1、初三英語總復習語法系列訓練英語的時態現在完成時1現在完成時的構成：助動詞have (has) + 動詞的過去分詞注：has 用于第三人稱單數，have 用于其他所有人稱。 2現在完成時的用法：（1）現在完成時表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。通常與表示包括現在在內的時間副詞just，already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語連用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have

2、 you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. 有時沒有時間狀語；多是一般疑問句。（2）現在完成時表示過去已經開始，持續到現在,也許還會持續下去的動作或狀態。可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在（包括現在在內）的一段時間的狀語連用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。 I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 y

3、ears. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成時不能與for, since等表示一段時間的短語連用。 （3）現在完成時還可以用在時間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時完成的動作，例如： Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we

4、ll go to the park.（4） have been (to)和have gone (to)的區別： have / has been (to) 表示“曾經去過”某地，說話時此人很可能不在那里，已經回來。側重指經歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經去了”某地，說話時此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 試比較： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。 （人已回來，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經去了北京。 （人已走，不在這兒）。一般過去時與現在完成時之比較 1）過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述

5、過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。 2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語。 共同的時間狀語有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。 現在完成時的時間狀語有：for, since, so far, ever, never,

6、just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不確定的時間狀語。請大家認真分析比較下列各例句： I saw this film yesterday. （強調看的動作發生過了。） I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。） She has returned from Paris.（她已從巴黎回來了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續

7、) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)注意：句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。例如：（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 延續動詞與瞬間動詞 1) 用于完成時的區別：延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。 He h

8、as completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果) Ive known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)2) 用于till / until 從句的差異： 延續動詞用于肯定句，表示“做直到” ；瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示“到，才”。 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 點才回來。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10點。典型例題：1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had me

9、t B. have met C. met D. meet答案B ；首先本題后句強調對現在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復發生的動作，因此用現在完成時。2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be答案A ； 等待的動作由過去開始，持續到現在，應用現在完成時。 七、過去完成時的用法1、概念：表示過去的過去。 -|-|-|- 那時以前 那時 現在 其結構是

10、：had + 過去分詞2、過去完成時的用法： （1）過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態；句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導的時間狀語。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. （2）過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作或者狀態持續到過去某個時間或者持續下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.

11、（3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. （4）在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在后，用一般過去時。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. （5）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but

12、 you didnt. （6）過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 用一般過去時代替完成時 1) 兩個動作

13、如按順序發生，又不強調先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。When she saw the mouse，she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2) 兩個動作相繼發生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。When I heard the news, I was very excited.3) 敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.時間現在過去那時所預見的情

14、況八、一般過去將來時一、基本概念：過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。它是一個相對的時態，即立足于過去某時，從過去的某一時間看即將發生的事情就要用這一時態。 1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more. 3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness? 二、基本形式： wouldshould動詞原形（其中 would 用于各種人稱， should 常用于第一人稱）。

15、例如： They were sure they would win the final victory他們堅信會贏得最后勝利。 He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there他沒想到我們都在那里。 上述兩個例句中的賓語從句謂語 would win 和 should（would）be 分別與其主句謂語 were sure 和 didnt expect 相對應。三、過去將來時的一些其它表達形式： 1wasweregoing to動詞原形 He said he was going to try 他說他準備試試。 2waswereto動詞原形 The

16、y said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day 他們說這條鐵路將在五一節通車。 3waswere about動詞原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain 我們正要出去天（突然）下起雨來。 4過去進行時（一般多為動作概念較強的動詞，如 go，come， leave，start， open，begin 等）也可用于表示將來。 I didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他們什么時候再來。 四、用法注意點： 1在時間和條件狀語從句中

17、，常用一般過去時來表示過去將來時。例如： He said he would come to see you when he had time 他說他有時間就來看望你。 2“would動詞原形”可表示過去習慣性的動作。此時，不管什么人稱，都可用would。 When he was a child he would get up early 他年幼時，總是很早起床。 考例精練： 1We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon（MET93） Aleaves Bwould leave Cleft Dhad left

18、2 Alice, why didnt you come yesterday？ I _ ，but I had an unexpected visitor（NMET97） Ahad Bwould Cwas going to Ddid 1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. re

19、turned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 3. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 4. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have ho

20、ped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come 一般現在時 用法：經常性的和習慣性的動作 常用時間狀語 ： usually,sometimes,in spring, every day,in the morning 動詞構成 ：動詞原型. work 動詞+S.（主語是第三人稱單數）

21、works 否定構成 ： dont+動原 doesnt+動原 一般疑問構成及簡答：Do+主語+動原+其它？Yes,I do. Does+主語+動原+其它？No,he doesnt. 特殊疑問舉例 ：What do you often do on Sundays? Where does he live? 注意： start,leave,go,come等的一般現在時可表示按 規定要發生的未來動作，如列車將離開。客觀真理在從句中也用一般現在時 現在進行時 用法：說話時正在進行的動作或當 前一段時間正在進行的動作 常用時間狀語 ：now,these days 動詞構成 ： am/is/are+現在分詞

22、(-ing) am/is/are working 否定構成 ： am/is/are+not+現在分詞 一般疑問構成及簡答：Am/Is/Are+主語+現在分詞 + 其它？Yes,I am(he is.) No,they arent 特殊疑問舉例：What are you doing now? Who is flying a kite there? 注意：go,come,leave.arrive,return,die等的進 行時 有時表示即將發生的動作。 寧夏鹽池一中 林軍用法：將來會出現或發生的動作常用時間狀語：this evening,tomorrow,next month,in a few

23、minutes,at the end of this term動詞構成: 1,will/shall+動原 2,am/is/are going to+動詞原型 3,sm/is/are(about)+動詞不定式 4,am/is/are+coming等現在分詞以work為例:will/shall work am/is/are going to work am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving否定構成：will/shall not am/is/are not特殊疑問句舉例:What will you do tomorrow? When are

24、 we going to have a class meeting?備注：在if條件或as soon as等時間狀語從句中用一般現在時代替一般將來時。 一般將來時用法：過去時間發生的或過去經常性的動作常用時間狀語：yesterday,last night,two days ago, in 2000,at that time,before liberation，when 等引導的含 過去時的句子。動詞構成：動詞過去時（-ed） worked/used to work否定構成：didnt+動原 didnt work used not(didnt use) to work一般疑問構成及簡答舉例：Di

25、d+主語+動原+其它？ 特殊疑問句舉例：What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning? 備注：He has opened the door.（表示過去“開門”的動作對現在的影響是門還開著）He opened the door.(不能確定門現在是否開著) 一般過去時用法: 1、發生在過去的動作且對現在仍有影響的動作， 強調對現在的影響.2、從過去一直延續到現在的動作常用時間狀語：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+過去的點時 間,for+段時間動詞構成：have/has+過去分詞(-ed) have/has worked否定構成：have/has not+過去分詞一般疑問構成： Have/Has+主語+過去分詞?特殊疑問句舉例：What have you done recently? How long has he lived in Beijing?備注：暫時性動詞不能與for, since,How long等 表示段時間 的短語同時使用。 現在完成時用法：過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在發生 的動作常用時間狀語：at this time yesterday,at that time, at