1、市政道路橋梁工程施工及質量控制【摘要】市政道路橋梁施工技術難度不大，但由于施工場地狹小，交通流量影響大，且工藝比較復雜，在施工中會遇到各種各樣不同的環境條件的制約。本文介紹了市政道路橋梁工程施工的基本特征，分析了市政道路橋梁工程施工技術要點，提出了市政道路橋梁工程施工質量控制措施。【關鍵詞】市政道路橋梁工程施工質量控制中圖分類號:o213.1文獻標識碼:a 文章編號:市政路橋工程施工質量的好壞直接影響到工程的成本、工期及使用壽命。市政道路橋梁施工技術難度不大，但由于施工場地狹小，交通流量影響大，且工藝比較復雜，在施工中會遇到各種各樣不同的環境條件的制約。要始終堅持技術標準，注意加強施工管理，強

2、化質量意識，使市政道路施工質量不斷提高。一、市政道路橋梁工程施工的基本特征1、準備期短，開工急。城市道路工程通常由政府出資建設，出于減少工程建設對城市日常生活的干擾這一目的，對施工周期的要求又十分嚴格，工程只能提前，不準推后，施工單位往往根據工期，倒排進度計劃，難免缺乏周密性。2、施工場地狹窄，動遷量大。由于城市道路工程一般是在市內的大街小巷進行施工，舊房拆遷量大，場地狹窄，常常影響施工路段的環境和交通，給市民的生活和生產帶來了不便，也增加了對道路工程進行進度控制、質量控制的難度。work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of

3、 the quality system. Organizations, inspection, audit, four new technology application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department, supervision units, design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the techn

4、ical management of the project construction. Organization jointly examine the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for implementation. The whole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Org

5、anization of technical documents, data collection, management, participation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Organization after completion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for sche

6、duling and field construction coordination of construction work. 6, quality control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is responsible for carrying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans,

7、 measures, internal audit is responsible for organizing, supervising and inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring function. Quality inspection and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the3、地下管線復雜城。市道

8、路工程建設實施當中，經常遇到與供熱、給水、煤氣、電力、電信等管線位置不明的情況，若盲目施工極有可能挖斷管線，造成重大的經濟損失和嚴重的社會影響。同時也對道路工程進度帶來負面影響，增加額外的投資費用。4、原材料投資大。城市道路工程材料使用量極大，在工程造價中，所占比例達到50%左右，如何合理選材，是工程監理工作質量控制的重要環節。施工現場的分布，運距的遠近都是材料選擇的重要依據。二、市政道路橋梁工程施工技術要點1、路基工程路基是道路線性的主體，貫穿公路全線，與沿線的橋梁、涵洞和隧道等相連接。路基是在天然地表面上按照道路的設計線形(位置)和設計斷面(幾何形狀)的要求填筑或開挖而成的巖土結構物，是路

9、面結構的基礎。路基工程具有土石方量大、分布不均勻、施工時間長的特點，它不僅與路基工程相關的設施，如路基排水、防護和加固等相互制約，而且同公路工程的其他項目，如橋涵、隧道、路面及附屬設施相互交錯。因此，路基工程施工在技術操作、施工管理、質量標準等方面具有特殊性。就整個公路工程施工而言，路基施工往往是施工組織管理的關鍵。在道路橋梁的施工中，路基工程的施工主要注意以下幾點:(1)基層松鋪厚度的把握。在基層施工中，嚴格抓好松鋪厚度，在最佳含水量的碾壓盡量減少基層成型，經初壓后進行人工整修，work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of

10、 the quality system. Organizations, inspection, audit, four new technology application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department, supervision units, design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the techn

11、ical management of the project construction. Organization jointly examine the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for implementation. The whole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Org

12、anization of technical documents, data collection, management, participation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Organization after completion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for sche

13、duling and field construction coordination of construction work. 6, quality control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is responsible for carrying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans,

14、 measures, internal audit is responsible for organizing, supervising and inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring function. Quality inspection and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the特別要加強基層邊緣立模處

15、的壓實度，對因特殊情況碾不到位的應采用工人錘和振動夯，分層夯實，以確保其結構層的質量;(2)嚴格控制基層平整。面層鋪筑前用3m直尺對基層進行平整度檢測，平整度差且大的路段應進行整平。面層攤鋪前認真清掃基層表面，確保基層表面整潔，沒有松散浮料和雜質，如表面滴落水泥成硬渣時，應予及時清除，以確保面層平整度。2、路面工程路面是用各種筑路材料或混合料分層鋪筑在公路路基上供汽車行駛的層狀構造物。其作用是保證汽車在道路上能全天候、穩定、高速、舒適、安全和經濟地運行。(1)瀝青混凝土路面施工。瀝青路面是用瀝青材料作結合料粘結礦料或混合料修筑面層與各類基層和墊層所組成的路面結構。瀝青路面具有平整、無接縫、行車

16、舒適、耐磨、噪音低、施工期短、養護維修簡便、且適宜于分期修建等優點，因此得到廣泛應用。在我國，高等級公路路面面層的最常見類型是瀝青混凝土和瀝青碎石。瀝青路面的施工質量，也取決于主要材料的質量和瀝青混合料的配合比設計及瀝青混合料的拌和。對瀝青混合料來說。一是控制好油石比和礦料級配。二是控制好各個環節的溫度。發現問題及時調整。這兩個問題控制好則是質量的保證。對半剛性基層、底基層混合料主要是控制好水泥、石灰等穩定材料的劑量。這是保證強度符work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of the quality system. Orga

17、nizations, inspection, audit, four new technology application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department, supervision units, design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the technical management of the pr

18、oject construction. Organization jointly examine the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for implementation. The whole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Organization of technical do

19、cuments, data collection, management, participation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Organization after completion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for scheduling and field construc

20、tion coordination of construction work. 6, quality control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is responsible for carrying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans, measures, internal audit

21、 is responsible for organizing, supervising and inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring function. Quality inspection and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the合要求的主要因素，不得減料，必須用足;其次是生石灰消解要充分，過篩要嚴格，

22、防止未消解的石灰塊，否則將造成路面拱起;此外，含水量要適當，否則難以壓實。瀝青混合料的配合比不合理，油石比較大，已鋪筑的路面會產生壅包和泛油;油石比較小，路面會出現松散;礦料的質量不好，集料的壓碎值和石料的抗壓強度太差和細長扁平顆粒含量過高，使路面混合料的穩定度降低，容易出現路面的各種病害。(2)水泥混凝土路面施工。水泥混凝土路面是指以水泥混凝土為主要材料做面層的路面，簡稱混凝土路面。亦稱剛性路面，俗稱白色路面，它是一種高級路面。水泥混凝土路面施工要注意以下幾點:按試驗混凝土配合比準確配料;單位水泥用量要精確稱量，誤差值控制在1%以內;集料的含水量要及時取得，以便控制適宜的用水量，保持水灰比準

23、確;為減少用水量，改善和易性可使用合適的外摻劑;用水量誤差不得超過1%，外加劑控制在2%以內;采用電子稱或其他現代配料機械設備準確配料，盡量不采用人工手推車按車計量的配料方法;集料稱量誤差控制在3%以內。3、橋隧工程橋隧工程是高等級公路中的重要組成部分，它包括橋墩、涵洞、通道和隧道等。(1)橋墩蓋梁澆筑。墩柱頂預留鋼筋和墩蓋梁連接，橋墩蓋梁橋work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of the quality system. Organizations, inspection, audit, four new technol

24、ogy application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department, supervision units, design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the technical management of the project construction. Organization jointly exami

25、ne the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for implementation. The whole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Organization of technical documents, data collection, management, particip

26、ation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Organization after completion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for scheduling and field construction coordination of construction work. 6, qua

27、lity control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is responsible for carrying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans, measures, internal audit is responsible for organizing, supervising an

28、d inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring function. Quality inspection and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the澆筑裝模采用鋼模裝模，斜面和轉彎處不好裝模處用竹膠板配合裝模，采用鋼管和木頭配合搭建腳手架，并搭建工作作業平臺，裝好底模后便現場綁扎鋼筋，再安裝側模。澆筑時用輸送泵輸

29、或吊車送入模內，澆筑時水平分層混凝土送入模內后，用振搗棒震動密實，保證表面沒蜂窩麻面現象，頂面澆筑時控制好橫坡度。(2)橋涵施工。橋涵施工的技術要求:橋梁應根據公路功能、等級、通行能力及抗洪防災要求，結合水文、地質、通航、環境等條件進行綜合設計。特大、大橋橋位應選擇河道順直穩定、河床地質良好、河槽能通過大部分設計流量的河段，不宜選擇在斷層、巖溶、滑坡、泥石流等不良地質地帶。橋梁設計應遵循安全、適用、經濟、美觀和有利環保的原則，并考慮因地制宜、便于施工、就地取材和養護等因素。橋涵的設置應結合農田基本建設考慮排灌的需要。特殊大橋宜進行景觀設計;上跨高速公路、一級公路的橋梁應與自然環境和景觀相協調。

30、橋梁結構應考慮橋面鋪裝進行綜合設計。橋面鋪裝應有完善的橋面防水、排水系統。采用標準化跨徑的橋涵宜采用裝配式結構，機械化和工廠化施工。三、市政道路橋梁工程施工質量控制措施1、測量質量控制work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of the quality system. Organizations, inspection, audit, four new technology application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department,

31、supervision units, design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the technical management of the project construction. Organization jointly examine the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for imp

32、lementation. The whole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Organization of technical documents, data collection, management, participation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Or

33、ganization after completion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for scheduling and field construction coordination of construction work. 6, quality control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is r

34、esponsible for carrying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans, measures, internal audit is responsible for organizing, supervising and inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring functi

35、on. Quality inspection and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the由于市政道路工程的線型布置特點，平面控制點通常按復合導線布設，市政道路由于建筑物、構造物較密，地下管線復雜加之排水管道定位精度要求相對較高，因此應督促施工單位做好施工前的測量工作，檢查施工單位臨時水準點和控制樁的維護情況并記錄，并對水準點、控制樁進行復核并簽證，提高其測量精度，以免發生配套管線碰頭和擦邊現象，復核無誤后，報監

36、理復核，誤差值必須控制在允許誤差值內，并督促施工單位及時完成測點任務后加以測量保護，監理檢查、記錄并復核簽收。2、原材料質量控制目前，在市場經濟的環境下，各種材料銷售名目繁多，對采購人員極易產生誤導，所以要督促承建單位嚴把材料關，大批量材料應制定進料計劃，監理根據材料計劃和到場通知，檢查材料外觀和質保單，檢驗合格，現場見證施工單位取樣復試，復試合格后方可用于本工程。3、路基施工質量控制路基是公路工程的重要組成部分，它既是公路的主體，又是路面的載體與基礎。(1)填方路基施工質量控制。路基一般是用自然土修筑的，在路基填筑之前應對自然土進行試驗分析，確定其物理力學性質，測定其最佳含水量及最大干容重，

37、以便指導路基施工及對路基填筑成品的檢測，從有關試驗結果分析:土質顆粒越細，其相應的回彈模量越低，而砂性土回彈模量比較高。施工選擇取土場時，我們通過選work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of the quality system. Organizations, inspection, audit, four new technology application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department, supervision units,

38、 design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the technical management of the project construction. Organization jointly examine the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for implementation. The w

39、hole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Organization of technical documents, data collection, management, participation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Organization after c

40、ompletion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for scheduling and field construction coordination of construction work. 6, quality control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is responsible for car

41、rying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans, measures, internal audit is responsible for organizing, supervising and inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring function. Quality inspec

42、tion and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the擇塑性指標較小的土來填筑路基。嚴格控制松鋪厚度，路堤分層填筑的質量是保證整個路基質量的重點，故每層填實的松鋪厚度都要經檢查合格后方可壓實，壓路機對路基填土壓實時，應遵循先輕后重、先靜壓后振動、先兩邊再中間、從低處往高處的碾壓原則。(2)混凝土路面施工質量控制。施工時混凝土28d 抗彎拉強度需達到4.05.0mpa，抗壓強度達到3035mpa;為保證水泥混凝土有

43、足夠的強度、耐久性及抗腐蝕性，在混合料配合比設計中，單位水泥用量不應小于300kg(標號不低于425 號)。混凝土路面澆筑完成后，要及時用潮濕材料覆蓋，澆水養護，覆蓋養護不少于14d，防止強風和曝曬。脹縫位置應按設計要求留置。參考文獻:1 樊新慶. 淺談市政道路橋梁工程施工及質量控制j. 中國城市經濟, 2011,(09) . 2 楊運肖. 淺析市政道路工程施工現場管理j. 中國城市經濟, 2012,(03) . 3 楊敏兒. 論市政道路橋梁工程中清水混凝土應用的重要性j. 中小企業管理與科技(上旬刊), 2012,(01) . 4 何彬. 道路橋梁施工中預應力的應用及存在的問題j. 中國水運(下半月), 2011,(06) . 5 陳軍,郭振強. 淺談市政道路工程質量控制措施j. 中國新技術新產品, 2011,(12) .work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of the quality system. Organizations, i