1、TOYOTA ENGINEERING STANDARDNO.:TSC0505GTITLE: Bench test method for radio interference suppression performance of automotive electric and electronic parts CLASS:C1Established:/Revised:Rev.4(Jan. 2021)This standard has been revised as a result of changes in the measurement conditions for DAB / DTV ba

2、nd Section 4.2.4 (1), (2), Table 5, Table 7, Table 8.Prepared and Written by:Electronic Performance Development &Engineering Dept.Electronics Control System Development Div.Design Quality Innovation Dept.TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATIONBench test method for radio interference suppression performance ofautom

3、otiveelectric and electronic partsScopeThis standard covers the bench test method concerning radio interference of automotive electric and electronic parts (such as computers, motors, and actuators):DefinitionsTerms used in this standard are defined as follows.Radio interferencesThis term refers to

4、disturbances in sound and image broadcasting signals received by radios, TV sets and so on, and in operations of electric wave operated device due to high frequency noises emitted from automotive electric and electronic parts mounted on vehicles.Vehicle mounted receiverThis term refers to radio rece

5、ivers and radio transmitter-receivers. Radios (AM and FM), DTV (Digital TV), SDARS, DAB (Digital Audio Broadcast), SMART, RKE (Remote Keyless Entry), TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring Systemi), wireless devices, TEL, GPS, Bluetooth, VICS, and so on are regarded as those devices.Automotive electric and

6、electronic partsAutomotive electric and electronic parts refer to the devices which control systems by mainly using semiconductors and the various detection devices (sensors) and output units (motors and actuators) which are used in conjunction with them, or the devices which contain one or more suc

7、h devices.SpecimenSpecimen means the device to be tested. It consists of automotive electric and electronic parts.Conducted emissionThis term in this standard refers to the electromagnetic energy conducted to harnesses of a vehicle from noise generating sources.Radiated emissionThis term in this sta

8、ndard refers to the electromagnetic energy radiated into the space from the noise generating source units.Wide band noiseThis term refers to the continuous noise which has the wider frequency spectrum than the measurement band width.Narrow band noiseThis term refers to the continuous noise which has

9、 the narrower frequency spectrum than themeasurement band width.Conversion impedanceThis term refers to the impedance of the current probe. The unit of measurement shall be (dBQ).The electric current (dBpA) can be induced from the measurement electric voltage (dBpV) of the spectrum analyzer which is

10、 measured by using the current probe, by usingthe formula below.Electric current (dBpA)=Measurement electric voltage (dBpV)-Conversion impedance (dBQ) +Cable loss (dB)-Value of amplified proportion by RF (Radio Frequency) preamplifier (dB)Antenna factorThis term refers to the sensitivity factor of t

11、he antenna and designates, in this standard, the correction coefficient of the antenna induction voltage (50Q) corresponding to the electric field strength. The unit of measurement shall be (dB) or (dB/m). The electric field (dBpV/m) can be induced from the measurement electric voltage (dBpV) of the

12、 spectrum analyzer, which is received by the antenna, by using the formula below.Electric field (dBp/m)=Measurement electric voltage (dBpV)+Antenna factor (dB or dB/m)+ Cable loss (dB)-Value of amplified proportion by RF preamplifier (dB)Peak detectionThis term refers to the detection method to outp

13、ut the voltage wave height of the measuring signal.Average detectionThis term refers to the detection method to output the average voltage of the envelop of measuring signals. In the case where the measuring device used does not have the capability to output the average voltage,the detecting method

14、to output the average of the effective values may be used.Max holdThis term refers to a measurement mode in the spectrum analyzer measurement designed to perform multiple sweeps and select the maximum value of the multiple sweep data.Trace averageThis term refers to a measurement mode in the spectru

15、m analyzer measurement designed to perform multiple sweeps and average processing to the multiple sweep data.Multiple bands measurementThis term refers to the comprehensive measurement of a number of frequencies such as the FM band the DAB band.Ground planeThis term refers to conductive metal plates

16、 which are installed beneath specimens, loads, simulators, and batteries, This is used as the reference potential to simulate a vehicle body. It is made of copper, brass or aluminum metal plate, whose thickness is 0.5 mm and more and area is 1000 x 2000 mm and more. It is ensured that it has the ele

17、ctrical continuity with the electromagnetic shied wall of the anechoic chamber.Background noiseThis term refers to the external noises which are generated and propagated by other than the specimens and include noises generated by measurement devices, broadcasting waves and simulators.Shield chamberT

18、his term refers to the chamber consisting of electromagnetic shield walls.Anechoic chamber (ALSE)This term refers to the dark room which is composed of electromagnetic shields andelectric wave absorbers. ALSE is an abbreviation of Absorber Lined Shielded Enclosure.Standard conditionThe standard cond

19、ition means the normal condition of the test site and shall be the normal temperature (from 5 to 35 C) and the normal air pressure (from 86 to 106 kPa) unless otherwise provided.Standard voltageThis term refers to the power supply voltage of specimens in the general tests and shall be the voltage of

20、 121 V provided that the automotive batteries are used.+BThis term refers to the power supply or power supply line which is required to operate automotive electric and electronic parts.GND terminalThis term refers to ground terminals or reference terminals of the power supply system which is require

21、d to operate automotive electric and electronic parts.Departments involvedThe departments involved in this TS refer to TS responsible department and parts/systems design departments.Test plan sheetThe document which describes details of items to be implemented which are agreed among departments invo

22、lved prior to the test. The discussions with other department involved and the decisions which are not stated in this test plan sheet are not valid.Test reportThe document which describes the test results and the amendments from the test plan sheet, in addition to the contents of the test plan sheet

23、. The discussions with other departments involved and the decisions which are not stated in this test report sheet are not valid.Test ItemsTest items in this standard are specified in Table 1.Table 1 List of Test ItemsTest itemTest methodSection numberConducted emissionCurrent probe methodSection 6.

24、1.1Voltage probe methodSection 6.1.2Radiated emissionMagnetic field antenna methodSection 6.2.1Electric field antenna methodSection 6.2.2ALSE methodSection 6.2.36-cm loop antenna methodSection 6.2.4Test ConditionsThe test conditions common to the test items of Section 3 are described in Table 2.Tabl

25、e 2 Test Conditions Common to Test ItemsItemConditionMeasuring frequencyTo be decided according to the specifications based on the agreement with departmentsinvolved.Subject noise sourceTo be decided according to the design configuration based on the agreement with departments involved.Detection met

26、hodTo be decided according to the subject noise source based on the agreement with departments involved.Setting conditions for specimenTo be operated according to Section 4.1.1.Measurement environment and siteTo be measured according to Section 4.2.1 and Section 4.2.2.Test equipmentSpectrum analyzer

27、To be measured according to Section 4.2.4.Probe and antenna for measurementTo be measured according to Section 4.2.5.Other equipmentTo be measured according to Section 4.2.6.Common Conditions Concerning SpecimensConditions common to specimens in the test items of Section 3 are described below. Prior

28、 to the measurement, discussions shall be held by departments involved, and the discussions and decisions shall be written in the test plan sheet and the test report.Setting Conditions for SpecimenUnless otherwise clearly mentioned in Section 6, the setting methods of specimen shall be in accordance

29、 with the methods below.Connection of loadThe measurement shall be carried out with the actual load being connected, If there is a compelling reason, the artificial load or the simulator shall be connected. In the case where the artificial load or the simulator is to be connected, the circuit which

30、has equivalent electric characteristics of the actual load shall be configured. Basically, the full load shall be connected so that the required load to continuously operate subject noise sources is applied.Connection of harnessIt is a basic rule to connect the harnesses which have equivalent wire t

31、ype, length and diameter to the harnesses mounted on the vehicles. The wire length in this case shall be within 500 mm of the length of the harness mounted on the vehicles. Otherwise, several standard values may be selected respectively in accordance with the discussion among department involved.If

32、there are any compelling reasons such as wide variations among vehicles, a representative value among several vehicles on which it is mounted shall be selected, or the provisions in Section 6 shall be complied. However, in the case where the basic principles in this section are to be deviated, there

33、 will be possibilities that the correlation with its vehicle mounted conditions may not be assured.Grounding treatmentAs for grounding treatments of the specimens and the loads to be used, the circuit grounding and the housing grounding which are as equivalent as possible to the vehicle mounting con

34、ditions shall be provided by connecting them with the ground plane. The grounding treatment shall be done in accordance with the provisions in Section 6.However, in the case where the housing is grounded in the vehicle mounted condition, thegrounding treatment shall be provided by using thie 300100

35、mm length harness connecting the housing with the ground plane in okder to measure the conducted emission of the housing ground.Height of specimen and harnessThe specimen and the harness shall be installed 50 mm above the ground plane. It shall be placed on nonconductive materials which have low rel

36、ative permittivity such as polystyrene foam.Operating conditions of specimenThe specimens and the loads shall be operated in the conditions equivalent to the vehicle mounted conditions. Each noise source shall be continuously operated during the measurement. It is not necessary to measure isolated n

37、oises of approximately 1 ms which occurs when the control is turned on and off. In the case where the measurement values fluctuate due to the control method and the environmental conditions, departments involved shall discuss to decide the operating conditions considering each fluctuation condition

38、(operations to make the noise level worst such as in the consumption current MAX state, and so on), operating time, frequency, etc.4.2 Common Conditions Concerning Measurement SystemConditions common to the measurement system in the test items of Section 3 are described below.Prior to the measuremen

39、t, discussions shall be held by departments involved, and the discussionsand decisions shall be written in the test plan sheet and the test report.Test EnvironmentTest shall be carried out in the standard condition. However, if there is no chance that any doubt will arise regarding the test results,

40、 the test environment may be decided in accordance with the discussion among departments involved.Test SiteTest shall be carried out after confirming that the site is free from noticeable interfering radio waves, as described below.Background noise in measurement siteThe measurement shall basically

41、be carried out in the place where the background noise is 15 dB or more lower than the target value. However, with regard to some measurement frequencies, the background noise is permitted to be 6 dB or more tower than the target value in accordance with the discussion among departments involved. If

42、 the above mentioned background noise is not possible to be secured, the RF preamplifier may be used.Reflection characteristics of measurement siteThe conducted emission test in Section 6.1 shall be carried out in the shielded chamber or the anechoic chamber. The radiated emission test in Section 6.

43、2 shall be carried out in the anechoic chamber. However, if there is no chance that any doubt arises in terms of the judgments, the measurement site may be changed in accordance with the discussion among departments involved.Systems Subject to Measurement and Measurement FrequenciesThe list of each

44、system subject to measuremient and their frequency bands is shown in Table 3. Actual measurement shall be carried-out at full bands between 100 kHz and 2700MHz regardless of sysitem subject to measurementTable 3 List of Systems Subject to MeasurementSubject system (Abbreviation)Frequency bandSMART10

45、4.2 to 164.2 kHzAM510 to 1710 kHzFM71 to 113 MHzDTVJP-DTV465 to 715 MHzBR-DTV465 to 811 MHzKR-DTV169 to 221 MHzDABBAND III169 to 245 MHzL-BAND1452 to 1492 MHzFire radioFR150137 to 175 MHzFR400405 to 475 MHzRKERKE1308.5 to 318.5 MHzRKE2428.92 to 438.92 MHzTPMSTPMS1309.98 to 319.98 MHzTPMS2428.92 to 4

46、38.92 MHzITS750 to 770 MHzTELLTEB1/UMTSB12100 to 2180 MHzLTE B2/UMTS B21920 to 2000 MHzLTE B3/GSM B31795 to 1890 MHzLTE B4/UMTS B42100 to 2165 MHzLTE B5/UMTS B5859 to 904 MHzLTE B72610 to 2700 MHzLTE B8/UMTS B8/GSM B8915 to 970 MHzLTEB12724 to 751 MHzLTEB13741/to 766 MHzLTEB17729 to 751 MHzLTE B2078

47、1 to 831 MHzLTE B26849 to 904 MHzLTE B28748 to 813 MHzLTE B382540 to 2630 MHzLTE B391870 to 1930 MHzLTE B402290 to 2410 MHzLTE B412486 to 2700 MHzSatellitePositioning systemGPS1565.42 to 1585.42 MHzGLONASS1578.0625 to 1625.375 MHzBDS1553.098 to 1569.098 MHzSDARSXM2320 to 2345 MHzBluetooth2402 to 248

48、0 MHzVICS2499.5 to 2499.9 MHz4.2.4 Spectrum AnalyzerThis is the measurement device to measure noise spectrum, in other words noisefrequency distributions, of specimens. The specifications described in Table 4 shall be satisfied. If an EMI receiver is used, use a measurement device referring to CISPR

49、 16-1-1. Setting may be determined in accordance with the discussion with department(s) involved.Example: ESA-E series made by Keysight TechnologiesTable 4 Spectrum Analyzer SpecificationRequired itemReguired specificationMinimum measurement level-110 dBm max.(2)Frequency rangeEquivalent to from 100

50、 kHz to 3 GHz(3)Detection methodPeak and average(4)Number of measurement points (Only for multiple bands measurement)Up to 8001 points may be set as minimum.(5)Input impedance50 QNote (1): In the case where the input does not reach minimum measurement level, it is permitted to insert an RF preamplif

51、ier.(1) Setting of spectrum analyzerA list of noise types is shown in Table 5. Basic setting methods are shown in Table 6. Setting methods for DAB (BANDIII) band and DTV band are shown in Table 7. As to the DAB (BANDIII) band and DTV band, a measurement shall be made according to both settings speci

52、fied in Tables 6 and 7, or the setting specified in Table 7. For a judgement, use the value obtained by the measurement with the setting specified in Table 7. Examples of setting methods for reference are shown in Table 8. In the case where there are compelling reasons that the setting methods canno

53、t be selected from Table 6 and Table 7 due to the spectrum analyzer specifications, the setting methods may be partly changed to the extent that there will be no chance to arise any doubt in terms of the measurement results in accordance with the discussion among departments involved.Table 5 List of

54、 Noise TypesClassificationNoise typePMotor system (wide band noise such as brush noise or noise whose noise generation interval is mainly noise of 1ms to 10ms). Example: electric mirror, power window.multimode manual transmission, etc.Y1PWM system ECU noise (narrow band noise that has the PWM rectan

55、gular wave or clock used in ECU as the basic wave and that is continuously generated). Example: electricpower steering, DCDC converter, clock noise, of ECU, etc.Y2PWM system ECU noise (narrow band noise that has the PWM rectangular wave or clock used in ECU as the basic wave and that is difficult to

56、 measure by the average measuremenit because of short generation duration). Example: solenoid of brake, etc.Table 6 Basic Setting Methods of Spectrum AnalyzerMeasurement frequency (MHz)RBWS(kHz)Sweep timeMeasuring time(5) (s)Number of measurement points(point)Detection method (Measurement mode)30 ma

57、x103s/MHzTotal sweepMeasuring(1) Peak detection30 min100100ms/MHztime(4) andfrequency band(Maximum hold)longer (But10 or more)(Hz) and RBW(Hz) and more(6)(2) Average detection(Trace average)Table 7 Settings of Spectrum Analyzer in DAB (BANDIII) Band and DTV BandSubject systemRBW。)(kHz)Noise typeMeas

58、uring time per pointMeasuring time(5) (s)Number of measurement points(point)Detection method) (Measurement mode)DAB(BANDIII)KR-DTV1000P，Y22msTotal sweep time x 5 sweeps and longerMeasuring frequency band (Hz) /RBW (Hz) x 2 and more(6) Peak detection (Trace average)Y150msTotal sweep time andlonger Pe

59、ak detection (Maximum hold)(2) Average detection (Trace average)JP-DTVBR-DTVP，Y22msTotal sweep time x 5 sweeps and longer Peak detection (Trace average)Y150msTotal sweep time andlongerPeak detection (Maximum hold)Average detection(Trace average)Notes:It shall be set within the applicable frequency r

60、anges of the probe and antenna used.The ratio between RBW (Resolution Band Width) and VBW (Video Band Width) shall be 1:3. In the case where a RBW value not shown in above Table is set in order to reduce background noise, the data which confirm there is no change in measured noises at the set RBW va