growingup.RussellBaker’sbookofAmericanHumor.FearandLoathinginGeorgeW.Bush’s.PoorRussellAlmanac(ThetextisextractedfromthefirstchapterofGrowingUp.)3.RussellBaker’smemoirGrowingupThisbooktraceshisyouthinthemountainsofruralVirginia.WhenBakerwasonlyfive,hisfatherdied.Hismother,strong-willedandmatriarchal,neverlookedback.Theseweredepressionyears,andMrs.BakermovedherfamilytoBaltimore.Baker'smotherwasdeterminedherchildrenwouldsucceed,andherunfailingfaithinthetalentsofheryoungsonwasnotmisplaced.HedideverythingfromdeliveringpaperstohustlingsubscriptionsfortheSaturdayEveningPost.Asisoftenthecase,earlyhardshipsmaketheman.4.Popularityofthebook—reviewsfromthebookreviewersandreaders.Thisisawondrousbook,funny,sad,andstrong…asfunnyandtouchingasMarkTwain's.----MaryLeeSettleoftheLosAngelesTimesBookReview.Thisisaniconicandmagicalpieceofliterature,astoryofcourageandlove,ofthebondsoffamilyinspiteoftensionanddisagreement.-----Onereader.GrowingUpiscarefullycraftedbythisexperiencedwriter.Themanycharacterscometovividlifewithalltheirvirtuesandfoibles,andBaker'snarrativeflowssmoothlyfrombeginningtoend.-----Onereader5.Quotationsoftheauthor.Theworstthingaboutbeingatouristishavingothertouristsrecognizeyouasatourist..Inanagewhenthefashionistobeinlovewithyourself,confessingtobeinlovewithsomebodyelseisanadmissionofunfaithfulnesstoone'sbeloved..Aneducatedpersonisonewhohaslearnedthatinformationalmostalwaysturnsouttobeatbestincompleteandveryoftenfalse,misleading,fictitious,mendacious—justdeadwrong.2外國語學院基礎英語教研室6.TheGreatDepression（TheGreatDepressioniswhatwerefertotheglobaleconomicrecessionbetween1929to1933,which,especiallyintheUS,isusuallyidentifiedwiththestockmarketcrashof1929.duringthattime,sometownsintheU.S.,CanadaandGermanyevenintroducedtheirownscripduringtheGreatDepression.andthesocietiesarefullof）OneofthemostcriticaleconomicperiodsintheUnitedStateshistorywastheGreatDepression.AmajorityoftheU.S.citizensdidnotknowmuchabouttheDepression.Theonlyinformationthattheyknewwaswhattheyreadfromtextbooks.Manycitizensneverreallyhadtofacethehardshiplikeotherswereforcedtoface.GrowingUpbyRussellBakerisanautobiographyontheproblemsheandhisfamilyenduredduringthisera.CausesoftheGreatDepression:.Speculationinthe1920scausedmanypeopletobuystockswithloanedmoney.Thestockmarketboomwasveryunsteady,becauseitwasbasedonborrowedmoneyandfalseoptimism..PoliticiansbelievedthatbusinesswasthekeybusinessofAmerica.Thus,thegovernmenttooknoactionagainstunwiseinvesting..StockMarketcrashonOctober24,1929(blackThursday)Miseryandpersonalsufferingswerewidespread..Livingconditionschangedwhenmultiplefamiliescrowdedintosmallhousesorapartments..Unemploymentratewasveryhigh..Thousandswenthungry..Childrensufferedlongtermeffectsfromapoordietandinadequatemedicalcare..Womencontinuedtodoingwomen’sworksuchasnursing,andeveniftheywereabletogetanindustryjobwhichseldomhiredwomen,theyusuallywerepaidlessthanmen.．WordStudy1.bendv.a.toleanforwardsanddownwardsb.tobecomecurvedc.toapplythemindcloselyExamples:Shebentforwardsandwhisperedinmyear.Thestreambendstothewest.Hewasbentonmakingthemhappy.Expressions:bendsb.’sear3外國語學院基礎英語教研室bendyourmind/thoughtstosth.bendbeforebebenton2.boren.a.sb.whotalkstoomuchaboutthingsthatarenotveryinterestingb.aboringorannoyingactivityorsituationv.a.tomakesb.feelimpatientb.tomakeadeepholeinsth.hardExamples:Iwasangrywithhimforthat,…forhavingbecomeoneofthoseancientbores…(53)Ifindcleaningarealbore.Iwon’tboreyouwithallthedetails.Theinsectsborethroughthefurniture.3.burdenv.tocreateaproblemorseriousresponsibilityforsb.Examples:Idon’twanttoburdenyouwithmytroubles.Hewasincreasinglyburdenedbyillhealth.4.dismissv.a.toforcesb.toleavetheirjobtorefusetoacceptthatsth.mightbetrueorimportantc.toofficiallytellpeopletheycanleaveaplaced.toputoutofcourtwithoutfurtherhearing5.fiercea.a.involvingverystrongfeelingssuchasdetermination,angerorhateb.(ofweather)strongandseverec.verydifficultorunpleasantExamples:Ithoughtofadollwithhuge,fierceeyes.(10)Thefiercethundersroarmetheirmusic.Itisafierceexaminationprocess.6.flagv.a.tobecometiredorweak,orbegintolackenthusiasmb.tomarksth.sothatyouwillbeabletofinditagainflagging:a.becomingweaker,moretired,orlessenthusiasticExamples:Afteralongday,hisenergyflagged.IflaggedanywordsIdidn'tknow.…allsheneededwasagoodpeptalktorechargeaflaggingspirit.(39)4外國語學院基礎英語教研室7.formidablea.veryimpressiveinsize,power,orskillandthereforedeservingrespectandoftendifficulttodealwithExamples:Meetingtheenergydemandsofabigcityisaformidabletask.Thecompanyhasbuiltupaformidablereputationforquality.Heisaformidableopponent.8.hoverv.a.toremainfloating,suspended,orflutteringintheairb.toremainorlingerinornearaplacec.tobeinastatethatmaychangeatanytimeExamples:Gullsarehoveringoverthewaves.Thewaiterwashoveringbytheirtable.Hisgirlfriendishoveringbetweenlifeanddeath.9.presidev.tobeinchargeofanofficialmeetingorothereventExamples:Thesecommitteesareusuallypresidedoverbyaseniorjudge.Thepriestisofteninvitedtopresideatthereception.10.radianta.a.sb.whoisradiantlooksextremelyhappyb.verybrightExamples:OnedaywhenIarrivedatherbedsideshewasradiant.(41)Theseawasaradiantblue.11.stirv.a.tomovefoodaroundinadishusingaspoonorotherobjectsb.tomakesb.feelupset,orenthusiasticc.tomoveorbemovedslightlybywindExamples:Pleasestirthesoupbeforetastingit.Themurderhasstirred(up)alotofillfeelinginthecommunity.…whenagefinallystirstheircuriosity…(46)Thewhitecurtainstirredgentlyinthesummerbreeze.5外國語學院基礎英語教研室12.transparenta.a.clearorthinenoughforyoutoseethingsthroughb.easilyseenthroughordetected;obviousc.nottryingtokeepanythingsecretExamples:Glassisatransparentmaterial.Itisatransparentlie.Citizensareaskingforamoretransparentdemocraticgovernment.13.veinn.a.oneofthetubesinyourbodythatcarrybloodtoyourheartb.alayerofametalorothersubstanceinsidetheearthc.aparticularmood,styleorsubstanced.asupplyoramountofaparticularthing14.wearn.a.damageorchangesthataffectsth.whenithasbeenusedalotb.fatigue,exhaustionc.clothesthataresuitableforaparticularactivityorgroupofpeopleExamples:Therewasheavywearonallfourwheels.…thatageandwearcouldbeovercomebyaneffortofwill,…(39)Ididn'tbringanyeveningwear.15.1.bloodandboneyourownfleshandbloodExamples:Icouldn'tseemybloodandbone(fleshandblood)insultedinthisway.badblood怨恨beaftersb.’sblood恨透了某人Bloodisthickerthanwater.血濃于水havesb’sbloodonyourhands導致某人死亡makeyourbloodboil怒火中燒makeyourbloodruncold令人毛骨悚然new/freshblood新增成員6外國語學院基礎英語教研室boneabagofbones骨瘦如柴的人chilled/frozentothebone寒冷刺骨closetothebone露骨的feel/knowsth.inyourbones極為確信某事haveabonetopickwithsb.對某人生氣，抱怨16.mendone’swaystoimproveone’sbehaviorafteryouhavebeenbehavingbadlylongtimeforaExamples:…Isuppose,thatshewasmendingherways.(40)mendfences:totrytobecomefriendsagainwithsb.youhavearguedwithTheobjectofthemeetingwasprimarilytomendfences.17.onone’smindtokeepthinkingaboutandworryingaboutsth.Examples:useemquiettoday.Doyouhaveanythingonyourmind?Workisverymuchonhermindatthemoment.18.ontheruna.whileyouarebusyorhurryingb.tryingtohideorescapefromsb.,especiallythepolicec.inaweakpositioninanargumentorcompetitionExamples:Ihadtoeatlunchontheruntoday.Adangerouscriminalisontheruninthebayareaofthecity.LaborhastheConservativesontherun.19.peptalkatalkduringwhichsb.encouragesyoutodosth.betterortoworkharderExamples:Wegotapeptalkfromourcoach.pepup:tomakesb.orsth.moreactiveandlively7外國語學院基礎英語教研室Ashortbreakwouldpepyouup.Weneedtolookatwaysofpeppinguptheeconomy.20.silverliningahopefulorcomfortingprospectinthemidstofdifficultyExamples:Everycloudhasasilverlining.ThreeyearsearlierIhad…and…hadwrittenherwithsomebanaladvicetolookforthesilverlining…(39)21.wayouta.farfromotherplacesorbuilding.awayofdealingwithaproblemExamples:Ourfarmiswayoutbeyondthetown.Theremustbeawayoutofthismess.WordBuilding1.overgrown(4)Prefix—overa.toomuch:usedwithverbs,nounsoradjectivesb.morethan:usedwithsomenounsc.onorabove:usedwithsomenounsd.ontopof:usedwithsomenounsExamples:tooverheat,anoverreaction,overconfidenceover-sixtiesoverland,overhead2.unutterable(52)prefix—unmoreexamples:Unspeakablesuffix—ableunthinkableunreadableunavoidable3.inconceivable(4)prefix—inSuffix—ablemoreexamples:InvisibleinadvisableincredibleincurableITextappreciation：8外國語學院基礎英語教研室1.ThemeofthestoryItistheresponsibilityofbothparentsandchildrentobridgethegenerationgap.Ontheonehand,youngpeopleshouldhavemoreinterestandrespectofwhattheirparentsstandfor.Ontheotherhand,oldpeopleshouldshowunderstandingtoyoungpeople’sgreatinterestinthefuture.2.StructureofthetextPart1(1-45)about:Understandingofamotherfromason’spointofviewPart2(.46-53)about:Understandingofchildrenfromafather’spointofviewPart3(54--55)about:Meetingofthetwoviews3.Analysis（）Whatwasthecharacterofthemotherwhenshewasyoung?（Scanthetextandlistouttherelatedinformation.）straight-forwardstrong-willedenergeticItellpeopleexactlywhat’sonmymind,…Shewasaformidablewoman,determinedtospeakhermind,determinedtohaveherway,…Shehadhurledherselfatlifewithanenergythatmadeherseemalwaysontherun.neverdefeatedbylifelifewascombat,andvictorywasnottothelazy,thetimed,thedrugstorecowboy,…（2Question:Whatvaluesdoyouthinkwerereflectedinthemother’swayoflifewhenshewasyoung?Themotherwasalwaysontherunandworkinghardbecauseshebelievedthathardworkingisthenecessarypartofone’slife.Lifewasastruggle,afight,abattleforsurvival,forsalvation,andforthegloryofGod.Onlybyhardworkingcanonebesuccessfulintheend.Thosewhowerelazy,timid,loiteringandafraidtotellothersthetruefeelingswerelosersofthelife.（Howdidtheauthorreacttohismother’ssenilityfromason’spointofview?Icouldnotaccepttheinevitable.Myimpulsewastoargueherbacktoreality.IsoonstoppedtryingtoargueherbacktowhatIconsideredtherealworld.(I)triedtotravelalongwithheronthosefantasticjourneysintothepast.（4Question:Whatmadetheauthorchangehisreactiontohismother’ssenility?9外國語學院基礎英語教研室Atthebeginning,hetriedtoarguehismotherbacktorealityfromhispointofviewbecausehebelievedthathismotherbeinganormalpersonwouldbebetterforherandherfamily.Butlaterwhenhebegantolookatitfromhismother’spointofview,heunderstoodhismotherwasmuchhappierwhenshecouldtravelbacktoherchildhoodwhenshewaslovedandneeded.Sohewouldliketotravelalongwithherintoherpastandunderstoodhismothermore.（）Howdidtheauthorunderstandtherelationshipwithhischildrenfromafather’spointofview?Ihaddevelopedthehabitoflecturingthemoninthepastnowtheharshnessoflifeinmyday.Itriedtobreakthehabit,butmusthavefailed.Betweenustherewasadisputeabouttime.(6)Question:Whatdoestheauthormeanby“adisputeabouttime”?(53)Itisoneofthereasonswhythereisgenerationgapbetweenparentsandchildren.Theparentsalwaysliketotalkabouttheirpasttothechildrenbecausethatwasoncetheir“future”theydreamedofandstruggledfor.Butforthechildren,theyareindifferenttotheparents’“future”becauseitispastforthem.Theyarenowdreamingfortheirfuture.Thisisthedisputeoftime.FurtherquestionsonappreciationWhathappenedtotheauthor’smotherattheageof80?Whatbecameofherafterher“last”fall?Whatexactlyistheproblemwithhismother?Whatkindofawomanwastheauthor’smotherwhenshewasyoung?Wasshehappywhenshewasyoung?Isshehappynow?Whatarehermaincomplaints?Doestheauthorfeelthathehasbeenagoodson?Whatdoyouthinkheistryingtosaywhenhehopesthathecanstepintohismother’stimemachine?Howdoestheauthorunderstandthegenerationgap?What’shisadvicetotheyoungergeneration?WritingDevices1.ParallelismandRepetitionSheranafterchickens,…Sheranwhenshemadethebeds,ranwhenshesetthetable.…sheran.(15)Repetition:ran…ran…ran…ran10外國語學院基礎英語教研室Parallelism:Sheranwhenshe…ranwhenshe…Repetitionisamajorrhetoricalstrategyforproducingemphasis,clarity,amplification,oremotionaleffect.Parallelism:moreexamples1.Wordsandphrases?NotParallel:Theteachersaidthathewasapoorstudentbecausehewaiteduntilthelastminutetostudyfortheexam,completedhislabproblemsinacarelessmanner,andhismotivationwaslow.?Parallel:Theteachersaidthathewasapoorstudentbecausehewaiteduntilthelastminutetostudyfortheexam,completedhislabproblemsinacarelessmanner,andlackedmotivation.2.clauses?NotParallel:Thesalesmanexpectedthathewouldpresenthisproductatthemeeting,thattherewouldbetimeforhimtoshowhisslidepresentation,andthatquestionswouldbeaskedbyprospectivebuyers(passive).?Parallel:Thesalesmanexpectedthathewouldpresenthisproductatthemeeting,thattherewouldbetimeforhimtoshowhisslidepresentation,andthatprospectivebuyerswouldaskhimquestions.3.Listsafteracolon?NotParallel:Thedictionarycanbeusedforthesepurposes:tofindwordmeanings,pronunciations,correctspellings,andlookingupirregularverbs.?Parallel:Thedictionarycanbeusedforthesepurposes:tofindwordmeanings,pronunciations,correctspellings,andirregularverbs.Repetition:moreexamples?Wouldyoupleasepleasepleasepleasepleasepleasepleasestoptalking.(ErnestHemingway,HillsLikeWhitesElephants)?It’slikeawindfall,likeagodsend,likeanunexpectedpieceofluck.(JosephConrad,Youth)TherearewordslikeFreedomSweetandwonderfultosay.OnmyheartstringsfreedomsingsAlldayeveryday.11外國語學院基礎英語教研室TherearewordslikelibertyThatalmostmakemecry.IfyouhadknownwhatIknowuwouldknowwhy.JamesLangstonHughes,WordsLikeFreedomGrammar1.preposition+which/whomThetypeofrelativeclauseinwhichtherelativepronoun“which”and“whom”isprecededbyaprepositionischieflyusedinformal,especiallytechnicalorlegalwriting.Ininformal,especiallyspokenEnglish,thisstructureshouldbeavoided,andtherelativepronounisoftenomitted.Examples:Itwasanawkwardquestionwithwhichtobeawakened.(formal)There’ssomelimitnobodyshouldgobeyond.(informal)2.preposition+wh-wordNounclausesintroducedbywh-wordsareoftenusedafterprepositions.SuchclausesarecommoninbothinformalandformalEnglish.Examples:Itwastimetocometogripswiththemagnitudeofwhathehadcreated.Allstudentsshouldbeawareofhowtheyreacttonewknowledgeandnewwaysoflearning,…Wehavenodefiniteinformationyetastowhichroutehewilltake.VI.Paraphrases1.12外國語學院基礎英語教研室2.3.13外國語學院基礎英語教研室.14外國語學院基礎英語教研室9101115外國語學院基礎英語教研室12131416外國語學院基礎英語教研室15.VII.DiscussionIsthegenerationgapinevitable?Isthegenerationgapaseriousproblemtoday?Haveyoueverexperiencedgenerationgapbetweenyourparentsandyourself?Doesgenerationgaponlyexistbetweenparentsandchildren?Whatshouldwedoaboutthegenerationgap?VIII.Chineseversion1.我的母親在她80歲時,世紀前某一天舉行的婚禮和葬禮。另外的時間，她在為而今已經步入中年的子女們操持星期日家宴。經歷了這些后，她睡在床上，以一種超脫生理科學成果（當今的醫學所不能解決）的速度和舒適，穿越時空，漫游于過去的數十年中。2.一天，我到這家私人療養所去看她時，她問：“是拉塞爾嗎？”“我是拉塞爾，”我回答說。3.孩子），并迅速轉移了視線。4.“拉塞爾只有這點大”，她說，伸出手，手掌向下離樓板兩英尺高。那個時候，維爾吉麗（Virginia）山脈后面是蘋果園，附近區域有藍色薄霧。她是此地一位年輕的鄉下夫人，與她的父親比起來，我是一個十足的外鄉人。5.一天大早，她向紐約給我打電話。“今天，你來參加我的葬禮嗎？”她問。6.這是一個誰也會被難倒的問題。“看在上帝的份上，你說什么呢？”。這是我所能作的最好回答。7.“今天我正在被埋葬”，她快活地宣稱道，好象通知的是一件重要的社會事件。8.“我會給你回電話”，我厭煩地說。但是當我給她回過去時，她一切正常。當然，盡管我們都知道她有病。9.她是一位形體優美、嬌弱矮小的婦女。但是現在蓋著醫院的白色床單，她正在變得細小。我想到了一個有著大而兇惡眼睛的玩具。10.她始終表現出一個惡人。這種情形表現在她闡述一個觀點時，伸出下巴，憤怒的爭論，或者表達觀點時的為我獨尊。11.“我要向人們確切地告訴我頭腦里的東西”。她一直喜歡自吹自擂，不管別人是否喜歡。12.“真的，你跟別人講話總是不夠禮貌”，我經常警告她。13.“如果他們不喜歡我所講的東西，那就太糟糕了”，這是她的一貫回答。“因為我就是這個樣子”。17外國語學院基礎英語教研室14.她就是這樣一個決心降服異己，傳播一己思想，主張自我方式的可怕婦女。她在生活中被一種能量猛推著，使她好象總是在跑步。15.她手里拿著一把斧頭，追著一群雞，打算宰殺一只放進正餐湯鍋里。她跑著整理床，跑著搬桌子。在一個感恩節（Thanksgiving），她拿著過節用的火雞從地下室向上跑時，絆倒在樓梯上。熱乎乎的肉汁、雞雜內臟、調料涂抹的火雞灑落一地。她就跌落在這些食物上。于是生病發燒。生活就是戰斗，勝利不屬于懶漢、懦夫、吹牛家、不能準確表達自己思想的“結巴”人（文盲）。—小說精華：美國人民的個性與精神源泉！）她在奔跑。16.變為正常人。在我第一次去巴德摩爾（美國馬里蘭洲一海口）市醫院看望她時，她問我是誰。17.“拉塞爾”，我說。19.“不，我該在這里”。23.“不，你已經在這所醫院住院三天了”，我糾正道。24.直到一位醫生對她進行了一次面試，我們的對話才算結束。這種面視（口頭測試）是醫務人員判斷病人是否患有精神病的手段。她全完了。答案不是錯誤，就是根本不回答。然后就是一陣驚愕。25.“你何時出生？”醫生問。28.“因為我出生在‘蓋伊佛克斯’日”。（說明：英國每年的11月5日，為紀念“火藥的陰謀”歷史事件節。當年一小撮天主教叛亂分子密謀炸毀國會大廈，以消滅開會的國王，推翻皇朝。方法是在地下室堆藏‘火藥桶’。密謀泄露后，人員以叛國罪處以絞刑！此句揭露政治在人生中的地位——精神病人也清醒！）31.“請記住11月5日，33.我不知道其叛國原因，34.應該永遠記住”。（說明：進一步表明政治，統治階級意志不可動搖。子女被教育得聽煩了，病人沒忘記——融于血液中，資產階級的殘酷統治暴露無一！這是對今天西方所謂的民主、人權的否定）35.1605年，蓋伊佛克斯企圖以火藥桶炸掉兼威斯國王御座的計劃失敗事件，使她受到了傷害（說明：如對政治、統治階級的底線退避三舍——上句有“永遠不要忘記”表述。）她因此對醫生怒目而視。36.“你或許對醫術在行，但你明顯對歷史無知”。她對醫生講。她在確