1、 by Charles Krauthammer But is not grouping women with children a raginganachronism? Should not any self-respecting modernperson, let alone feminist, object to it as insulting towomen?“As many as 200 civilians, most of themwomen and children, were killed .”“At the massacre in Ahmici 103 Muslims, inc

2、luding 33 women and children,were killed .” Evolutionary psychologists might say thatladies-to-the-lifeboats is an instinct that developed toperpetuate the species: Women are indispensableBut kiddie-centrism gets you only so far.What if there are no children on board? Youare on the Titanic I,IaInd t

3、his time its asingles cruise. No kids, no parents. Now:Iceberg! Lifeboats! Action! first. And the women, out of sheer feminist self-respect, should refuse.Result? Stalemate. How does this movie end? How should it end? Hurry, theships going down.泰坦尼克號之謎一位真正的女權主義者應該接受上救生船的優先權嗎？查爾斯 克勞瑟莫你在泰坦尼克 II 號輪上。它剛

4、撞上一座冰山，正在下沉。像上一次一樣，沒有足夠的救生船。船長喊道：“婦女和孩子們先上！”但這一次，人們聽到了另一個聲音：“為什么婦女先上？”的確，為什么？大獲成功的電影泰坦尼克號的部分魅力在于那個時代的服裝，那個時代的奢華，和那個時代的偏見。時隔多年，觀眾能夠欣賞這些東西。然而，奇怪的是，電影中的所有那個時代的觀念中，“婦女和兒童優先”這一古老的海事傳統卻被現代觀眾全盤接受了。聽一聽觀眾對那些試圖同女士們一起-或搶在她們前面-偷偷溜上救生船的壞家伙發出的噓聲就知道了。但是將婦女和兒童歸為一類難道不是一種與時代極不相稱的行為嗎？難道任何一個自尊的現代人-更不用說女權主義者-不該視其為對女性的侮辱

5、而加以反對嗎？然而如今這種做法仍像 1912 年時一樣普遍。看看這些幾乎是隨意從最近的報紙上摘選的例子吧：“入侵者槍殺了印第安人，其中大多數為婦女和兒童”“200 名平民被殺，其中大多數為婦女和兒童”“在阿米奇的大屠殺中，103 名穆斯林被殺，其中包括 33 名婦女和兒童”在一個婦女駕駛戰斗機、經營跨國公司的時代，這種將成年婦女與兒童歸為一類的慣常做法，怎能不讓人皺眉蹙額呢？在阿米奇好像也有 70 名成年男子被殺。那么有多少名成年婦女被殺呢？不清楚。在事態嚴重時，在鮮血開始流淌或者輪船開始沉沒時，你就會發現她們是和孩子們算在一起的。孩子們之所以有權享受特殊照顧有兩個理由：無助和無辜。他們還不具

6、備推理的能力或來自經驗的智慧。所以，他們不能自衛（不能照料自己），無可指責（不可能真正犯罪）。這就是我們給予他們特殊保護的原因。在緊急情況下，我們有責任先救他們，因為他們軟弱無助，已將生命交付于我們手中。在戰時，他們應該受到特殊豁免權的保護，因為他們不可能會威脅或冒犯任何人。 “婦女和兒童”這句話將我們在五歲的孩子們身上看到的依賴性和道德上的單純也賦予了婦女。這樣一種態度在男性特權占統治地位的時代也許還講得通。考慮到 1912 年時婦女被視為軟弱無能的情況，在安排救生船的座位時，確實不宜突然宣布一種性別平等的新標準。這種禮讓-同在公共汽車上給女士讓座一樣，只不過更有點緊迫-對當時加在婦女身上的

7、法律和社交限制是一種補充，或許在一定程度上是一種補償。但我們正在進行廣泛的社會重組，在教育、就業、政府、管理、體育運動中給婦女以平等地位，在這樣一個時代，是什么使婦女享有兒童的特權，并將她們貶至兒童的地位呢？進化心理學家們也許會說女士上救生船是一種為繁衍物種而形成的本能：婦女是必不可少的生兒育女者。如果全部婦女和只有為數不多的男子幸存下來，一個村莊可以重新人丁興旺，但如果全部男子和只有為數不多的婦女幸存下來，情況則不然。因為從生物學的角度來講婦女比男子更為珍貴，所以進化論的影響使我們把給予未來的另一顆種子-兒童的那份保護生命的禮讓給予了她們。然而，這種邏輯的問題在于它那種對婦女的簡單貶低令人沮

8、喪。這完全像遺傳學家的那個老笑話-蛋要生蛋只有變成雞-的一種翻版。但人類絕不僅僅是下蛋的雞。傳統的禮讓絕不只是偽裝掩蓋下的生存策略。那我們為什么說“婦女和兒童”呢？也許事實上是“婦女為了兒童”。最基本的親情紐帶來自于母親。父母同等的養育固然偉大，但是婦女，從哺乳、撫育到安撫的擁抱，能夠以男性做不到的方式養育子女。就這樣，因為我們珍視孩子，所以婦女就該位居其后。孩子們需要她們。但是兒童中心論只能解釋到這一步為止。如果船上沒有孩子又會怎樣呢？你現在是在泰坦尼克 III 號輪上，這次是一群未婚者的航游。沒有孩子，沒有父母。瞧！撞上了冰山！快上救生船！馬上行動！我的鏡頭設計是這樣的：男士們出于完全非理

9、性的英雄主義，應讓女士們優先上船。而女士們出于純粹女權主義者的自尊，應予以拒絕。結果呢？僵局。這部電影怎么結局呢？它應該怎么結局呢？快，輪船正在下沉。Unit 2What does the word feminist mean to you? A man-hating female who getsoffended at common courtesy? Someone who insists that women can and should do everything mendo? A person who seesabilities as different fromText B Unj

10、ust Desserts asks me to, Ill split the bill with him, but Im afraid that signals something tome: the fact that hes tight-fisted.”Women my age have double standards where money is concerned. We wantequal treatment and equal opportunities, but we have a deep-rooted, illogicaland romantic desire to be

11、taken care of emotionally and financially. We hide thisfeeling because we know its old-fashioned and sexist, but it exists nonetheless,even among women who are highly successful earners.During my university days, I started getting tired of political correctness. Ihated splitting the bill for two pie

12、ces of takeaway pizza, and secretly longed forsome man to whisk me away to restaurant. So I was thrilled when I was askedout to dinner by one of the heirs to the Rockefeller fortune. This was my dreamcome true. I wouldnt have to worry about what I ordered, or who paid. He wasa nice man in his late t

13、wenties; a nice man with millions in the bank. When hetold me that hed booked an expensive French restaurant, all I could think of fordays was how romantic the evening would be.Shortly after we sat down, he began talking about how many people tookadvantage of his wealth. “Everyone just assumes Ill p

14、ay for everything,” hefrowned. I frowned along with him. I knew Id have to offer to split the bill. Atthe time, I had a low-paid job in a book-shop. If he accepted my offer, Icalculated that Id effectively lose two weeks salary. By the time the bill arrived,I had heard so many stories of how difficu

15、lt it was to be rich, that I wildlyoffered to pay for the entire meal. I was sure he would politely refuse and pullout his credit card. He very politely accepted and, to my horror, handed me thebill.My 14-year-old daughter is regarded by her brothers as a juniorfeminist. But when I asked her recentl

16、y if she would expect a boyfriend to payfor dinner out, she replied, “Absolutely, thats his job.” Sorry, men, but shesright. That is your job - at least on the first date.不公平的甜點辛迪 布萊克我第一次約會外出吃飯是在我 17 歲的時候。那個請我的 18 歲男孩帶我去了一家高級餐館，飯后，他很瀟灑地付了賬。我很興奮。他看上去也心滿意足。當時我壓根兒沒想到要提出支付一部分餐費。那時候，生活是簡單的，美妙的。付錢的都是男人們。

17、Unit 2What does the word feminist mean to you? A man-hating female who getsoffended at commoncourtesy? Someone whoinsists that women canand should do everythingmen do? A person whoand abilities as different rights. Text A challenges us to examine our priorities and attitudes moreclosely, while Texts

18、 B and C contemplate some of the complications of puttingour visions of equal rights into practice in everyday life.Text C Will You Go Out With Me?Laura UllmanI know that dating has changed dramatically in the past few years, and formany women, asking men out is not at all daring . But I was raised

19、in atraditional European household where the notion of my asking a man out on adate is considered wildly naughty . Growing up, I learned that men call, ask andpay for the date. But during my three years here at Berkeley, Ive learnedotherwise.Berkeley women have brightened their social lives by takin

20、g the initiativewith men. My girlfriends insist that its essential for women to participateactively in the dating process. “I cant sit around and wait anymore,” myroommate once blurted out (脫口而出). “Hard as it is, I have to ask guys out -if I want to date at all !” This is great: More women are havin

21、g more fun byinviting men out, and men say theyre delighted and relieved that dating nolonger depends only on their willingness to take the first step. So why am Idigging my nails into my hand trying to muster up (鼓起) courage to ask youout?I keep telling myself to relax. Dating is more casual today.

22、 A college date canbe as harmless as studying together. Its easier, cheaper and more comfortablefor everyone that way. Students have fewer anxiety attacks when they asksomebody to play tennis than when they plan a formal dinner date. They enjoylast-minute “Lets make dinner together” dates because th

23、ey not only avoidproblems over what to wear and how to act, but also dont have time to agonize(痛苦).Casual dating also encourages people to form healthy friendships before theyget involved in serious relationships. My roommate and her boyfriend werefriends for four months before their chemistries cli

24、cked . They went to movies,got together with mutual friends and took turns paying for their dinners out.“It was like going out with a girlfriend,” my roommate once laughed, blushing.This sort of friendship lets men and women relax and get to know each othermore easily.But if we do go out for a meal,

25、 who pays? This is still confusing everyone. Youarent sure whether Ill get the wrong idea if you treat me for dinner, and Imnot sure I wont offend you if I insist on paying for myself. John whipped out his wallet（錢包） on our first date before I could suggest we go Dutch. During ourafter-dinner stroll

26、 he told me he was interested in dating me on a steady basis .After I explained I was more interested in a friendship, he wanted to know whyId let him pay for my dinner. “Ive practically given up treating women ondates,” he complained. “When you let me pay, I thought it meant somethingspecial!”Larry

27、, on the other hand, was hurt when I offered to pay for my meal on ourfirst date. When I took out my wallet and asked how much I owed him, he lookedat me as if I had addressed him in a foreign language. Larry muttered, “Uh,well, you really dont owe me anything, but if you insist . nsist, I thought,

28、I onlyoffered! To Larry, my gesture was a sign of rejection.But theres no time now to worry about John and Larry - here youcome! Now remember: I believe in equality. I believe in women taking theinitiative. It improves my social life, its more fair and more fun for everyone.Dates are no big deal - t

29、his is modern American-style casual dating, and itseasy, and it works . No magic formula guarantees youll say yes - I just haveto relax, be myself and ask you out in a relaxed, unthreatening manner . If myfriends are right, youll be flattered (感到榮幸).Sliding into your desk, you tap my shoulder and sa

30、y, “Hi, Laura, whatsup?”“Good morning,” I answer with nervous chills (寒戰). “Hey, howwould you like to have lunch after class on Friday?”“Id love to,” you say.It works “We have a date,” I smile.你愿意和我一起出去嗎？勞拉 厄爾曼我知道在過去幾年里男女約會已發生了巨大的變化，對許多女士來說，請男士出去已不再是什么膽大妄為之舉。但我是在一個傳統的歐洲家庭中長大的，在那兒，我想要約一位男士外出的念頭會被認為是極不規矩的。我在成長的過程中得知，約會時總是男人打電話，提出邀請并掏錢包。但在伯克利這兒的三年中，我了解到的卻是另一回事。伯克利的女士們通過與男士們主動交往而活躍了他們的社交生活。我的女友們堅持認為，女士積極參與約會過程是至關重要的。“我再也不能坐在那 兒干等了，”有一次，我的室友脫口而出。“雖然難以開口，但我還是得請男人們出去-如果我真想約會的