1、Part TwoBackground InformationENTERBTLEW Author Birds Eye View Tribalism World Population GlobalizationBackground InformationContentsNorman Cousins (19151990)Careers: writer editor citizen diplomat promoter of holistic healing unflagging optimistLifelong Concerns: war and peace world governance just

2、ice human freedom the human impact on the environment health and wholenessAuthor To be continued on the next page.Author To be continued on the next page.Belief in world governance: He believed that enduring world peace could only be achieved through effective world governance. Belief in world feder

3、alism: He argued for a world no longer based on the supremacy of nationalism and other superficial differences. Contribution to peace and human well-being: He arranged for medical treatment in USA for 24 young Japanese women who came to be known as the “Hiroshima Maidens”; helped support the medical

4、 care of 400 Japanese children orphaned by the atomic bomb; with his wife, legally adopted one of the Maidens; helped create a program for the “35 Polish women who had been victims of Nazi medical experiments during the war”. Author To be continued on the next page.Summary of his life: In June 1983

5、Cousins told the graduating class of Harvard Medical School that the conquest of war and the pursuit of social justice. must become our grand preoccupation and magnificent obsession. These certainly were the concerns that obsessed him throughout his life, and over the years he battled through his wr

6、itings and actions to make them matters of more general concern. Driven by the shock and portent of Hiroshima, he worked to combat unchecked nationalism, promote federalism, and build a sense of world citizenship, in the belief that people as a whole might yet construct a new world order of peace an

7、d justice. His optimism, intellectual curiosity, and commitment to the preservation of human life were equally unquenchable.Quotations Author The end of Author. Inevitably, an individual is measured by his or her largest concerns.Life is an adventure in forgiveness.A library, to modify the famous me

8、taphor of Socrates, should be the delivery room for the birth of ideasa place where history comes to life. If something comes to life in others because of you, then you have made an approach to immortality.Just as there is no loss of basic energy in the universe, so no thought or action is without i

9、ts effects, present or ultimate, seen or unseen, felt or unfelt.Wisdom consists of the anticipation of consequences. Discuss in groups!Birds eye view: a situation or topic as if viewed from an altitude or distance Birds Eye ViewGet a birds eye view, Mauis spectacular sights The end of Birds Eye View

10、. Originally, tribalism refers to behavior and attitudes that are based on strong loyalty to tribe. Scholars believe that modern regionalism, racism, and nationalism are merely more refined forms of primitive tribalism.Tribalism The end of Tribalism. The end of World Population. World PopulationPopu

11、lation 2006-03-06(/)1. China1,311,461,7622. India1,090,540,2183. USA297,582,7564. Indonesia244,357,8195. Brazil187,453,214World6,496,061,544In his book The Lexus and the Olive Tree, Thomas Friedman wrote: “Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend. Today it is an overarchi

12、ng international system shaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country, and we need to understand it as such.”As thoughtful people concerned about world affairs, our job is to pick up “globalization”, examine it from all sides, dissect it, figure out what makes it tic

13、k, and then nurture and promote the good parts and mitigate or slow down the bad parts. Globalization is much like fire. Fire itself is neither good nor bad. Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, towns and forest

14、s in an instant. As Friedman says: Globalization To be continued on the next page.Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and

15、 it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider. Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bring tremendous opportunities and benefits. Just as capitalism requires a ne

16、twork of governing systems to keep it from devouring societies, globalization requires vigilance and the rule of law. Globalization To be continued on the next page.Anti-trust laws, the Securities and Exchange Commission, labor unions, charities, the Federal Trade Commission, and countless other age

17、ncies and organizations keep American capitalism in check. Similar transparent mechanisms are needed to make sure globalization is a positive force in the world. Globalization will always have cheerleaders who are blind to the destruction globalization can cause. And it will always have strident opponents blind to the way globalization gives some people their first opportunity to fulfill basic aspirations. As with most issues, the majority of people will be in the middle. They will see globalizati