1、SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGISTICSEDITED BY THOMAS BIWAY OF TRANSPORTBy seaBy airBy landCombination of aboveINTERNATIONAL TRADEA bill of lading (B/L) involvesShipped bill of ladingReceived-for-shipment bill of ladingUnclean bill of ladingClean bill of ladingStraight bill of ladingOrder bill of ladingNegotia

2、ble bill of ladingINTERNATIONAL TRADENon-negotiable bill of ladingThrough bill of ladingStale bill of ladingOn deck bill of ladingTransshipment bill of ladingBill of lading in ships bagWhen to choose by airWhen it is the only way availableWhen valuable goods are being shippedWhen delicate goods are

3、being shippedWhen goods are physically perishable, such as food, plants and animalsWhen urgent products are shipped, such as medicineWhen economic perishability may exist and market must be tapped quicklyWhen marketing implementation is criticalWhen very small shipments are less costly by air than b

4、y waterWhen total cost is cheaper by air than by seaINTERNATIONAL TRADE2000年版國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則的13種貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)C組(主要運(yùn)費(fèi)已付)賣(mài)方的共同義務(wù)：1，辦理運(yùn)輸?shù)氖掷m(xù)和承擔(dān)運(yùn)費(fèi)，在CIF和CIP術(shù)語(yǔ)中，賣(mài)方還須辦理投保手續(xù)和承擔(dān)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi);2，提交與貨物有關(guān)的單據(jù)或相等的電子單證;3，辦理出口手續(xù)。買(mǎi)方的共同義務(wù)：1，在CFR何CPT術(shù)語(yǔ)下辦理投保并支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi);2，辦理進(jìn)口手續(xù)。CFR貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Cost and Freight)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)，交貨地點(diǎn)：裝運(yùn)港船上。運(yùn)輸方式：海運(yùn)內(nèi)河。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移：裝運(yùn)港船舷。CIF貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(C

5、ost,Insurance and Freight)成本保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)，交貨地點(diǎn)：裝運(yùn)港船舷。運(yùn)輸方式：海運(yùn)內(nèi)河。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移：裝運(yùn)港船舷。CPT貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Carriage Paid To)運(yùn)費(fèi)付至，交貨地點(diǎn)：交承運(yùn)人。運(yùn)輸方式：各種運(yùn)輸。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移：交貨時(shí)。CIP貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Carriage and Insurance Paid to)運(yùn)費(fèi)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至，交貨地點(diǎn)：交承運(yùn)人。運(yùn)輸方式：各種運(yùn)輸。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移：交貨時(shí)。D組(到達(dá))賣(mài)方的共同義務(wù)：1，負(fù)責(zé)把貨物運(yùn)至約定的地點(diǎn)或目的地交貨;2，賣(mài)方必須承擔(dān)貨物運(yùn)至目的地前的全部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用;3，由賣(mài)方辦理出口手續(xù)，再DDP的情況下，還要辦理進(jìn)口手續(xù)。買(mǎi)方的共同義務(wù)：1

6、，承擔(dān)貨物在目的地交付后的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。2，除DDP術(shù)語(yǔ)外，買(mǎi)方應(yīng)辦理進(jìn)口手續(xù)。本組的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移全部是在：交貨時(shí)。DAF貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Delivered at Frontier)邊境交貨，交貨地點(diǎn)：邊境指定地點(diǎn)交貨。運(yùn)輸方式：路上運(yùn)輸。DES貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Delivered EX Ship)目的港船上交貨，交貨地點(diǎn)：目的港船上。運(yùn)輸方式：海運(yùn)內(nèi)河。DEQ貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Delivered EX Quay)目的港碼頭交貨，交貨地點(diǎn)：目的港碼頭。運(yùn)輸方式：海運(yùn)內(nèi)河。DDU貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Delivered Duty Upaid)未完稅交貨，交貨地點(diǎn)：制定目的地。運(yùn)輸方式：各種運(yùn)輸。DDP貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Delivered Du

7、ty Paid)完稅交貨，交貨地點(diǎn)：指定目的地。運(yùn)輸方式：各種運(yùn)輸。E組(發(fā)貨)EXW貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(EX works)工廠(chǎng)交貨，賣(mài)方義務(wù)：交貨義務(wù)，承擔(dān)交貨前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。買(mǎi)方義務(wù)：必須承擔(dān)在賣(mài)方所在地受領(lǐng)貨物的全部費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，辦理出口結(jié)關(guān)手續(xù)。交貨地點(diǎn)：賣(mài)方工廠(chǎng)。運(yùn)輸方式：各種運(yùn)輸。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移：交貨時(shí)。F組(主要運(yùn)費(fèi)未付)賣(mài)方共同義務(wù)：1，履行交貨義務(wù);2，辦理出口結(jié)關(guān)手續(xù);3，向買(mǎi)方提交與貨物有關(guān)的單證或相等的電子單證。買(mǎi)方共同義務(wù)：1，辦理貨物的運(yùn)輸和保險(xiǎn);2，辦理貨物進(jìn)口手續(xù)。FCA貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Free Carrier)貨交承運(yùn)人，交貨地點(diǎn)：交承運(yùn)人。運(yùn)輸方式：各種運(yùn)輸。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移：交貨時(shí)。FA

8、S貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Free Along Side)船邊交貨，交貨地點(diǎn)：裝運(yùn)港船邊。運(yùn)輸方式：海運(yùn)內(nèi)河。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移：交貨時(shí)。FOB貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(Free On Board)船上交貨，交貨地點(diǎn)：裝運(yùn)港船上。運(yùn)輸方式：海運(yùn)內(nèi)河。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移：裝運(yùn)港船舷INTERNATIONAL TRADE2010年版國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則中的兩類(lèi)11個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ) 第一類(lèi)：適用于任何運(yùn)輸方式CIP - Carriage and Insurance Paid 運(yùn)費(fèi)/保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至目的地CPT - Carriage Paid To 運(yùn)費(fèi)付至目的地DAP - Delivered At Place 目的地交貨DAT - Delivered At Ter

9、minal 目的地或目的港的集散站交貨DDP - Delivered Duty Paid 完稅后交貨EXW - Ex Works 工廠(chǎng)交貨FCA - Free Carrier 貨交承運(yùn)人第二類(lèi)：適用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸CFR - Cost and Freight 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)FAS - Free Alongside Ship 裝運(yùn)港船邊交貨FOB - Free On Board 裝運(yùn)港船上交貨INTERNATIONAL TRADEFinance of export involvesBill of exchange(匯

10、票）Collection arrangement（托收）Letter of credit(L/C)（信用證）INTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRADEKinds of letters of creditClean creditDocumentary creditRevocable creditIrrevocable creditConfirmed creditUnconfirmed creditSight creditUsance creditPayment creditDeferred payment L/CAccept

11、ance creditNegotiation creditRevolving creditTransferable creditNon-transferable creditRed clause creditBack-to-back creditReciprocal creditArbitration of international tradeUNCITRAL-United Nations Commission on International Trade Law聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易法委員會(huì)The ICC Court of Arbitration-International Chamber of

12、Commerce國(guó)際商會(huì)仲裁院The London Court of International ArbitrationThe International Center for the Settlement of Investment DisputesINTERNATIONAL TRADEDecisions of SCMStrategic-long time, company strategy, guide supply chain policies from a design perspectiveOperational-short time , day-to-day operationsE

13、ffort should be efficient and effectiveSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTMajor decision areas in SCMLocationProduction(products, which plants to produce, allocation of suppliers to plants, plants to DCs, DCs to customer markets.Inventory, buffer against uncertaintyTransportation(distribution)There are both str

14、ategic and operational elements in each of these decision areasSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTSCM and TechnologyTo take the customer as the centerTo emphasize the core business and competition of the business enterpriseThe double that helps to make wins the principle mutuallyTo turn excellent the informatio

15、nWireless and location technologies as well as FRID are most innovative technologies situated to transform the business of moving products around the globe.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTLogistics management is that part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effectiv

16、e forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of the consumption in order to meet customers requirementsLogistics ManagementFour features:Customer satisfaction as the most important goal.Focusing on the whole optimization

17、of the companyCentering on informationEmphasizing outcome as well as efficiencyLogistics ManagementModern logistics is the combination of the flow of product, information, funds and laborers. Logistics management includes three main aspectsThe management of logistics activities such as transport and

18、 storage.The management of elements in the logistics system; i.e. laborers, funds, matter and information.The management of concrete functions in logistics including planning, quality, technology and finance.Logistics ManagementThe management of Elements in the Logistics SystemLaborers. Laborers are

19、 the most important element in logistics managementFund. Funds act as the media of logistics serviceMatter. It refers to the objects that the logistics system works on, i.e. products and labor instruments and means such as logistics facilities, tools and expendable material.Information. Plan, foreca

20、st and dynamic intelligence compose the contents of information.Logistics ManagementWarehouse managementBasic components of a warehouseSpaceEquipmentpeopleWarehouse functionalityConsolidationBreak bulk and cross dockProcessing and postponementstockpilingWarehouse managementWMS directs the operations

21、 that feed components and raw materials to productionFunctional areaWMS characteristicsReceivingBasic receiving(Routines for processing unplanned inbound orders) -Conventional(operater/Lift truck)Advanced ship notice(ASNs) or Purchase order receiving -Conventional (Operator/lift truck) -Automatic (S

22、canners/Conveyors)Storage/ putaway (上架）Dedicated, random or hybrid storageSystem or operator location selectionCrossdockingPut confirmation via Radio TerminalFunctional areaWMS characteristicsInventory ManagementRoutine & Exception-Driven Cycle countingRules-based stock rotation (FIFO, LIFO)Order pr

23、ocessing/pickingOrder Grouping &release PrioritizationOrder, wave or batch pickingPick confirmation via Radio terminalShipping Order Consolidation & Staging(階段）Trailer Load Sequence ManagementShipping Check ListsManifests, Bills of LadingWarehouse managementAdvanced WMS supportQC Sampling & Movement

24、 to inspectionInventory Relocation/ConsolidationForward Pick Area ReplenishmentTask interleaving(交叉，交錯(cuò)）Shelf Life MonitoringLot and serial number tracking(追溯性）Automated material handling equipment interfaceInventory quarantine, allocation, releaseCarrier scheduling/yard management(停車(chē)場(chǎng)管理）Manifesting

25、/freight rating subsystemsCompliance labelingLabor standards performance monitoringOrder planning & schedulingKitting(備件上線(xiàn)，備貨） /Pick & PackOrder/shipment planning & schedulingWarehouse managementTrend in warehousing managementRFID-frequency identificationTransport management systemPick-to-light tech

26、nologyVoice-activated receiving and packaging3PL providers try to cut costs and management issues by outsourcing their warehouse and distribution functions.Warehouse managementTypes of inventory(stock) Everything you use to make your products, provide your services and to run your business is part o

27、f your inventory.Inventory controlItems Description remarksRaw materials and componentsReady to use in productionWork in processInventory of unfinished goodsFinished goods ready for saleconsumablesFor example, fuel and stationaryKeeping a little and no inventoryInventory controlAdvantages Disadvanta

28、ges Efficient and flexibleMeeting inventory needs can become complicated and expensiveLower inventory and storage costsYou might run out of inventory if there is a hitch(故障） in the systemYou can keep up-to-date and develop new products without wasting inventoryYou might dependent on the efficiency o

29、f your suppliersKeeping lots of inventory also has both advantages and disadvantagesInventory controlAdvantages Disadvantages Easy to manageHigher inventory, storage and insurance costsLow manage costsCertain goods might perishYou never run outInventory may become obsolete before it is usedBuffer th

30、e uncertaintyYour capital is tied upInventory levels depend on type of inventory.Inventory controlRaw materials and componentsWork in processFinished goods ready for saleComsumables How reliable is the supply?Demand is certainReliability of supplyAre the components produced or delivered in batchesGo

31、ods are produced in batchesExpectations of price risesCan you predict demand?You are completing a larger orderHow steady demand isIs the price steady?Discounts for buying in bulkAre there discounts if you buy in bulk?Inventory control methods-decide what, when and how much to orderMinimum inventory

32、level you identify a minimum inventory level, and re-order when inventory reaches that level. This is known as Re-order Level (ROL)Inventory review-you have regular reviews of inventory. At every review you place an order to return inventory to a predetermined levelJust in Time(JIT)-There is a risk

33、of running out of stock, and quality may have problem.Inventory controlRe-order lead timeEconomic Order Quantity(EOQ)Batch ControlFirst in, first outChecking inventory-rolling (cycle) stocktaking-annual and mid-year stocktakingIncrease inventory turns增加庫(kù)存周轉(zhuǎn)Stock Turnover庫(kù)存周轉(zhuǎn)TOR = turnover rate周轉(zhuǎn)率Inv

34、entory controlInventory and pricing data integrating with accounting and invoicing systemsAutomatic inventory monitoring, triggering orders when the re-order level is reachedAutomatic batch control if you produce goods in batchesIdentifying the cheapest and fastest suppliersBar-coding systems which

35、speed up processing and recording.Inventory controlInventory control systemMultiple prices for itemsPrices in different currenciesAutomatic updating, selecting groups of items to update, single-item updatingUsing more than one warehouseAbility to adapt to your changing needsQuality control and batch

36、 trackingIntegration with other packagesMultiple users at the same timeInventory controlSelecting a systemInventory control administrationDelivery and supplier notes for incoming goodsPurchase orders, receipts and credit notesReturn notesRequisitions and issue notes for outgoing goodsInventory can t

37、ie up a large slice of your business capital. So accurate information about inventory levels and values is essential for your company accounting.Inventory controlLarge, jet-powered airplanes require long run-way for takeoffs and landingsAWB-Air Waybill, non-negotiable The AWB is issued usually in a

38、set of twelve copies. Copies 1, 2 and 3 of AWB are originals and have the same validity. Copy 1-Original for Carrier Copy 2-Original for Consignee Copy 3-Original for ShipperCOD-cash on delivery 貨到付款I(lǐng)n air freight, the exporter (the consignor) often engages a freight forwarder or consolidator to han

39、dle the forwarding of goods.Air transportationTransshipment indicated in Air Waybill if the AWB indicates transshipment will or may take place, then the transshipment is allowed even if the L/C prohibits transshipment, provided that the entire carriage is covered by one and the same air waybill.Spli

40、t Shipment the split shipment means that portions of a shipment covered by one air waybill enter the country at different times. Air transportationTypes of Air WaybillMaster and House Air WaybillClean versus Foul Air Waybill Foul Air waybill-unclean air waybill, dirty air waybill or claused air wayb

41、ill is the opposite of the clean air waybill.COD-貨到付款 house air waybill(HAWB) 航空分提單Master air waybill(MAWB) 航空主提單General cargo rates(GCR) 普通貨物費(fèi)率Special cargo rates(SCR) 特殊貨物費(fèi)率Class rate(CR) 分類(lèi)費(fèi)率International Air Transport Association; IATA國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)Air transportationChargeable weight weight of some li

42、ght things depends on the volume. Volume/6000 or 5000(depends on the airline companies) = kg , forwarder will choose the heavier one to calculate the freight.Minimum charge for any consignment no charge less than this minimum charge shall be paid to the carrier. Theoretically speaking, it represents the level below which it would be uneconomical to transport a consignment, taking into account the fixed costs involved in