1、人教課標高二 選修 6 Unit 1Unit 1 Art虛擬語氣Subjunctive Mood 7/18/2022動詞的語氣簡介： 語氣表示說話人對說話內容的看法的一種語法范疇。在英語中，可用不同的動詞形式表示說話的語氣。動詞的三種語氣：1、陳述語氣: 所表達的動作或狀態是符合客觀現實的。 e.g. Flowers blossom in the spring. He played the piano well.2、祈使語氣: 表示號召、命令、請求、勸告等。 e.g. Let us help you. Keep off the grass.3、虛擬語氣: 與事實相反，表達的是懷疑、憂慮 推測、

2、祝愿等。虛擬語氣 在英語中，表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種假設、愿望、懷疑或推測，要用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣可以用于條件狀語從句、主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句等。虛擬語氣的運用 1）if 真實條件句 2）if 虛擬條件句 3）錯綜條件句 4）省略 if 的倒裝句 5）含蓄條件句（with，but for，不定式，分詞等后） 1、在if條件從句中的運用1、if條件句中的虛擬語氣 If it _ (rain) tomorrow, our trip _ (put off) .構成從句：一般現在時 主句：將來時rainswill be put off1）if真實條件句一、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中(

3、1) 表示與現在事實相反的假設, 條件 狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式(be 動詞的過去式用were)”, 而主句中的謂語動詞“would / should/ could / might + 動詞原形”。 虛擬語氣e.g. If I were a boy, I would join the army.If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out agai

4、n, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenc. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould ask(2) 與過去的事實相反從句的謂語用had 過去分詞, 構成 If I (we, you, he, they)had過去分詞的形式；主

5、句的謂語用should(第一人稱)/would (第二、三人稱) / could / might have 動詞過去分詞。If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedha

6、d gotwould have caughtc. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.had metwould have gone(3) 與將來事實相反從句的謂語用If I (we, you, he, they) 動詞過去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句謂語用should(第一人稱) /would (第二、三人稱) /could/ might 動詞原形。If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should

7、succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power.b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upc. If Robots _ (control)

8、the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould be練習：1. If I _ (know) her address, I would write to her.2. What would you have done if you_(miss) the train?3. If he _ (not be ill ), he would have done something.4. If it _(snow)tomorrow, we _(get up) early.5. If you had asked him y

9、esterday, you_ (know) what to do now.knewhad missedhad not been illwere to /should snow/ snowedshould get upwould know 主句與從句的動作發生在不同的時間, 這時主從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同, 這叫做混合條件句。e.g. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.例句中從句與過去事實相反, 主句與現在事實相反。If the staff had been more careful, t

10、he mall would not be on fire now.If he _ his legs yesterday, he _ with us now.hadnt hurt ; would go hadnt hurt; would have gonedidnt hurt; would go didnt hurt; would have gone 錯綜條件句是指條件從句中的動作和主句的動作發生的時間不一致。 e.g. If she hadnt studied hard, she wouldnt speak so well now.Maybe if I _ science, and notli

11、terature then, I would be able to giveyou more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studyingCHad you taken the doctors advice yesterday, you _ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have beenC4)省略if的倒裝句e.g. If they were here, they would help us.如果從句中有were，should，had等詞， 可省略if，并把w

12、ere，should，had放在句首進行倒裝。If you had come earlier, nothing would have happened.Had you come earlier, nothing would have happened.Were they here, they would help us._ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful party. Had they arrived Would they arrive Were they arriving Were the

13、y to arrive_ it not been for the free ticket, I would not have gone to the cinema.A. Were B. ShouldC. If D. Had D5)含蓄條件句假設情況不以if條件句表現出來，而是通過某個介詞或介詞短語，不定式表現出來。如with, without，but for，but， otherwise等。e.g. I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up. But for your help, I would not have

14、the chance to go to school. If you had not helped meIf I had not lost her phone number but for要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live i

15、n the desert.I was away that day, otherwise I _ the lecture.had attended would have attendedwould attend attended Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have saidD- Sorry for having kept you waiting. Bu

16、t for the traffic jam, I _ 20 minutes earlier.- Never mind. I havent been waiting that long.A. arrivedB. would arriveC. would have arrivedD. had arrivedCI _ through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt have goneB. didnt goC. wouldnt goD. hadnt goneAI _ sooner but I didnt know tha

17、t they were waiting for me.A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have comeDBob would have helped us yesterday, but he _.A. was busy B. is busyC. had been busyD. will be busyA條件從句If 從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現在過去時(were)would/could/should/might +v. (原)總結：虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用 法。條件從句If 從句的謂語形式 主句的謂語形式過去過去完成時would

18、/could/should/might + have + p.p.條件從句If 從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式未來1. 過去時2. should + v.3. were to dowould/could/ should/ might + v. (原)關于虛擬語氣 辯析1關于虛擬語氣 辯析2關于虛擬語氣 辯析3關于虛擬語氣 辯析4關于虛擬語氣 辯析5二、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法1. 在動詞wish后的賓語從句中, 表示與現在或過去的事實相反, 或對將來的主觀愿望, 從句通常省略連詞that。1) 表示對現在情況的虛擬: 從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式 (be動詞一般用were) 。I wish I

19、 were as tall as you.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示對過去情況的虛擬: 從句動詞常用“had過去分詞”。(3) 表示對將來的主觀愿望: 從句動詞形式為 “ would動詞原形”。注意: 主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同, 因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現，取決于從句主語的態度或意愿(非動物名詞除外)。e.g. 但愿你立刻來。 I wish you would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.wish后的賓語從句,表示但愿. “希望”與現在事實相反與

20、過去事實相反與將來事實相反賓語從句動詞過去式 (be-were)had+過去分詞would+動詞原形I wish I _ to talk this over with Mr. Zhang whenhe was here last night. had been able B. should be ableC. have been able D. were ableAI wish you _ (go) soon.would go(主從句主語不一致)- Where are the children? The dinners going to be ruined.- I wish they _ al

21、ways late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt beD. wouldnt have beenA- Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with me?- I wish _, but I have an appointment.A. may B. couldC. canD. shouldB2. 表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。 常見動詞： 一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即: insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand, requ

22、ire, request, desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動詞使用should + 動詞原形，或者將should省略。e.g. 我們建議湯姆去休息一下。 他堅決要求我到場。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work

23、 there.e.g. 國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們去那兒工作。 以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。即：(should)v.order, advice, suggestion, proposal,demand, request, desiree.g. Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advi

24、ce that the chemical factory should be closed down. insist / suggest 不接虛擬的用法e.g. She insisted that she was right. 她堅持認為自己是對的。（堅持事實） His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel. 他的叔叔堅持要求他不要待在旅館里。e.g. The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy. I suggested that the teachers wages (s

25、hould) be increased.The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldntB. couldntC. needntD. shouldntDAll the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. was; should be operatedD. wa

26、s; be operated onDTeachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allowB. do not allowC. mustnt allowD. couldnt allowA4. Its (about/high) time + (that)should +v.過去時你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。Its time that you went.Its time that you should go.Its time that we went

27、to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. (should不可省略)Its high time that we students _ even harder at our lessons as the national examination is coming nearer.A. shall workB. will work C. workedD. have to workC5. as if / as though 引導的從句 “好象;似乎”與現在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反從句動詞過去式 (be-were)had+過去分詞would+動詞原形

28、He treats me as if I _ (be) a stranger. wereHe talked about the accident as if he _ (see) it.had seenIt is so cloudy. It looks as if it _ (is) going to rain.isWhen a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_ . breaks B. had brokenC. were broken D. had been brokenCThough the girl had b

29、een suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing _ to her while facing her friends and relations.A. happenedB. would happenC. was happenedD. had happenedD6. would rather (that)現在：過去：將來：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came to

30、morrow.過去時過去時過去完成時I would rather she _ (not be) present now.I would rather he _ (tell) me the truth yesterday.were nothad toldId rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being. dont B. wouldntC. didnt D. shouldntC7. if only 之后的從句 “要是就好了”與現在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反從句動詞過去式 (be-were)had+過去分詞would+動詞原形If only I _ as young as you are! be B. amC. were D. beingCIf only I _ (can) learn English well in a day.If only I _ (not be) late for the interview.couldhadnt been8. 在It is/was a pity/