1、Chapter 7漢英謂語對比Comparing Western and Chinese Philosophies:Western: Binary opposition between the subject and object.（物我兩分）The subject and its narration form a complete topic. (Theme + Rheme)Chinese:The combination of nature and man.The subject and object exist in harmony as a unified whole.（天人合一）Res

2、ult:Western: strict syntax built on S+V structureChinese: not necessarily an “S” or strict “V”V in English (V-centred syntax)1) English syntax evolves from the variation of the “V” eg. 主謂一致，主謂搭配，時態，語態，語氣，形式2) Seven basic structures of English SV The train had arrived (quietly) (at the station) (befo

3、re we noticed it). SVC She is a student (of GDUFS) (at the moment). SVO They ate the food (quickly) (that evening). SVOO He offered her some wine (politely) (before the dinner). SVOC They elected him chairman (unanimously) (at the meeting) (last week). SVOA She put the plates on the table. SVA Mary

4、is in her office (now).3) V可以劃分出四個單位： 定式動詞（謂詞），補語，賓語，狀語 核心 = 定式動詞（predicate）V in Chinese (V-flexible syntax)1）沒有定式動詞名詞性謂語 桂林好地方。 小張廣州人。 一斤蘋果三元錢。形容詞性謂語 孩子們高興得跳了起來。 中俄兩國人民友誼比山高，比海深。 你父母身體狀況怎么樣？ 劉先生見多識廣。主謂短語作謂語 我們班一半是廣東人。 小王個子高，小陳身體壯。 這件事校長不知道。2）有定式動詞，但非常靈活，且無形態（時、數）變化單動 我聽過這個故事。 人是最高級的動物。雙項連動 他站起來走了。

5、我們有信心完成任務。三項連動 我下了班騎自行車去菜場。四項連動 我下了班騎自行車去菜場買菜。多項連動我下了班騎自行車去菜場買菜回家做飯。兼語式 很多人求他幫忙。 你告訴小王通知院長明天開會。混合式 你扶著王老先生上車。交錯式 你回去請工程師明天來廠里檢修設備。 我叫小林把設備檢修一下。 小林被請到車間去檢修設備。英語連動式的表達1.動詞非限定形式 eg. She stayed home to help me. We stood watching the match. The job done, they went home.2.某些介詞 eg. upon, despite, for fear

6、of, considering, according to 3.某些副詞 eg. explain away, stand akimbo漢語連動式的表達1.雙項連動 我們去劇院看演出。2.多項連動 大家在飯桌上邊吃邊喝邊討論。3.擴展式（公因話題流水句） 小王走進屋里，向四下看了一周，便一屁股坐下來，張口喘氣。英語兼語式的表達1.綜合型 1) 使役意義的單純詞 2) 加綴法2.分析型 V+O+C漢語兼語式的表達1.使役意義的謂語動詞 eg. 使、讓、囑咐、命令、請(求)、(勸)告2. 情感意義的謂語動詞 eg. 喜歡、討厭、感謝、嫌3. 感官動作的謂語動詞 eg. 看見、聽見、聞到Example

7、s Analysis少數民族地區的經濟社會獲得不斷的發展。The minority concentrated regions have witnessed continued economic and social development. The economy and society of the ethnic minority areas have been developing continuously.Continuous economic and social development has been achieved/attained in the minority ethnic

8、 areas.Examples Analysis中國的潛在市場同國外的先進技術和資金優勢結合起來，就能形成眾多的發展機遇。Chinas potential market, once combined with foreign advanced technology and capital, will produce many opportunities for development.The combination of Chinas potential market with foreign advanced technology and capital will create/produc

9、e/generate many opportunities for development.Examples Analysis當然人口來講，大家都知道我們是13億。We all know that Chinas population is 1.3 billion.We know that China has 1.3 billion people.We know that China is a country with 1.3 billion people. Examples Analysis我們堅持在和平共處五項原則的基礎上，建立發展友好合作關系。We will establish and d

10、evelop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. We will stick to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and we will establish and develop friendly relations and cooperation with the rest of the world on the basis

11、 of this. Examples Analysis美國的大企業現在真的開始動起來了，這是中美經濟貿易中的一個可喜的現象。Large US companies have now really begun to do something. This is a satisfactory development in Sino-US economy and trade.It is an encouraging development in Sino-US economy and trade that large US enterprises are now on the go.Examples A

12、nalysis他們利用持久戰術把敵人引到內陸加以殲滅。They used a prolonged war to draw the enemy into the hinterland and wiped them out. They drew the enemy into the hinterland and wiped them out with a prolonged war.They wiped out the enemy after drawing them into the hinterland with a prolonged war. Examples Analysis我早就想親眼

13、看一看你們美麗的國家。I longed to see your beautiful country with my own eyes. Examples Analysis我愿借此機會邀請商業部長閣下在方便的時候訪問中國。I would like to take this opportunity to invite His Excellency Minister of Commerce to visit China at a time convenient to him.Examples Analysis我們要加快技術改造的步伐，引進先進設備，增加產品品種，提高產品質量。We need to m

14、ake great efforts in speeding up the technical renovation and introducing advanced equipments for more variety and better quality. Examples Analysis沿海開放城市的任務是認真抓好現有企業技術改造，更新工藝技術，提高經營管理水平，致力于傳統產品的更新換代和新產品的開發。The tasks of the coastal open cities are to conscientiously carry out transformation and upgr

15、ading of technologies, improve the management and to make efforts in improvement of the traditional products and the development of new products. Examples AnalysisIn military interference with political arrangements in Iraq, the United States is not able to do as it wishes. 在對伊拉克政治的干涉方面，美國表現得十分力不從心。

16、Examples AnalysisChina is a country with vast territory, a big population and a long history. 中國疆域遼闊、人口眾多、歷史悠久。Examples AnalysisI want to thank the students for giving me the chance to meet with you, the chance to talk a little bit about my country and answer some of your questions. 我要感謝在座的各位同學給我這個機

17、會跟大家見面談一談我自己的國家，并且回答大家的一些問題。 Examples AnalysisUpon finishing his dinner, President Nixon got up to leave the table. A Canadian reporter dashed over, grabbed the chopsticks the President had just used, and put them into his pocket as a souvenir. 尼克松總統用餐完畢，起身離席的時候，一名加拿大記者箭步跑去，一把抓住美國總統剛使用過的那雙筷子揣入懷中留作紀念

18、。Examples AnalysisI call for cooperation in the economic and technical sectors among the countries the world over.我呼吁世界各國在經濟、技術方面進行合作。Examples AnalysisBritain is highly responsive to the concerns, particularly the economic concerns, of the developing countries.英國非常關注發展中國家所關切的問題，特別是經濟問題。Examples Anal

19、ysisThe United States want to use military force against so-called terrorist countries.美國要用軍事力量來對付那些所謂的恐怖主義國家。Examples AnalysisYou and your country waged a long struggle for social justice.您和貴國進行了長期斗爭爭取社會正義。Examples AnalysisI extend to you most warmly an invitation to visit our country which will af

20、ford us an opportunity for further discussion on the world situation and also to review bilateral relations. Above all it will give us an opportunity to return in some small ways the truly warm e and generous hospitality extended to us.我最熱情地邀請你們到我國進行回訪，以使我們有機會進一步討論世界形勢、回顧雙邊關系發展，尤其重要的是，使我們有機會得以回報你們的熱烈歡迎和盛情款待。Examples Analysis e to our factory. I am in charge of factory tours. Ill be your guide for the afternoon. Any qu