1、低于10，葡萄樹停止生長，anddormantin3520（W 低于10，葡萄樹停止生長，anddormantin3520（W er Freezegraft callus，也就是嫁接的愈傷組織那一塊，所以一般冬天都進行一個埋到這里的埋土防寒，(useearthtocoverup)而更 的地Latitude 30-50 Altitude 100 0.6 Ocean CurrentsHumboldtCurrentoffChile BenguelaCurrentofffrica GulfStream helpcool ananytopyardsinCaliforniaandCasablancainD

2、arkincolororhaveahighrockandstonecontentabsorbandre-radiatemoresunsSoils with high water content conduct heat from vine more quickly delay budburst.facingequatorreceivemoren dry soils,this Stepperslopes陡坡)benefitmorefromLargebodiesofheatupandcooldown n E.g. With out Lake Ontario,Niagarninsula不可能種植葡萄

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4、illnewlyburstbudsandBurners Smudgepots，產生煙霧，作為保存熱量的屏障。 Wind machines 吹風機，吹散冷空氣，有的還帶有加熱功能。Sprinklers Vineyarddesignplant 合理的葡萄園規(guī)劃，onslopes/trainedhigh 種植在斜坡/MilderPreventingVineslifewillbeshortenedandthequalityofthecropwillPreventingVineslifewillbeshortenedandthequalityofthecropwillLargepopulationofr

5、vivetoattackthevinethefollowingHighSummerAccelerateripening,alteringitionandthestyleoftheIfthereisinsufficientwater,thevinemaystopripeningandevenSeasandlakes:reflectedsunlights Exceptionallycloudy：LowlevelsofUnripe tannin and flavours DecreasecropsthefollowingyearExceptionallysunny：Sunburnandleading

6、bitterhe CanopyManagement 能確保葡萄在陽光過多和過少的地方良好地成熟。水Needswaterforphotosynthesis Transpiration 蒸騰作用溫度越高，metabolism越快，需要的水越多。Floweringandfruitset降雨后的conditions也容易導致fungalinfection 灌溉Dripirrigation 滴灌，mostadvancedandexpensivehewineandevenmakeberriessplitSprinklers rn 滴灌，wastealotofwater，increasingriskofdi

7、seaseFloodirrigation 漫灌，verycheep，vineyardsmustbeflatSummerHail Warm:18.5-21之間 ContinentalClimate 氣候可以是cool,moderate,warmorCoolContinentalClimateModerateContinentalClimateMaritimeClimate 海洋性氣候氣候通常是cool or moderate ModerateContinentalClimateMaritimeClimate 海洋性氣候氣候通常是cool or moderate MediterraneanClimate 地中海氣候moderate or warm。 Maritime Climate SandSiltClay Marl Humus，良好的水分保存能力，過多的