1、湖南涉外經濟學院本科生畢業論文（設計）附錄 A：文獻翻譯原文Chapter 1 CNC/CAMWARNING : Machine tools present a safety hazard. Improper operation can result in severe injury. These topics are for non-laboratory study only and are not to be used in conjunction with the operation of any tool or machine described herein. Never use a

2、 machine tool without the supervision of a qualified instructor.1.1 CAD/CAM SystemsThis topic is an introduction to CAD/CAM systems, components, and applications.CAD/CAM is an acronym for Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing.In essenceCAD is simply a drafting board in a computer and

3、facilitates engineering and design with a monitor and a keyboard instead of a paper and pencil. The drawing is saved in an electronic data file for editing.CAM is what can be done with the electronic data to help manufacture the engineered part represented in the electronic file. Although there can

4、be hundreds of different manufacturing processes (stamping, forging, molding, etc) “ CAM” when teamed with “ CAD” as in“ CAD/CAM” has come to refer almost exclusively as the process of machining the CAD geometry on CNC machinery. Of course the computer file alone cannot machine a part nor can the co

5、mputer. But with a CAD/CAM system the electronic CAD file can be used to create another file of tool paths that can be fed into the controls of the CNC machinery.In the 60s and 70s CAD/CAM systems were comprised of expensive mainframe computers and minicomputers. Because of rapid advancements in com

6、puter technology, the personal computer (PC) is now being used for most systems.System Components(The PC based CAD/CAM system and peripheral)A typical PC-based CAD/CAM system begins with a personal computer. This computer should have enough power and memory and must be properly configured to effecti

7、vely run the software .An input device or two will also be required. Normally this would consist of a mouse and a keyboard. Output devices are also needed such as a printer or plotter to generate blueprints, CNC programs, and tool sheets or other necessary paperwork. The system would also include CA

8、D/CAM software. Selecting the correct software to meet the requirements of manufacturing application is perhaps the most important aspect of your system.39湖南涉外經濟學院本科生畢業論文（設計）(What Computer Aided Design does.)CAD, at its most basic, is a geometric modeling system used to produce two dimensional or th

9、ree dimensional engineering drawings in a computer. CAD is the use of a computer to aid in the total design process. The design process involves identifying a need, generating possible solutions to meet that need, evaluating each solution to determine its merit, and developing a detail model so it c

10、an be built. PC can aid in most steps in this design process.Currently, the primary use of CAD is in the three-dimensional models from which engineering drawings and CNC part programs are produced almost automatically. A drawing is developed in the computer aided design process, without the need to

11、fabricate a prototype, so all the testing and analysis can be performed and a part program can be generated.The major goals of CAD for manufacturing are to increase productivity and create a database for manufacturingCAD helps the designer or drafts person to visualize a design on the computer scree

12、n. The designer can make changes and get immediate feedback on the results. Current CAD software also allows for analysis and testing of components before manufacturing the actual part. CAD This is a very important part of modern manufacturing expertise. The increased use of CAD- based engineering a

13、nalysis tools such as finite element analysis has increased the quality of product world wide. The automobile industry can make cars that last longer, run cooler, and provide more power/economy due - in great part - to the ability of the design engineer to test models in a computer before making the

14、 first part. Aerospace, construction, medical, and all of the other design manufacturers have benefited as well.（What Computer Aided Manufacturing does）CAM utilizes computers in the control and operations of the manufacturing process. There are two main applications for Computer-Aided Manufacturing:

15、Where the computerdirectly controls a manufacturing operation. Where the computer is used to support the manufacturing process, for example inventory Control and CNC part programming.The application most commonly associated with CAM is CNC part programming. Generally, the application involves either

16、 defining the part geometry or retrieving it from an existing file and then describing the cutter tool path including the feed rate , coolant, and clamping. Next, the program is run through a process called post-processing in which a CNC file is generated.（ How CAD/CAM integrated ）A direct linkbetwe

17、en product design and manufacturing can be established using40湖南涉外經濟學院本科生畢業論文（設計）CAD/CAM software. Product engineers use a CAD system to establish the part geometry, dimensions, and tolerances. This design data can be transferred to the CAM system where the part programmers develop the CNC program t

18、o machine the part.A CAD/CAM system can consist of separate or integrated CAD and CAM software. For a system using separate CAD and CAM packages, transfer of drawing geometry using either direct or indirect translation is required. In this case, part geometry is first created on the CAD system and t

19、hen transferred to the corresponding CAM system. After the geometry has been recreated in the CAM system, the programmer specifies the tools that will be used. Detail information for each tool, such as material, diameter, number of flutes, and length, will be specified (above right). Next the order

20、of the machining process will be established (right). And finally a tool path with proper feed rate information is provided.Most CAM systems provide interactive graphic animations to verify the NC part program. An integrated CAD/CAM system is a dedicated system that will allow the user to create pro

21、duct geometry and generate CNC programs all in one package. Data transfer from CAD to CAM is not required, and there is no data compatibility problem. This feature is important since it ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data.41湖南涉外經濟學院本科生畢業論文（設計）附錄 B：文獻翻譯譯文第一章 CNC/CAM警告 ：機床存在安全隱患。操作不當可能會導致

22、嚴重的人身傷害。這些議題都是非實驗室的研究僅是不被用于與所述的任何工具或機操作相結合。 從來沒有一個合格的教練監督使用機床。1.1 CAD / CAM 系統本主題介紹了 CAD / CAM 系統，組件和應用程序。背景CAD / CAM 是計算機輔助設計 /計算機輔助制造的英文縮寫。 CAD 在本質上僅僅是在一臺計算機上利用顯示器和鍵盤進行工程設計起草， 而不是用一張紙和一支鉛筆。圖紙被保存在一個電子數據文件中進行編輯。CAM 可以用電子數據輔助完成部分制造工程并生成在電子文件中，即便是數百個不同的制造工藝（沖壓 ， 鍛造， 鑄造等）。當 “CAM”和“CAD”合作組成 “CAD/CAM” 時，

23、幾乎所有加工過程都可以用 CAD 幾何表示應用在數控機械中。當然，電腦文件不能單獨是機器的一部分，也不能僅是電腦的一部分。但CAD / CAM 系統的電子 CAD 文件可用于創建另一個文件的工具， 可以應用到數控機械控制的路徑。在 60 年代和 70 年代的 CAD / CAM 系統，包括昂貴的大型機計算機和小型機 。由于計算機技術的飛速進步， 個人計算機 （ PC）是目前正在使用的大多數系統。CAD/CAM系統組成 （基于 PC 的 CAD/CAM 系統和外圍設備）一個典型的基于 PC -CAD / CAM 系統開始于個人計算機（ PC）。這臺電腦應該有足夠的性能和記憶 ，必須正確配置， 有

24、效運行的軟件 。還需要一個或兩個輸入設備。通常情況下，這將包括 一個鼠標和鍵盤 。輸出設備也需要，如一個打印機或繪圖儀生成藍圖 、 數控程序、 工具或其他必要的文件。選擇正確的軟件，以滿足生產應用的要求，也許是您的系統中最重要的方面。基本的 CAD （計算機輔助設計做什么）CAD 其最基本的，是一種用于生產二維或三維計算機工程圖紙的幾何造型系統。CAD 是使用電腦，以幫助在整個設計過程。設計過程中涉及確定需要，產生可能的解決方案， 以滿足這一需要， 每個解決方案進行評估， 以確定其優點，并制定一個詳細的模型，以便它可以建立。 計算機可以幫助在這個設計過程中的大部分步驟。42湖南涉外經濟學院本科

25、生畢業論文（設計）目前， CAD 的主要用途是在三維模型中自動生成工程設計圖紙和生產數控零件的程序。繪圖開發的計算機輔助設計過程中，無需編造原型，所以能夠執行所有的測試和分析并能生成零件程序。可以進行零件程序可以生成所有的測試和分析。 CAD 的制造業的主要目標是提高生產率和制造業，創建一個數據庫。CAD 幫助設計師或繪圖員在電腦屏幕上看到一個設計。設計師可以進行更改，并獲得即時反饋結果。當前 CAD 軟件還允許對之前生產的實際部分進行分析和部分測試。這是一個現代制造技術的非常重要的組成部分。 增加了基于 CAD 的工程，如 “有限元分析 ”分析工具的使用增加了世界各地的產品質量。汽車行業可以使