1、時態(tài)小結(jié)一般現(xiàn)在時 1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。 2.主句是一般將來時,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如： I will go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there. 3.在以here, there開頭的句子里，go, come等少數(shù)動詞的一般在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

2、 1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。 2.表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。 3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時，描繪更加生動。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。 4.大多數(shù)動詞可用于進(jìn)行時，

3、但也有些動詞不用于進(jìn)行時。常見的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to ,know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,believe, trust, want, wish, refuse, like, hate, dislike, prefer, mind, hope等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時 1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時已完成的動作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room. 2.表示從過去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或

4、狀態(tài)，往往和“for”, “since”表述的一段時間狀語連用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college. 3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別： 1）用兩種時態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動作，現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過去動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過去時只表達(dá)過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room. It is very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因為cleaned與

5、現(xiàn)狀無關(guān)，二是因為一般過去時不可突然跳到It is這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時。) 2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá)，如：I have seen that film.（我看過那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過去時間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時而必須用一般過去進(jìn)來表達(dá)。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：When have you seen that film? I have seen it yesterday. 4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has b

6、een to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai.She has been there. 5.短暫動詞（即瞬間動詞），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成時態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如不能說：He

7、has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through (with) the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 1.用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動作。例如：He has been doing the

8、maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days. 2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的動詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時。五、一般過去時 表達(dá)特定的過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為。六、過去進(jìn)行時 1.表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 2.表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時進(jìn)行。例如：They were still working when I le

9、ft. 3.用在兩個過去進(jìn)行時動作同時發(fā)生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示過去將來動作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時 1.表示在過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning. 2.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the

10、age of ten, he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時 一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do （側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計劃安排去做某事） 2.be going to do (主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生) 3.be doing (按計劃將要發(fā)生，常