1、 Unit 1 subjunctive moodGrammar Study Aims:1. 了解英語中的三種語氣。并正確理解虛擬語氣的含義2. 理解并掌握虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應用。語氣 英語語氣分為三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式來表示。祈使語氣用來表示請求,命令,警告或勸告等。Let me do it.Please keep quiet in the reading room.虛擬語氣用來表示說話人所說不是一個事實,而是一種假設,或表示說話人的愿望(不可能實現)、要求、命令、建議等 If 引導的條件句a. if真實條件句 表示條件是真的或有可能實

2、現的, 采用陳述語氣。b. if虛擬條件句 表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無法實現的, 采用虛擬語氣。Q:Whats the difference between the two sentences?If I am free, I will visit you.If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. (虛擬條件句）(真實條件句）If I have another chance, I will visit China again.if真實條件句用于陳述語氣,假設的情況很有可能發生,其中if是“如果”的意思if條件從句一般現在時 主句will shall+動

3、詞原形情態動詞 + 動詞原形 if 引導的虛擬條件句與現在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (別墅) for my parents.與現在事實相反If I had a lot of money, I would buy an expensive car. If I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.?If I were the schoolmaster of our school, I would let the

4、students get up a little later to get a better sleep.與現在事實相反If they _ (be) here, they_(take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be

5、) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould askIf he had got up earlier , he could have caught the train. 與過去事實相反If he had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.與過去事實相反a.If Tom _ (be) more careful i

6、n the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b.If you _ (get) up earlier, you_ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.had metwould have goneIf I met Obama some day, I would shake

7、hands with him. 與將來事實相反1、一般條件句中的虛擬語氣 a.What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?would happenshould get up/got up/were to get upPRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksb. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, there _ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould bec.If he_(see)me,he_(know)me.saw/shoul

8、d see/were to seewould know虛擬語氣辨析：1.I should do it if I was you.2.If my father were here now,he will tell me what to do.werewould3.If I knew her telephone number,I would have called her .4.If it hadnt rainedyesterday,he might come here.5.I dont think I shall fail,but if I fail,I would try it again.h

9、ad knownmight have comefailed1.If you_(invite)him to come here tomorrow，I would also come.2.If he_(drive) more carefully，he would not have had the car accident yesterday.3.If there_(be)no air，people _(die).invited/should invite/were to invitehad drivenwerewould die1、一般條件句中的虛擬語氣 Guide 2: 閱讀虛擬語氣在條件狀語從

10、句的運用,并回答下列問題：1)什么是錯綜時間虛擬條件句?2)什么是含蓄虛擬條件句？3)省略 if 的條件從句又是指什么? 主句與從句的動作發生的時間不一致,這叫做錯綜虛擬條件句.這時主從句動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同, 。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If the staff had been more careful, the supermarket would not be on fire now.If I were you,I would have taken his advice. If

11、 it had rained last night (過去), it would be very cold today (現在).含蓄虛擬條件句 有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通過介詞短語來表示， 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否則), 等 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. But for my brothers help, I would not have finished it on time.Butforairandwater

12、,nothingcould live. I had to go shopping,otherwise, I might have helped you at that time. 省略 if 的條件從句 當從句中有 were, had 或should 時,可省略if ,而把它們放在句首.若有not,not保留在原處.If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet himtomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would

13、 try again. Should he fail in the experiment,he If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.Had you come a few.1 .The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B.rains C. rained D.is rainedB當堂訓練2. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt get

14、B. had drivenwouldnt have gotC. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get B 3. If you _him yesterday, you _what to do now. Asked;would know had asked;would have knownC. asked him;know D. had asked;would knowDIf he_in a day or two， I would wait for him.A.returns B.should have returnedC.were to retu

15、rn D.had returnedWithout your help，we _ this task.A.dont finishB.will not finishC.didnt finishD.would not have finishedHad you listened to thedoctor,you _all right now.A.areB.wereC.would beD.would have beenI wish I were as tall asYaoMingI wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish I

16、 had a lot of money.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow.I wish I could go to the moon in the future.1.在動詞wish后的賓語從句中, 表示與現在或過去的事實相反, 或對將來的主觀愿望, 從句通常省略連詞that。wish did/werehad done would / might/could/should

17、 do1.wish后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣Practice in class:I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there was B.were C.had been D.went I wish I _ you yesterday A.see B.did see C.had seen D.were to see.Have you visited the Science Museum?”“ No, but I really wish I _.” had B. did C. have D. willThe picture exhibition b

18、ored me to death. I wish I_to it. hadnt gone B.havent goneC.didnt go D.could not have goneHow I wish I _that! everybody present was angry with me.didnt go B.hadnt done C.wouldnt do D.wasnt doing-He is a brave man.-Yes, I wish I _hiscourage.A.have B.will have C.had D.would haveTom can take his car ap

19、art and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how. A.teaches B.will teach C.has taught D.would teach I wish this bus _ to the university.A.go B. wentC.has gone D. had goneHow I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden! (09上海)A.has B.hadC.will have D.had had2.表示命令、要求、建議的

20、虛擬語氣。1)賓語從句。常見動詞：一個堅持：insist兩個命令：order, command 三個建議：advise, suggest, propose四個要求：demand , require, request, desire 從句中的動詞 使用should + 動詞原形,或者將should省略。1.我們建議Tom去休息一下。2.他堅決要求我到場。3.國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。4.他們要求我們派他們去那兒工作。1We suggested that Tom_2.He insisted that I present.4.They requested that we3.The king ord

21、ered that the prisoners should have a rest.(should) beshould be killedthe next day.should send themto work there.2)以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句,表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣.從句中的動詞也是should+vt.Its suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the a

22、dvice that the chemical factory should be closed down.She made a suggestion that the plan _carefully.A.be considered B.was consideredC.should consider D.would be considered Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.soldC.shall sell D.would sellShe insisted that she_ill of him behind him，but he did

23、nt believe it.A.hadnt spoken B.shouldnt speakC.wouldnt speak D.not speakHis silence at the meeting suggested that he_to your plan.A.didnt agreeB.hadnt agreedC.wouldnt agree D.not agreeThe father insisted his daughter _a rich man.A.would be engaged to B.be engaged toC.should engaged to D.must be enga

24、ged to3.would rather did(現在和將來) had done(過去)I would rather you came tomorrow. -Do you mind if I leave the window open?-Well, Id rather you _. A.dont B.didnt C.wont D.mustntId rather you _ know the secret.A.didntB.hadntC.notD.not to4. as if /though+ 現在：過去：將來：did/werehad donewould/could/might do sthSh

25、e loves the boy as if he were her own son.It seems as if it were winter.He treats me as if I were astranger.She talks about Rome as though she had beenthere herself.They talked as if they had been friends for years.He opened his mouth as if he would say sth.注意: 如果表示的事情可能會發生, 那么從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。Look at

26、 the clouds,it looks as if it is going to rain.Simon looks as though he never _ a squaremeal(吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well.get B.getting C.got D.should getHe is talking so much about America as if he_ there.had been B.were C.was D.beenWhen a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it loo

27、ks as if it _. breaks has broken C.were broken D.had been brokenThe actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _a young man.is B.will be C.am D.wereThe clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it_rain. is going to B. will C.was going to D. would5.Its high time +that should +V.did你該走了。我們

28、該睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 1)該結構不能在該用 was 時而用 were：Its time I was in bed. 我該上床睡了.(不用were)2)should 不能省略Its half past eleven. Its high time _ home.well wedC.were going D.we wentIsnt it about time that you _to pick up the visitors from New York?A.went B.would goC.go D.will goI dont think it is the right time that you _.A.will go B.went C.go D.must goIt is high time the child _ to the hospital.A.is sent B.would be sentC.be sent D.was se