1、工程碩士英語考前輔導詞匯考試要求、考點、題型分析 1 考試要求全國工程碩士入學資格考試外語運用能力測試的詞匯與語法部分共10題, 每道題2分, 共20分. 前5題為詞匯題, 主要是考查考生掌握并熟練使用英語詞匯及短語的能力. 根據考試大綱規定, 考生應領會式掌握4,250個左右單詞和500個常用詞組, 并能根據構詞法和語境識別常見的派生詞; 著重要掌握名詞, 動詞, 形容詞, 短語和固定搭配, 其中包括同義詞, 反義詞, 形近詞等的辨析. 2 考點及題型分析短語類題型 -理解題意, 去偽存真短語類試題是詞匯部分比較主要的一個考點， 主要涉及動詞短語，介詞短語及起連詞作用的固定詞組（如above

2、 all, in that, other than, rather than 等)。做好這類題目主要依靠學生平時的掌握與積累,特別是一些常用動詞如go, put, fall, give, take, come, keep, get, bring, make, hold, turn, look, ask, stand, lay, live, run, call等與介詞或副詞的常用搭配應牢記在心。3單詞辨義題型-分析選項, 消除干擾單詞辨義是詞匯題中的另一大題型. 可以把它分為詞義辨析, 近義詞辨析和形近詞辨析. 這種題目對考生的詞匯量要求很大. 反過來說, 也是對考生詞匯量掌握情況的有效檢驗。考

3、生在解此類題目時要注意仔細分析各個選項, 逐一排除干擾項. 詞義辨析 詞義辨析還比較單純考詞匯量, 選擇項中的詞之間詞義都很明確, 只要理解題干的意思便可作出準確選擇. 如:The first Olympiad is said to have consisted _ of a 200-yard foot race near the small city of Olympia. A)nearly B)completely C)merely D)identically I didnt _ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late. A)mean B)ass

4、ume C)hope D)suppose 4 近義詞辨析 近義詞辨析是三者中最難的一項. 它不僅考查考生的詞匯量， 而且考查考生在面對詞與詞之間存在共同概念的干擾時,如找出區別而最終作出正確判斷. Many old people in the cities find themselves unable to get used to the rapid _ of city life. A) rate B) speed C)step D) pace Generally _, the climate here is most suitable for the old people. A) speak

5、ing B) telling C) saying D) talking 5 形近詞辨義 形近詞辨義的難度界于上述兩者之間, 主要是從相似的拼寫或發音方面給考生造成干擾, 如果考生對某個詞記憶不深, 模棱兩可的話, 就很容易陷入被動. 因此歸根到底, 這種題型仍是以考查單詞詞義為主. The new currency will get into _ soon. A) circuit B) circulation C) circular D) circle The captain of the ship _ the passengers that there was no danger. A) a

6、ssured B) ensured C) secured D) insured _his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others. A) Dislike B) Unlike C) Alike D) Liking 6 搭配關系題型 -仔細推敲, 逐一排除 英語中的搭配關系多種多樣, 除了在短語題型里介紹過的動詞與介詞, 動詞與名詞的搭配, 考試中還常會考到形容詞與介詞, 形容詞與名詞, 名詞與介詞等. 考生在遇到有些搭配不那么肯定的情況下一定要沉著冷靜, 對各個選項仔細推敲, 并放入句中利用語感和平時做

7、題的經驗進行逐一排除. 如： He was a talented football player as a boy, but he never _ his early promise. A) concluded B) completed C) performed D)fulfilled7語法 考試要求 如詞匯部分所述,語法題與詞匯題出現在同一部分, 共10題20分,前5題為詞匯題,后5題為語法題,屬單項選擇題,每題2分,共10分。 語法是解決其他題型的基礎和關鍵。要學好語法不能滿足于記住了多少條語法規則,更重要的是掌握它們的用法。雖然這部分只有5題,但只有這部分可被看作是對語言知識的考核,因此

8、這一部分在整個考試中有舉足輕重的地位,考生對這部分試題的完成準確率可以反映考生的英語基礎知識打得牢不牢固。8 測試范圍 基礎語法測試要求考生不僅能正確完成語法知識題, 還能夠舉一反三, 靈活運用到其他考試題型中如閱讀理解, 完形填空等, 這就需要考生具體掌握以下幾點知識. 1.名詞, 代詞的數與格的構成及用法: 2.形容詞,副詞的 比較級和最高級的構成及用法. 3.動詞的基本時態，語態的構成形式及用法 4.非謂語動詞的構成形式及用法 5.虛擬語氣的構成形式及用法 6.各類從句的構成形式及用法 7.強調句的構成形式及用法 8.倒裝句的構成形式及用法 9.主謂一致的用法9閱讀理解 閱讀部分的測試要

9、求及測試范圍測試要求 閱讀部分共設20題， 每題兩分。考試時間為21分鐘。短文4篇，每篇約150詞左右。 要求考生在理解短文的基礎上從每題的四項選擇中取最佳答案。 閱讀部分的考試目的是測試考生從閱讀材料中獲取信息的能力。要求考生既具備答題的準確性，也要求考生具備一定的答題速度。主要測試以下能力： (1)掌握測試材料的中心思想、主要內容和細節； (2)對測試材料的內容進行一定的判斷和推理； (3)理解某些詞和句子的意義或上下文之間的邏輯關系； (4)領會作者的觀點并能判別作者的態度。10 閱讀理解測試是一項檢查考生閱讀理解應用能力的測試。筆者在以往輔導教學中發現學生平時的閱讀量較小，閱讀能力欠佳

10、，大學畢業已若干年的考生尤其如此。因此，對考生進行考前閱讀理解強化訓練是有必要的。1)解題步驟考前閱讀理解訓練一般要求考生在處理閱讀材料時遵循以下步驟：閱讀選項,略讀全文,領會大意,尋讀對照,準則判斷解題步驟及策略 112) 解題策略應考慮閱讀的四個層次及其把握：第一層次是對單詞和短語的理解；第二層次是對句子的理解；第三層次是對段落的理解，即通過分析句與句之間的邏輯關系得出該段落的結構和大意第四層次是對篇章的理解，即通過分析段與段之間的邏輯關系得出整篇文章的結構和大意。在實際閱讀過程中，上述四個層次是互相聯系、不可截然分開的。在大多數情況下，正確的閱讀方法，要把對文章細節的閱讀與其整體篇章大意

11、的閱讀相結合，而以從上下文連貫的篇章大意理解為主線來進行。12利用上下文，猜測詞義He is successful as a businessman because of his dynamic personalityHe seems to have unlimited energyThe expensive curtains and luxurious carpets were the only remaining signs of the houses former opulence.A) poverty B) wealth C) condition D) ugliness 2根據同義、反

12、義關系確定詞義 閱讀中，特別是要注意表示反意的信號詞： in contrast， on the other hand，rather than，however， yet, although，while，unlike，but，whereas，as opposed to等。 My sister Marie is an optimist， while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen13 利用標點符號/利用構詞法猜測詞A gorilla always makes me think of t

13、he word aloofnot friendly, of distance from others. They overestimate the interviewees ability and asked him many difficult questions14Have a Try ( Reading ) It is true that as a social organization moves from the simple to the complex, so does the organization through which it educates its children

14、. Growth and change are vital if education is to meet new needs and demands. In a very simple social order, it may suffice to have the parents carry on the education of their children. However, as will be shown later in more detail, such a method may become entirely untenable（行不通), and special indiv

15、iduals are entrusted with the task. These may be hired privately first, but soon the social group the church, village, and the like-will be responsible for education. Eventually, special training is required for those who do the teaching, and an agency to control this training is needed. Thus the in

16、fluence of the local government unit, such as the town, township, and later the state or the province becomes necessary. It was generally considered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.151. The closest restatement of the first sentence is:A) The more complex a social organizatio

17、n becomes, the more complex the educational system becomes.B) The complexity of a social organization depends on the complexity of the educational system.C) Social organizations are truly as complex as they need to be for educational purposes.D) Our society must be complex if we want our education s

18、ystem to serve our childrens educational requirements.2. The writer would probably argue for _.A) more parental influence in educationB) an educational system which takes social complexity into account.C) strict state control of education D) more special training for teachers.3. According to the pas

19、sage, the reason why the local government unit become influential is that A) teachers become too powerful B) enrollment increasesC) a need arises to control the education of teachersD) the church or village lacks the ability to oversee education4. The author promises to explain _.A) the necessity of

20、 the local government unit.B) why it is easier to use the government to control educationC) the responsibility of the social group D) why parents should not teach their children. 16Have another TryWe are associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means tradition, and re

21、d means social change. But blue can also mean sadness (Im feeling blue). White is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding, in western Europe white is worn at wedding and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importanc

22、e of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty!).Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the

23、 University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism (新陳代謝); day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with

24、 energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity.In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack

25、 is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green.17Questions1. In Luschers view, the association of colors with feelings and attitudes can be traced back to .A. the association of day and night with passivity and action in ancient time.B. The association of bla

26、ck with funerals in western Europe.C. The association of white with purity in some countriesD. The association of red with joy in China2.Which of the following is NOT true?A. Dark blue brings tragedy. B. Dark blue means tradition.C.Dark blue represents night. D. Dark blue indicates quietness. 18To b

27、e continued ( questions )3.In Luschers view, which of the following colors is associated with defense?A. Red B. Blue C. Dark D. Green4.According to the passage, what kind of people would probably favor yellow?A. People who are passive and conservative.B. People who are creative and aggressive.C. Peo

28、ple who are hopeful and active.D. People who are ideal and ite with purity in some countriesD. The association of red with joy in China19Think it over, dont take it for granted!5.Soap powders come in white and light blue packets to _.A. resemble ice B. show qualityC. suggest purity D. attract custom

29、ers20Have a quick scanning COMMUTER BUS SERVICE New York City-Brennan, N.J. Effective Sept. 2002- May 2003SCHEDULE Buses leave Port Authority Bus Terminal. New York City, from 7:00 a.m., and every half-hour thereafter, until 11:30 p.m. ( 7 days a week ) Buses leave Brennan station 20 minutes before

30、and after every hour from 6:20 a.m. until 10:40 p.m. ( 7 days a week ) Evening rush hours ( 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.): buses leave Port Authority terminal every 15 minutes ( Monday -Friday) 21To be continued Holidays: Buses leave every hour on the hour, each direction ( Trip time: 30 minutes each day

31、)TICKETS One way: $1.50 Commuter ticket ( 10 trips ):$10:00 All tickets must be purchased at Window 12, Port Authority Bus Terminal, or at the Brennan station window BEFORE boarding buses. 22Quick Scanning for Key Info(1) At which of the following times does a bus leave New York for Brennan on Tuesd

32、ays?A) 9:30 a.m. B) 11:15 a.m. C) 2:45 p.m. D) 10:20 p.m .(2) If you had to meet a friend at the bus station in Brennan at 10:15 a.m. on a Friday, which is the latest bus you could take from New York?A) the 10:00 a.m. bus B) the 9:30 a.m. busC) the 9:00 a.m. bus D) the 8:20 a.m. bus(3) What time doe

33、s a bus leave Brennan for New York City on Saturday?A) 5:15 p.m. B) 7:10 p.m. C) 9:40 p.m. D) 11:40 p.m.23Quick Scanning for Key Words 4. Where should passengers buy their tickets?A) from the driver before boarding the busB) from the driver after boarding the busC) at the door near this noticeD) at

34、a terminal ticket window5.If you wanted to visit a friend in Brennan on New Years Day, what time could you get a bus from the Port Authority terminal?A) 9:30 a.m. B) 10:00 a.m. C) 10:20 a.m. D) 10:40 a.m.24完形填空 完形填空部分的測試要求及測試范圍 測試要求完形填空部分共設10題，每題2分；要求考生閱讀一篇難度適中的短文（約150200個英文單詞），其中留出10個空白，每處有4個選項。考生需

35、運用自己的語言綜合能力，在全面了解文章內容的基礎上，選擇最佳答案，使短文的意思和結構完整、合理。它考核的是考生綜合運用語言的能力。由于自然語言都存在冗余現象，這一現象使人們在閱讀一篇文章的時候，即使文章被抽去部分的詞，仍然可能根據對剩余部分的分析來理解整篇文章的思想，并可推斷出缺損部分的信息，而這種推斷信息的準確度就取決于人們綜合運用語言的能力。 最早的完形填空形式是每隔五個或五個以上的詞（一般為512個詞）等距地刪去一個詞。這種形式測試效率較低，因為同一個詞可能多次遇到，而且有的詞測試意義不大。因此，后來對這一做法進計了修正，修正后的做法是有選擇地刪去一定量的詞。對刪去什么詞在命題時要經過仔

36、細設計，反復推敲。一般來說，在被刪去的詞中，實詞和虛詞要各占一定的比例，詞匯題和語法題要各占一定的比例，全局題和局部題要各占一定的比例，只有這樣，完形填空題才能全面、準確地測試出考生綜合運用語言的能力。在我國目前的各類英語考試中，完形填空部分均采用修正后的考試形式。25測試范圍 完形填空題是以測試考生綜合運用語言的能力為目的此題型可謂是“To kill two birds with one stone.”。這種能力具體體現在以下三個方面： 1）對詞匯知識的掌握； 2）對語法結構知識的掌握；3）對篇章閱讀能力的掌握。 26 完形填空題的解題方法解題步驟 上面說過，完形填空是一種綜合性很強的題目，

37、它涉及到考生多方面的語言能力，如閱讀理解能力，語法分析能力，詞匯辨析能力，固定搭配及慣用法等多方面的能力。因此，考生在答題時可遵循以下步驟： 1)通讀全文，掌握大意。完形填空題的第一句話一般都是完整的，而且它常常就是本段、乃至全文的中心思想。考生應該借助這一主題句，快速測覽全文，掌握短文的基本思想。 2)根據上下文理清脈絡并進行判斷。考生在做題時必須時時刻刻從上下文出發考慮，因為在大多數情況下，空缺項的填補都需要通過對上下文的分析才能作出判斷。 3)由易到難，各個擊破。一般來說，固定搭配，習慣用法最簡單，考生只要記住了這些搭配及用法，可以很快找到答案。然后可過渡到部分考語法知識的題目和根據上下

38、文選擇詞義的題目。最后可做需要全局性理解的題目，這種題目要求較高。 4)正確運用排除法。有的題目中，有一些一眼就可排除的選項，這種選項在做題時可首先排除，然后把精力集中于較難取舍的選擇項上。當然，在遇有難以判斷的選擇項時，也可把每一種選擇都填入空中加以分析，根據上下文信息和一些語法知識，逐一排除掉錯誤答案和可能性很小的選擇。 5)全篇復核，再次確認中心無誤。把所有題目都做出來以后，最好再把全文通讀一遍，再次確認中心思想沒有理解錯誤，以避免全盤皆錯的慘局。27試一拭Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living

39、things must die, but people now live longer than they 1 . Yet, all living things still show the2 of aging, which will eventually result in death. Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the organs they form do not function as well as they 3 in childhood and

40、 adolescence. The body provides less protection against disease and is more prone to accident. A number of related causes may 4 aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not replaced when they die. As a person ages, 5 of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. Old body cell

41、s die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the 6 cells may not be as viable or as capable of growth as those of a young person. Another 7 in aging may be changes within the cells themselves. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change with age and become less elastic. Thi

42、s is why the skin of old people wrinkles and hangs loose. This is also the reason old people 8 in height. There may be more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA, and RNA, store and 9 information that the cells need. Aging may affect this 10 .281. A) use t

43、o B) be used to C) used to D) had2. A)function B) effect C) influence D) sign3. A) do B) has done C) did D) were doing4. A) concern to B) contribute to C) happen to D) bring to 5.A) a number B) the amount C) the number D) most6. A) old B) remaining C) new D) other7. A) factor B) effect C) reason D)

44、element8. A) shorten B) shrink C) lengthen D) decrease9. A) pass to B) pass on to C) pass from D) pass on10. A) method B) procedure C) development D) process29會話完成 考試要求本部分為英語運用能力測試的最后一部分, 通過完成對話的方式, 重在考查考生實際運用英語進行交流的綜合能力. 題型為10 段不完整的英語簡短對話, 在每段對話后有4個選項, 要求考生選出其中一個正確答案. 每題2分, 共20分. Waiter: Welcome, s

45、ir. May I help you? Customer: _. A) Thank you. Ill have fried tofu and stir-fried cauliflower. B) Yes, please. Id like a hamburger and a chocolate shake. C) Sorry. I dont need your help, thank you. D)If you want to help me, Ill be glad to accept it. Guest: Oh, its ten oclock. Id better go now. Host: _. A) Ok. Please walk slowly. B) Why do you want to go now? dont you want to stay?C) Wont you stay for another cup of coffee?D) Yeah, its really late. Why not immediately?30Phone Call Wilson: Hello. May I speak to Peter? Pete