1、英漢翻譯筆記整理翻譯英譯漢是在閱讀、理解、表述這樣一個過程中完成的。閱讀和正確理解 sourcelanguage 是極為關(guān)鍵的步驟，至于中文target language表述，假設(shè)談到有什么差異的有什么需要？純手工錄入，未經(jīng)整理，錯誤難免，高手訂正。第一局部：數(shù)詞的譯法一、數(shù)字增減的譯法：1.句式特征：by名詞比較級thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one32.句式特征：表示增減意義的動詞to+n.譯為：增加到?；蛳鳒p到。Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 5050二、百分?jǐn)?shù)

2、增減的表示法與譯法句式特征：表示增減意義的動詞The output value has increased 35%35句式特征：表示增減意義的動詞byRetail salses should rise by 83The prime cost decreased by 60%60句式特征：表示削減意義的動詞to+%表示削減后剩余的數(shù)量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.承受這種工藝，20句式特征： 比較級 thanRetail sales are expected to be nine percent hi

3、gher than last year.今年零售額與9。句式特征： 比較級 名詞表示凈減數(shù)The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied.106.句式特征：a + % + increaseThere is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year20去年相比，今年鋼產(chǎn)句式特征：+ (of) 名詞代詞表示凈減數(shù)，數(shù)字nThe production cost is about 60 percent that of last year60句式特征：%up onoverThe g

4、rain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.197820。其次局部 倍數(shù)增加的表示法及譯法n-1 倍”以表示凈增加數(shù)。假設(shè)譯成“增加到nn1.句式特點：表示增加意義的動詞n times“表示成倍地增長，譯成”增加到N 倍“或”n-1注：1once; 2twice或double；3thrice或three times2.句式特點：表示增加意義的動詞 n times，該句式與上述一樣句式特點：表示增加意義的動詞to n timesNn-1“句式特點：表示增加意義的動詞by a factor

5、 of n times句式特點：表示增加意義的動詞比較級by a factor ofn times的倍數(shù)，譯成”比。大長、寬。N-1句式特點：表示增加意義的動詞 n times比較級than。7n times +adj./adv. +as.8.句式特點：表示增加意義的動詞a n times(或 n-fold) increase.表示增N 倍，譯成”增加了N19.句式特點：表示增加意義的動詞as + adj./adv.+ again as.譯成”比。大長、寬。倍“例子： Line A is as long again as line B. AB1This machine turns half a

6、s fast again as that one.這臺機器轉(zhuǎn)動比那臺機器快半倍。10.句式特點：表示增加意義的動詞halfas+adj./adv.+againas.譯成”比。大長、寬。半倍“句式特點：用double 表示倍數(shù)，譯成”等于的2倍“或”增加了1倍“句式特點：用treble32句式特點：用quadruple43倍數(shù)削減在英譯時，需把倍數(shù)換算成分?jǐn)?shù)。成幾倍削減，可以改譯成”削減到1/N“或削減了”N-1/N“。而削減了N1/N1“或”削減了N/N+1“。句式特點：表示削減意義的動詞N timesN1/N“或”削減N-1/N“The length of laser tube was re

7、duced ten times.激光管的長度縮短了格外之九。byNtimes 表示成N1/N“或”削減了N-1/N“The bandwith was reduced by two times.帶寬削減了二分之一。句式特點：表示削減意義的動詞by a factor of + N timesN1/N“或”削減了N-1/N“句式特點：表示削減意 義的動詞 a-N times(N-fold)+ reduction 譯成” 削減到1/N“或”削減了N-1/N“Theprincipaladvantageovertheold-fashionedmachineisafour-foldreductioninwe

8、ight.與舊式機器比，主要特點是重量削減了四分之三。句式特點：表示削減意義的動詞N timesas + adj./adv.譯成”削減到1/N“或”削減了N-1/N“句式特點：表示削減意義的動詞N times+ 比較級 thanN1/N1”1/N1“The plastic container is five times lighter than that glass one個玻璃容器輕六分之五。英語倍數(shù)句型及其譯法個塑料容器比那英語表示倍數(shù)增減或倍數(shù)比照的句型多種多樣，其中有 一些如下文中的句型、12 等， 見圈碼很簡潔譯錯其主要緣由在于：英漢兩語在表述或比照倍數(shù)方面存在著語言與思維差異?，F(xiàn)將

9、常 用的英語倍數(shù)句型及其正確譯法歸納如下：倍數(shù)增加Aisntimesasgreatlong，much，asB.Aisntimesgreaterlongermore，thanB.Aisntimesthesizelengthamount，ofB.()BnABn-1Eg. This book is three times as long asthree times longer than，threetimes the length ofthat one.3 倍即長兩倍。注：當(dāng)相比的對象Bthanas，ofB二increase to n timesincrease n timesn-fold incr

10、ease by n times increase by a factor of n以上四式均應(yīng)譯為：增加到n 倍或：增加n-1。Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three timesas compared with last year.集成電路的產(chǎn)量比去年增加了兩倍。Eg. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as againstl98619864Eg. That can increase metabolic ra

11、tes by two or three times.2312。Eg. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.34。注：在這類句型中increase 常被raise，grow，go/step up，multiply三Thereisan-foldincrease/growth應(yīng)譯為：增加n-倍或增至n 倍。這個句型還有其它一些形式：Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported.3四double1，treble2，quadruple3。()Eg.

12、 The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled23五此外，英語中還有一種用againasB.=Aistwiceasmuchlarge，long，as B.應(yīng)譯為：AB大，長，1Aishalfasmuchlarge，1ong，)againasB.【= A is one and a half times as muchlarge， 1ong，as B.】11應(yīng)譯為:AB大，長一半即AB。倍數(shù)削減一Aisntimesassmalllight，slow，asB.12Aisntimessmallerligh

13、terslowerthanB.13以上兩句均應(yīng)譯為：AB1/n或A 比B輕，慢，n-1/n。Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.1/1615/16。Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.這種薄膜比一般紙張要薄一半即是一般紙厚度的1/2。注：當(dāng)相比的對象Bthan/as B二decrease n times/n-fold 14decrease by n times15 decrease by a factor

14、 of n16以上三式均譯為：削減到 1/n或：削減(n-1)/n。decreasereduce， shorten， goslow downEg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.1/32/3。Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times， the strength of the currentis stepped down by ten times.99/1090。Eg. The equipment reduced the error probabi

15、lity by a factor of 5.4/5。三There is a n-fold decrease/reduction 1/n 或：削減n1/n。17這個句型還有其它一些形式，Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed1/7。Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction inweight.這些產(chǎn)品的主要優(yōu)點是重量減輕了 1/2。從上列倍數(shù)增減句型及其譯法中不難看出：與漢語不 同的是，英語在表述或比較倍數(shù)時，無論使用什么句 型除了不含倍數(shù)詞的

16、again都包括根底倍數(shù)在內(nèi)，因此都不是凈增或凈減nn-1數(shù)增量=句型； 句型(13)表示的倍數(shù)比差12，且decreaseby3 times2/3”，3/4”。第四局部 動詞的使動用法些使動用法共勉。1.I slowly walked my horse up the hill.我漸漸地帶馬上山。2.The ran the ship aground.他們把船開到灘上去了。3.The swam their horses in the river.他們使馬泅水渡河。4.I laid myself down to rest my wearied limbs.我躺下來好讓疲乏的腿休息一下。5.They

17、 rode out the storm.他們平穩(wěn)渡過風(fēng)暴其實，爭辯動詞個人認(rèn)為，要把握后面有無賓語；賓語是人還是物；是什么樣的賓語。歡送網(wǎng)友探討，動詞的學(xué)習(xí)研討方法。第五局部 同系賓語I dreamed a strange dream.He slept the sleep that knows no waking.3.I have fought a good fight.一、在同系賓語上附有修飾形容詞時，通?？蓳Q成態(tài)度副詞。live a long life = live long; live a happy life = live happily;die a national death =

18、die nationally;die a violent death = die by violence二、有的賓語與動詞不同語源，但意義相通，也可以視為同類。run a race; run a course; run one”s career;fight a battle; blow a gale; strike a blow;ring a peal; wreak one”s vengeance三、以itI am determined to fight it out。我決心奮斗到底。He is starring it in the provinces.他到各地巡回演出。We had to w

19、alk it in the rain.我們不得不冒雨而行。Can”t you swim it?你游不過去嗎？四、在某些熟語中可將同系賓語省略，如look thanks = look a look of thanksHe looked the thanks he could not express.他眼中現(xiàn)出言語無法表達(dá)的感謝。She left the room, looking daggers at me.她以短劍相刺的目光望著我，走出了房間。五、最高級形容詞后，可以省略同系賓語。The lady was looking her best(look).She sang her sweest(s

20、ong) to please him.第六局部 一組詞組1.all抽象名詞/抽象名詞itself very + adj.He was all gentleness to her.他對她格外溫存。To his superiors, he is humility itself。對于長輩，他極為謙遜。 “盡”的含義，有時甚至可以譯為“。的化身”、“。的具體化”。一般復(fù)數(shù)名詞用于“all”之后，也是表達(dá)這種概念。He is all smiles.他一味地笑。She is all eyes.她盯著看。I am all anxiety.我真擔(dān)憂。He is all attention.他全神貫注地聽著。2.Something (much) of / nothing (little)