1、商務合同翻譯 商務合同與協議翻譯商務合同與協議的詞匯特征商務合同與協議的文體特征商務合同與協議的翻譯商務合同翻譯商務合同Contract: an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations.合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設立、變更、終止民事權利義務關系的

2、協議。商務合同翻譯商務合同的構成國際通用的英文商務合同內容大致可以分為三個部分： 一、 約首(the head): 包括合同標題和前言。前言中包括 1） 訂約時間 date of signing 2) 訂約地點 place of signing 3) 合同當事人 signing parties 4) 當事人合法依據 each partys authority 5) 定約緣由 Recitals of “whereas” Clause商務合同翻譯商務合同的構成國際通用的英文商務合同內容大致可以分為三個部分： 二、 本文(the body): 1) 一般條款 general terms and co

3、nditions 2) 特殊條款三、約尾（the tail): 合同份數、使用的文字及其效力、合同附件的效力、簽名、蓋章條款等。商務合同翻譯商務合同及協議的詞匯特征1 使用古體詞e.g. 1) This agreement shall begin on the date hereof and shall continue for 5 years thereafter.2) In the event of the death of any partner, this partnership shall not be thereby dissolved.3) For any business tr

4、ansacted between governments of both Parties, Party A may handle such direct dealings as authorized by Party As government without binding himself to this Agreement. Party B shall not interfere in such direct dealings nor shall Party B bring forward any demand for compensation wherefrom.商務合同翻譯afores

5、aidaforementionedforthwithhereafterherebyhereinhereon 前述的 上述的 隨即 之后 據此 本文件中 于是；關于這個 商務合同翻譯hereofthereintheretothereinaftertheretoforethereuntothereupon 于此 在其中 到那里 以下；在下文 直到那時 在那里 就該事 商務合同翻譯therewiththereonhereunderherewithheretoforehereinbeforehereinafterthereabout 與此 關于 在下文 隨附 迄今為止 此前 大約商務合同翻譯there

6、afterthereatwhereaswhereonwherebywhereinhithertowhereasin witness whereof 此后，據此 因此 鑒于 關于那；在其上 由是；憑那個 在其中 迄今鑒于以茲為證商務合同翻譯合同中還會出現一些少見的詞匯 e.g. The total Contract price to be paid by Party A pursuant to the Content and Scope of the Contract as stipulated in Section 2 of the Contract is _. 按本合同第二章規定的合同內容和

7、范圍，甲方向乙方支付的合同總價為_。 pursuant to: according to商務合同翻譯商務合同及協議的詞匯特征2 使用外來詞 pro rate tax rate 比例稅率 in lieu of 代替 force majeure 不可抗力 agent ad litem 委托代理人 insurance premium per capita 人均保險費商務合同翻譯商務合同及協議的詞匯特征3 選詞正式 因為財務年度末在之前關于開始停止做事實上認為愿意做 by virtue of at the close of the fiscal year prior to as regards/con

8、cerning/relating to commencement cease to do in effect deem intend/desire to do商務合同翻譯商務合同及協議的詞匯特征3 選詞正式 賠償出租終止違約理解合同其他事項何時開會并由某某主持 indemnities lease terminate breach construe/comprehend a contract miscellaneous the meeting shall be convened and presided by sb.商務合同翻譯商務合同及協議的詞匯特征3 選詞正式 e.g. Any event

9、or circumstance beyond the control of the Parties shall be deemed an event of Force Majeure and shall include, but not be restricted to, fire, storm, flood, earthquake, explosion, war, rebellion, insurrection, epidemic and quarantine restriction. 雙方如遇有無法控制的事件或情況應視為不可抗力事件，但不限于火災、風災、水災、地震、爆炸、戰爭、叛亂、暴動、

10、傳染病及瘟疫。 商務合同翻譯商務合同及協議的詞匯特征4 多用術語e.g. In processing transactions, the manufactures never have title either to the materials or the finished products.在加工貿易中，生產方對原材料和產成品都沒有所有權。The lead Partner submits a copy of the short term cash flow which covers the period September 2005 to February 2006. Mr. Smith

11、highlights the main items of the cash flow which are the Endowment fund the Advance Payment as far as the Receipt is concerned and the down payment for TBMs and plants, purchase of fixed assets and the advance payment to subcontractors for the Expenditures. 責任方遞交了一份從2005年9月到2006年2月間的短期現金流量表。史密斯先生強調指

12、出：主要的現金流就收入款項而言有集資款和預付款，就支出款項而言有TBM(隧洞掘進機）設備定金、固定資產購置費和分包商預付款。商務合同翻譯商務合同及協議的詞匯特征4 多用術語Ex Works (named place) 工廠交貨（指定地點）FCA: Free Carrier (named place) 貨交承運人（指定地點）FAS: Free Alongside Ship(named port of shipment)船邊交貨（指定裝運港）FOB: Free On Board(named port of shipment) 船上交貨（指定裝運港）CFR: Cost& Freight (named

13、 port of destination)成本加運費（指定目的港）CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination) 成本，保險加運費（指定目的港）商務合同翻譯商務合同及協議的詞匯特征4 多用術語CPT: Carriage Paid To (named place of destination) 運費付至（指定目的港）CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid To (named place of destination) 運費保險費付至（指定目的港）DAF: Delivered at Frontier

14、 (named place) 邊境交貨（指定地點）DES: Delivered ex Ship(named port of destination) 船上交貨（指定目的港）DEQ: Delivered ex Quay (named place of destination)碼頭交易（指定目的地）DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid (named place of destination) 未完稅交貨（指定目的地）DDP: Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination) 完稅后交貨（指定目的地）商務合同翻譯商務合同及協議的詞匯特征

15、 5 多用并列結構e.g. This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.本協議由甲方和乙方共同制定。This agreement and any rights or obligations hereunder are not transferable or assignable by one party to this Agreement without the consent of the other party hereto.本協議以及本協議所規定的權利或義務，未經另一方同意不得擅自轉

16、讓。The buyer is responsible for the following costs and charges in the sale and transport of goods.買方承擔貨物運輸和銷售中的成本和費用。商務合同翻譯商務合同及協議的詞匯特征 6 May, shall, must, may not (或shall not) 的使用 may 旨在約定當事人的權利（可以做什么）shall約定當事人的義務（應當做什么時候） must 用于強制性義務（必須做什么） may not (或shall not)用于禁止性義務（不得做什么）may do 不能說成can do，sha

17、ll do，不能說成should do 或ought to domay not do 在美國一些法律文件可以用shall not，但絕不能用can not do或must not。商務合同翻譯Case StudyThe parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred t

18、o the Peoples Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs. 雙方首先應通過友好協商，解決因合同而發生的或與合同有關的爭議。如果協商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭議發生后未就仲裁達成協議的，可將爭議提交有管轄權的人民法院解決。 商務合同翻譯Practice下述簽

19、署人同意在中國制造新產品。合同生效后，當事人就質量、價格或者報酬、履行地點等內容沒有約定或者約定不明確的，可以協議補充。買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買出售下列產品并簽訂合同。商務合同翻譯The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products are to be made in China.If, after the contract made by and between the parties becomes effective, there is no agreement regarding quality, price, or remunera

20、tion and place of performance, etc.or such agreement is unclear, the parties may, through consultation, agree upon supplementary terms and provisions.This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Sellers agrees to sell the undermentioned commo

21、dity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.商務合同翻譯PracticeThis letter of intent is confidential and shall not be disclosed to anyone other than the parties and their employees, attorneys and accountants and the possible lenders of the Possible Buyer. The terms of the transaction being

22、discussed are attached hereto, but the terms (and the possible sale itself) are not binding unless and until they are set forth in a written contract signed by the Possible Seller and the Possible Buyer.商務合同翻譯本意向書為保密文件。除了本意向書雙方及其雇員、律師、會計師和可能買方的可能貸款方之外，任何一方不得向任何其他第三方透露。隨附本次協商交易條款，但除非且直到可能的買賣雙方簽署書面協議，

23、這些條款（及可能銷售本身）將不具有約束力。商務合同翻譯商務合同與協議的文本特征1 多用陳述句和現在時陳述句： 闡述、解釋、說明、規定和判斷，語言顯得比較客觀、平實。現在時：在合同所涉及的內容中，將來的事情遠遠多于現在，但是對此類事物的講述一律用現在時，而不用將來時。商務合同翻譯商務合同與協議的文本特征2 多用條件句In case a third party brings a charge of infringement, licensor shall be responsible for dealing with the third party and bear full legal and

24、financial responsibilities which may arise.若第三方起訴侵權，出讓方應負責處理第三方事物，并承擔全部相應的法律和財政責任。商務合同翻譯商務合同與協議的文本特征2 多用條件句Should the effect of Force Majeure continue more than one hundred consecutive days both parties shall settle the further execution of the Contract through friendly negotiations as soon as possi

25、ble.如不可抗力事故延續到一百天以上時，雙方應通過友好協商盡快解決繼續執行合同的問題。商務合同翻譯商務合同與協議的文本特征2 多用條件句Where there come up special requirements or questions in relation to local circumstances, the Chinese Party may take them into consideration in preparing the design. 若遇有特殊要求及涉及地域性問題，中方可在設計中加以考慮。Title will be transferred to the buye

26、r while goods are delivered to New York port, provided that the buyer has paid.如果買方已向賣方付款，在貨物到達紐約港時所有權轉至買方。商務合同翻譯商務合同與協議的文本特征3 多用被動語態 Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to the competent court in the Peoples Republic of China.因本合同產生的或與本合同有關的任何爭議，都應交由中華人民

27、共和國有管轄權的法院管轄。It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to the causes for which the Insurance Company, Shipping Company, other transportation organizations and Post Office are liable.賣方對于由保險公司、船舶公司和其他轉運單位或郵政部門造成的損失不承擔責任。商務合同翻譯商務合同與協議的文本特征3 多用長句

28、In the event of a Subcontractor having undertaken towards the Contractor in respect of the work executed; or the goods, materials, Plant or services supplied by such Subcontractor, any continuing obligation for a period exceeding that of the Defects Liability Period under the Contract, the Contracto

29、r shall at any time, after the expiration of such period, as sign to the Employer, at the Employers request and cost, the benefit of such obligation for the unexpired duration thereof.商務合同翻譯當分包商在所進行的工作，或其提供的貨物、材料、工程設備或服務等方面，為承包商承擔了合同規定的缺陷責任期限結束后的任何延長期間須繼續承擔的任何連續義務時，承包商在根據雇主的要求和由雇主承擔費用的情況下，在缺陷責任期滿之后的

30、任何時間，將上述未終止的此類義務的權益轉讓給雇主。商務合同翻譯Case StudyParty A further unconditionally and irrevocably agrees to indemnify Party B against all actions, proceedings, claims, demands, losses, liabilities, damages, costs, charges and expenses of whatever nature which may result or which Party B may incur or sustain

31、directly or indirectly arising from or in connection with the Guarantee and to repay to Party B immediately all amount paid by Party B in connection with said Guarantee, together with all costs of collection, including reasonable attorneys fees if permitted by law, which may be incurred by way of le

32、gal proceedings or otherwise.商務合同翻譯甲方進一步無條件和不可撤消地同意就任何性質的直接或間接因有關保證引起或與有關保證相關而可能導致或乙方可能招致或蒙受的一切訴訟、法律程序、索賠、要求、損失、法律責任、損害賠償、成本、收費和支出向乙方作出賠償，并連同所有收款費用，包括法律程序或其他方式可能發生并為法律所容許的合理的律師代理費，立即向乙方償還乙方就上述有關保證支付的所有款額。商務合同翻譯商務合同與協議的文本特征5 條目化和程式化A) subject to/without prejudice toe.g. The determination of quality o

33、f Rock Phosphate is subject to the results of analysis of the representative samples drawn from the actually landed cargo, conducted by the China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau after arrival of the goods at destination.磷酸巖質量的確定，以代表性樣品的化驗結果為準。代表性樣品在貨物達到目的地后自實際到貨中抽取，抽樣及化驗均由中國出入境檢驗檢疫局辦理。商務

34、合同翻譯商務合同與協議的文本特征5 條目化和程式化A) subject to/without prejudice toe.g. Subject to this section, an appeal shall be brought in such manner and shall be subject to such conditions as are predicted by rules made under subsection.在符合本條的規定下，上訴須按根據款訂立的規則內訂明的方式提出，并須受該規則所訂明的條件規限。商務合同翻譯Without prejudice to your pow

35、ers and discretions, we hereby authorize you or your agents to take any actions including but not limited to the following.不使貴行權利和任意決定受到損害，本公司茲授權貴行或貴行代理，采取包括但不限于以下的任何行動。商務合同翻譯商務合同與協議的文本特征 5 條目化和程式化B) otherwise e.g. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, the supplied goods shall be packed by sta

36、ndard protective measures.除非合同另有規定，賣方所提供的全部貨物，均應按標準的保護措施進行包裝。No claim shall be recoverable hereunder if the benefit of the contract herein contained shall become vested in any other person or persons at law or in equity otherwise than by will or operation of law, unless the written consent of the in

37、surer thereto shall have first been obtained.如果本單所包含的合約利益，不用遺囑或不運用法律的方式歸于正在打官司的其他任何人，就不可取得所索的賠償，除非首先得到承保人對此的書面同意。商務合同翻譯商務合同與協議的文本特征 5 條目化和程式化C) for the purpose of e.g. For the purpose of this Agreement, each of the following terms shall have the following meaning respectively.就本協議目的而言，下列各用語分別具有下述意義。

38、For the purposes of subsection (3) permission shall be in writing and 就第（3）款而言，許可須為書面形式而且商務合同翻譯商務合同與協議的翻譯1 謹慎選用極易混淆的詞語 英譯商務合同時，常常由于選同不當而導致詞不達意或者意思模棱兩可，有時甚至表達的是完全不同的含義。如下列詞語： Ashipping advice 與 shipping instructions Babide by 與 comply with C. change A to B 與 change A into B D. ex 與 per E. in 與 after

39、F. on/upon 與 after G. by 與 before 商務合同翻譯A shipping advice 與shipping instructionsshipping advice: 裝運通知，是由出口商發給進口商的。shipping instructions: 裝運須知，是進口商發給出口商的。vendor& vendee: 賣主& 買主consignor& consignee: 發貨人&收貨人商務合同翻譯B abide by與comply withabide by: 遵守，主語須是“人”comply with: 遵守，主語是非人稱。e.g. Both parties shall a

40、bide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.雙方都應遵守/雙方的一切活動都應遵守合同規定。商務合同翻譯C change A to B與change A into Bchange A to B: 把A改為Bchange A into B: 把A折合成/兌換成Be.g. Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into RMB.交貨期改為8

41、月并將美元折合成人民幣。商務合同翻譯D ex與perex: 由某輪船“運來”的貨物per: 由某輪船“運走”的貨物by: 由某輪船“承運”e.g. The last batch per/ex/by S.S. “Victoria” will arrive in London on October 1st.由“維多利亞”輪運走/運來/承運的最后一批貨將于10月1日抵達倫敦。商務合同翻譯E in與afterin: “多少天之后”的確切的一天after:“多少天之后”的不確切的任何的一天e.g. The goods shall be shipped per M.V. “Dong Feng” on No

42、vember 10 and are due to arrive at Rotterdam in 41 days.該貨于11月10日由“東風”輪運出，41天后抵達鹿特丹港。商務合同翻譯F on/upon與afteron/upon: 到后，就after: “之后”的時間不明確e.g. The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival.發票貨值必須貨到付給。商務合同翻譯G by與beforeby: 在翻譯終止時間時，比如在“某月某日之前”，如果包括所寫日期，就用by.before: 如果不包括所寫日期，即指到所寫日期的前一天為止，就用before.e.g

43、. The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15（before June 16)賣方須在6月15日前將貨交給買方。商務合同翻譯2 慎重處理合同的關鍵細目 A. 限定責任 a. and/or e.g. 如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其他貨物造成任何損害，托運人應負全責。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and /or cargo on board.商務合同翻譯b. by and between e.g.

44、買賣雙方同意按照下述條款購買、出售下列商品并簽訂本合同。This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell under mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.商務合同翻譯2 慎重處理合同的關鍵細目 B. 限定時間 a. on and after/on or before e.g. 自9月20日

45、起，甲方已無權接受任何訂單或收據。 Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.我公司的條件是，3個月內，即不得晚于5月1日，支付現金。 Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1st.商務合同翻譯2 慎重處理合同的關鍵細目 B. 限定時間 b. not (no) later than e.g. 本合同簽字之日起一個月內，即不遲于12月15日，你方須將

46、貨物裝船。 Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e., not later than December 15.商務合同翻譯2 慎重處理合同的關鍵細目 B. 限定時間 c. include的相應形式： inclusive; including; included.e.g. 本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。 This credit expires till January 1st (inclusive) /till and including January 1

47、st for negotiation in Beijing.如果不包含1月1日，則翻譯為 till and not including January1st商務合同翻譯2 慎重處理合同的關鍵細目C. 限定金額 a. 大寫文字重復金額 e.g. 聘方每月付給受聘方美元500元整。Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).商務合同翻譯2 慎重處理合同的關鍵細目C. 限定金額 b. 正確使用貨幣符號 $ 即可以代表“美元”也可以代表其他地方的貨幣。金額數字必須緊靠貨

48、幣符號 e.g. US$400. 此外，還要注意小數點和逗號，務必看清楚。商務合同翻譯涉外商務合同翻譯中句子成分的轉換1） 主語的轉換 A. 主語轉換為謂語原文的主語為動作性的名詞，且采用被動語態。譯成漢語時，須將英語的被動語態調整為漢語的主動語態，進行翻譯轉換。商務合同翻譯Case StudyDelivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order, otherwise the Buyer may at its option cancel the order without cost to him, and

49、charge the Seller for any loss incurred as a result of the latters failure to make such delivery.賣方必須在購貨訂單規定的時間內交貨，否則，買方可取消合同，而不承擔任何損失，并要求賣方賠償由不交貨所造成的一切損失。商務合同翻譯B. 主語轉換為賓語原文的主語往往為普通名詞，且常常采用被動語態。譯成漢語時，將英語的被動語態改譯成漢語的主動語態，主語轉換為賓語。如：Should all or part of the Contract and its appendices be unable to be f

50、ulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the breaching party shall bear the responsibilities thus caused.由于一方過失，致使不能履行或不能完全履行本合同及其附件時，由過失方承擔違約責任。商務合同翻譯C. 主語轉換為定語如果主語和賓語之間的關系密切，或賓語本身就是主語的一部分，譯成漢語時，為使譯文符合漢語的表達習慣，往往把原文的主語轉換為定語：Each Party is liable to the Joint Venture Company only up to the limit of t

51、he capital subscribed by it.各方對合資公司的責任以各自認繳的出資額為限。商務合同翻譯2） 賓語的轉換A. 賓語轉換為主語合同英語中的某些動詞賓語，在邏輯上是應說明的主體，為使其突出醒目，翻譯時一般將其轉換為漢語的主語。Party A shall send twice its technical personnel to Party Bs factory for training, and the total number of the participants shall not exceed 320 (excluding the interpreter).甲方的技

52、術人員將分兩批赴乙方接受培訓，參加培訓人員不超過320人（翻譯人員除外）。商務合同翻譯B. 賓語轉換為謂語如果原文的謂語動詞不易處理成漢語的謂語，而原文中的賓語又是含有動作意義的名詞，那么在漢譯時可以將原文中的賓語轉換成漢語的謂語，或與原文動詞一起合譯為漢語的謂語。如：The Licenser will, at its own cost, take such actions to eliminate infringement of the Licensed Patents as may be reasonably necessary and proper in its own opinion.

53、 許可方應在其認為有必要的時候，以適當的方式，自費采取行動，消除對特許專利的侵權。商務合同翻譯3） 表語的轉換A. 表語轉換為主語在英語中，當用名詞作表語時，主語和表語所表達內容往往是一致的。在譯成漢語時，為使上下文連貫，或突出表語所述內容，可將原文句中的表語轉換為漢語的主語。 This is the final arbitration award and binding on both Contracting Parties. 這一仲裁是終局性的，對雙方均有約束力。商務合同翻譯B. 表語轉換為謂語當介詞和名詞構成短語作表語時，其功能類似于漢語的謂語部分，一般可選擇一個適當的漢語動詞作為謂語來

54、處理譯文。 In the course of arbitration, the Contract shall be continuously executed by both parties except the part of the Contract which is under arbitration.在仲裁過程中，除了正在仲裁的部分條款外，合同的其他條款應繼續執行。商務合同翻譯4） 定語的轉換在漢語中，形容詞是可以作謂語的。因此，當英語的形容詞作前置定語時，很難將其譯成通順的漢語。此時，如果將定語轉換為漢語的謂語，使之和所修飾的名詞一起構成漢語的主謂詞組，則可使譯文流暢規范。 The sample of the machine submitted by the Seller is featured by novel shape, easy operation, high calorific efficiency and low fuel consumption.賣方提交的樣機的特點是造型新穎、操作簡便、熱效率高、油耗低。商務合同翻譯Practice 車輛租用協議書姓名證件類型證件號代辦人（證件號）租用期 由 年 月 日 至 年 月 日租金租用設備車輛型號