1、 狀語從句【語法內容】狀語從句是主從復合句中修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞、副詞等的從句。由于其功能與副詞非常相近，又叫作副詞性從句。狀語從句一般可分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句和方式狀語從句九種。時間狀語從句when引導時間狀語從句when表示“當.時”，引導的從句謂語可以用延續性動詞，也可以用非延續性動詞。when引導的從句的謂語動詞所表示的動作可以發生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前、之后，也可同時發生。It was snowing when we got to the airport. 我們到達機場時，正下著雪

2、。When the meal was finished, Rachel washed up and made coffee. 吃完飯，雷切爾洗了碗并煮了咖啡。while引導時間狀語從句while we were dancing, a stranger came in. 我們正跳舞時，一個陌生人走了進來。They arrived while we were having dinner. 他們來時我們正在吃飯。as引導時間狀語從句as表示“當.時；一邊.一邊”，強調主從句動作同時進行，從句的時間概念淡化，主要表示主句動作發生的背景或條件。 I saw a postman standing down

3、stairs as I opened the window. 我打開窗子時，看到一個郵遞員站在樓下。Youll know better and better about yourself as you grow older. 隨著年齡的增長，你就會越來越了解自己。until/till引導時間狀語從句until/till指的是某一延續性行為持續到某一時間點。主句謂語為非延續性動詞時用否定句式，主句謂語為延續性動詞時用肯定句式。Ill wait until/till the concert is over. 我會一直等到音樂會結束。Dont leave until/till I arrive. 我

4、不來你不要離開。since引導時間狀語從句since引導的從句常用一般過去時，表示自某一時間點以來，主句常用完成時態或完成進行時態，表示動作的延續和頻率。主句謂語可以用延續性動詞，也可用非延續性動詞，用非延續性動詞必須強調動作的頻率或多次、多個。Great changes have taken place since you left this city. 自從你離開以來，這座城市發生了很多變化。I have returned home twice since I settled down in the US. 自從定居美國以來，我回國兩次家。They have been living ver

5、y happily ever since they got married. 自結婚以來，他們過著幸福的生活。since引導的從句中，若謂語是延續性動詞，往往理解為該延續性動作的結束。He was written to me frequently since he was ill. 他自從病好以來，經常給我來信。Its been a year ever since I worked here. 我不在這里工作已經一年了。before引導時間狀語從句一般情況下，before表示“在.之前”，有時譯為“.之后才；沒來得及.就.”。The train had already left before

6、I arrived. 我到之前，火車已經開走了。All the birds flew away before I started to fire. 我還沒來得及開槍，所有的鳥就都飛走了。after引導時間狀語從句after意為“在.之后”，引導時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發生在從句的動作之后。After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about. 用完塑料袋之后，不準到處亂扔。He called me after he had finished his work. 工作完了之后他給我打了個電話。as soon as引導時間狀語從句as

7、 soon as表示“一.就.”。由as soon as引導的從句需用一般時態代替將來時態。As soon as he heard the news, he jumped for joy. 他一聽到這個消息，就高興地跳了起來。Ill go with you as soon as I finish my work. 我一完成工作就跟你走。特別提示！在時間狀語從句中，用一般現在時代替一般將來時，用一般過去時代替過去將來時。When I get there, Ill ring you yp. 我到那兒后，給你打電話。Melissa told me that as soon as she arrive

8、d, she would ring me up. 梅利莎告訴我，她一到就給我打電話。高頻考點！時間狀語從句時狀語從句中經常考查的內容。When will you return the book to me?Ill give it to you _ I finish it.before B.until C. as soon as D. unless地點狀語從句在句中作地點狀語的從句稱為地點狀語從句，位于主句前后均可。引導地點狀語常用的引導詞有where、wherever等。地點狀語從句相當于to/ in/ from the place(s) where.或to/ in/ from any pla

9、ce where.結構。We live where the road crosses the river. (=We live in the place where the road crosses the river.) 我們住在河流與街道交叉的地方。Make marks wherever you have questions. (= Make marks in any place where you have questions.) 在任何有問題的地方做標記。原因狀語從句 在從句中作原因狀語的從句稱為原因狀語從句。原因狀語從句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引導原因狀語從句的常用引導詞有beca

10、use、as、since等。because引導原因狀語從句because意為“因為”，表示造成某種情況的直接原因，語氣最強，常用來回答由why提問的問句。Why didn t you come to my birthday party? 你為什么沒來參加我的生日聚會？Because I was too busy. 因為我太忙了。He took off his coat because it was too hot in the room. 他脫去了外套，因為房間里太熱了。since引導原因狀語從句since往往表示眾所周知的原因，意為“既然；由于”。since從句通常位于主句之前，其語氣比be

11、cause弱，比as稍強。Since you come, wait for more time please. 既然你來了，請再多等一會兒吧。Since you wont help me, Ill ask someone else. 既然你不肯幫我，我就去問別人了。as引導原因狀語從句as表示原因時，語氣比because和since都弱，引導的從句位于主句前后均可。It is difficult to know what to do, as we are not his parents. 由于我們不是他的父母，我們很難知道該做什么。As you were out, I left a massa

12、ge for you. 由于你不在，我給你留了個口信。4）目的狀語從句在句中作目的狀語的從句稱為目的狀語從句。目的狀語從句可置于句首、句中或句尾。常用來引導目的狀語從句的引導詞有so that、in order that等。so that 往往只置于句尾，但也有置于句首的，in order that常用于正式文體，可置于句首，也可置于句尾。So that everyone will notice her, she dresses like an angel. 為了讓所有的人都注意到她，她穿得像一個天使。Speak louder so that the people in the hall ca

13、n all hear you. 說話大聲點，以便大廳里的人都能聽到你。I hurried through my work in order that I could be in time for wonderful TV programmes. 我匆匆完成我的工作，以便能及時看到精彩的電視節目。5）結果狀語從句so that引導結果狀語從句so that除了可以引導目的狀語從句（通常含有情態動詞），還可以引導結果狀語從句，that有時可省略。We arrived early in the morning, so that we caught the first time. 我們早上到得很早，所

14、以趕上了早班火車。We moved to the country, so that we were away from the noisy city. 我們搬到了鄉下，所以我們遠離了喧囂的城市。so.that.引導結果狀語從句so.that.的常用句型有四種，口語中that經常省略。so+形容詞+that.It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game. 外面太冷了，我們不得不停止比賽。so+副詞+that.He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life. 他開車太不小心，差點喪了命

15、。so+many/few/much/little+相應形式的名詞+that.He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare. 他工資很少，他的家人不得不靠救濟金生活。He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again. 他出了這么多錯，以致考試又沒及格。so+形容詞+a/an+可數名詞單數+that.It is so easy a question that I can work it out immediately. 這道題這么簡單，我馬上就能做出來

16、。such.that.引導結果狀語從句such.that.的常用句型有四種，口語中that常省略。such+a/an+形容詞+可數名詞單數+that.It was such a terrible day that none of us would find an excuse for going to play. 今天天氣太糟糕了，我們都找不到出去玩的理由。Miss Zhao is such a kind teacher that we all like her. 趙老師很和善，我們都喜歡她。such+形容詞+可數名詞復數+that.They are such good childern th

17、at we all love them. 這些孩子很好，我們都很喜歡他們。such+形容詞+不可數名詞+that.This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice. 這音樂太好了，值得聽兩遍。We had such bad weather that we couldnt go out. 天氣這么糟糕，我們不能出去。特別提示！為了強調形容詞、副詞或名詞，so/such.that.引導的結果狀語從句中，可把so/such.置于句首，主句用倒裝語序。So excited was he that he could not fal

18、l into sleep. 他激動得不能入睡。Such was his worry that he couldnt go on with his work. 他如此焦慮，以致不能繼續工作了。高頻考點！I know the city _ well that I dont need to use a map to get around.quite B. very C. so D. such6）條件狀語從句在句子中作條件狀語的從句稱為條件狀語從句。條件狀語從句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有時還可置于主語和謂語之間。引導條件狀語從句的常用引導詞為if (如果)、unless（除非）、as/so long

19、 as (只要)等。If I am free tomorrow, I will help you with your maths. 如果我明天有空，我就幫你學數學。Youll be late again unless you hurry. 除非你快點，不然你就又要遲到了。As/ So long as you promising to come, Ill wait for you until you come. 只要你答應來，我就等到你來。特別提示！在條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時代替一般將來時，一般過去時代替過去將來時。If the weather is terrible next week,

20、well put off the summer camp. 如果下周天氣不好，我們將會推遲夏令營活動。Father told me if I worked hard, he would buy me a special gift. 爸爸告訴我，如果我努力學習，他會給我買一件特別的禮物。7）讓步狀語從句在句子中作讓步狀語的從句稱為讓步狀語從句。讓步狀語從句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。though/although引導讓步狀語從句though比although通俗，兩者通?；Q使用。though/although引導讓步狀語從句時，主句中不可再用but，但可用yet。Though/Although

21、she works very hard, yet she makes very slow progress.盡管她工作很努力，但還是進步不快。even though/even if 引導讓步狀語從句這兩個短語表示語氣更強的讓步，常常譯為“即使，盡管”。Even though/ Even if the learning is slow and painful, the result is wonderful. 盡管學習的過程緩慢而痛苦，但結果是美好的。Even though/ Even if you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你這么說，我也不相信。wh-eve

22、r類詞引導讓步狀語從句wh-ever類的詞可作問句的疑問詞，也可引導名詞性從句，還可引導讓步狀語從句，常可換成“no matter+相對應的wh-詞”，在引導名詞性從句時只能用wh-ever。Whenever Im unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.(=No matter when Im unhappy, it is my friend who who cheers me up.)不管什么時候我不高興，總是我的朋友使我快樂起來。Ill wait for you, however late it is. (=Ill wait for you, n

23、o metter how late it is.)不管有多晚，我都會等著你。高頻考點！讓步狀語從句在單項選擇中經?？疾椋綍r運用要注意although、though不能用與but連用。Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own, _ he is only four years old. if B. though C. for D. since8）比較狀語從句在句子中作比較狀語的從句稱為比較狀語從句。比較狀語從句可表示差級比較和同級比較，一般位于句尾，常用as, than引導。There are as many people in our town as (there are) in your town. 我們鎮的人口和你們鎮的人口一樣多。He speaks English as well as you do. 他英語說得和你一樣好。His handwriting is not as/so good as yours (is). 他的書法不如你的好。He doesnt speak English as/so well as you do. 他英語說得不如你好。He w