1、Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer主要(zhyo)內容1. Concepts: heat (thermal energy)、heat transfer、thermodynamics、total amount of heat transfer、heat transfer rate、heat flux、conduction、convection、radiation2. Equations:1) The first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy principle)2) Heat bala

2、nce equation: a) closed system; b) open system (steady-flow)3) Fouriers law of heat conduction4) Newtons law of cooling5) Stefan-Boltzmann law主要(zhyo)專業詞匯heat transfer 傳熱(chun r)、熱傳遞、傳熱學 thermodynamics熱力學caloric 熱素 specific heat 比熱 mass flow rate 質量流率latent heat 潛熱 sensible heat 顯熱 heat flux熱流密度heat

3、 transfer rate熱流量total amount of heat transfer總熱量(rling) conduction導熱(dor) convection對流(duli) radiation輻射thermal conductivity 熱導率 thermal diffusivity 熱擴散率convection/combined heat transfer coefficient 對流/綜合換熱系數emissivity 發射率 absorptivity 吸收率simultaneous heat transfer 復合換熱Chapter 2 Heat Conduction Equ

4、ation主要內容1. Concepts: temperature field、temperature gradient、heat generation、initial condition、boundary condition、steadytransient heat transfer、uniformnonuniform temperature distribution2. Equations:1) Fouriers law of heat conduction (2-1) 2) Heat conduction equation (in rectangularcylindricalspheri

5、cal coordinates) (2-2、2-3)3) Boundary conditions: (2-4)a) Specified temperature B. C. b) Specified heat flux B. C. special case(dt/dx=0): insulation、thermal symmetry; c) Convection B.C. d) Radiation B.C.e) Interface B.C. 4) Average thermal conductivity kave (2-7)5) Solution of one-dimensional, stead

6、y heat conduction in plane walls、cylinders and spheres (k =const)：a) no heat generation, specified B.C.: T(x) or T(r) (2-5) Q(x) or Q(r), Q=constb) with heat generation, Specified B.C. or Convection B.C. : (2-6) Tmax=To-Ts= gs2/2nk ; q(x)=gx/n; Ts=T+ gs/nhcharacteristic length S, shape factor n:plan

7、e walls s = L (half thickness), n = 1cylinders s = ro, n = 2spheres s = ro, n =33. Methods: Solve a heat transfer problem1) Mathematical formulation (differential equation & B.C.)2) General solution of equation3) Application of B.C.s4) Unique solution of the problem主要(zhyo)專業詞匯temperature fielddistr

8、ibution溫度場分布(fnb) temperature gradient溫度梯度heat generation熱生成(shn chn)(熱源) initialboundary condition初始邊界條件transient heat transfer瞬態(非穩態)傳熱 isothermal surface 等溫面Heat conduction differential equation 導熱微分方程trial and error method試算法 iterate迭代 convergence 收斂Chapter 3 Steady Heat Conduction主要內容1. Concept

9、s: multilayercomposite wall overall heat transfer coefficient Uthermal resistance Rt thermal contact resistance Rc critical radius of insulation Rcrfin efficiency fin effectiveness2. Equations: Multiplayer plane wall、cylinders and spheres: Fin: fin equationrefer to the attachment.1) Uniform cross-se

10、ction: refer to the attachment.2) Varying cross-section: refer to the attachment.主要專業詞匯thermal resistance熱阻 parallel 并聯(bnglin) in series串聯(chunlin)thermal contact resistance 接觸(jich)熱阻 composite wall 復合壁面thermal grease 熱脂 cross-section 橫截面 temperature execess 過余溫度hyperbolic 雙曲線的 exponent 指數fin 肋(翅)

11、片 fin base 肋基 fin tip 肋端fin efficiency 肋效率 fin effectiveness 肋片有效度Chapter 4 Transient Heat Conduction主要內容1. Concepts: lumped system analysis characteristic length (Lc=V/A)Biot number (Bi=hLc /k) Fourier number ( = at/L)2. Equations: Bi0, lumped system analysis (4-1) Bi0, Heisler/Grober charts OR ana

12、lytical expressions 1-D：a) infinite large plane walls, long cylinders and spheres (4-2) b) semi-infinite solids (4-3) multidimensional: product solution (4-4)主要專業詞匯lumped system analysis 集總參數法 characteristic length 特征長度（尺寸）dimension 量綱 nondimensionalize 無量綱化 dimensionless quantity 無量綱量semi-infinite

13、solid 半無限大固體 complementary error function 誤差余函數series 級數 production solution 乘積解Chapter 5 Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction主要內容1. Concepts: control volume (energy balance) method、 finite difference method、discretization、 node、space step、time step、mesh Biot number、mesh Fourier number、mirror image

14、concept、explicit/implicit method、stability criterion (primary coefficients 0) Numerical error: 1) discretization/truncation error; 2) round-off error2. Methods:Numerical solution:1) Discretization in space and time (x, t);2) Build all nodes finite difference formulations (including interior and boun

15、dary nodes); i. Finite difference method ii. Energy balance method (i.e. Control Volume method)3) Solution of nodal difference eqs. of heat conduction; i. Direct method: Gaussian Eliminationii. Iterative method: Gauss-Seidel iteration主要(zhyo)專業詞匯control volume 控制(kngzh)容積 finite difference有限(yuxin)差

16、分 Taylor series expression泰勒級數展開式mirror image concept 鏡像法 Elimination method 消元法direct/iterative method 直接/迭代方法 explicit/implicit method 顯式/隱式格式stability criterion 穩定性條件 primary coefficients 主系數 unconditionally 無條件地 algebraic eq. 代數方程discretization/truncation error 離散/截斷誤差 round-off error 舍入誤差Chapte

17、r 6、7 Forced Convection and Natural Convection主要內容1. Concepts: Nu、Re、Gr、PrForce/natural convection、external/internal flow、velocity/thermal boundary layerflow regimes、laminar/turbulent flowhydrodynamic/thermal entry region、fully developed regionCritical Reynolds Number (Rec)、hydraulic diameter (Dh)、f

18、ilm temperature (Tf)、bulk mean fluid temperature (Tb) logarithmic mean temperature difference ( Tln)volume expansion coefficient ( = 1/T)effective thermal conductivity (Keff = KNu)2. Equations:Drag force ：FD = CfAV2/2Heat transfer rate：Q = hA(Ts-T)3Typical Convection Phenomena:1) Forced convection：

19、external flowflow over flat plates (6-4) flow across cylinders and spheres (6-5) internal flowflow in tubes (6-6)2) Natural convection： flow over surfaces (7-2)flow inside enclosures (7-3)主要專業(zhuny)詞匯Force/natural convection 自然(zrn)/強制(qingzh)對流 laminar/turbulent flow 層/湍流boundary layer 邊界層 laminar

20、 sublayer 層流底層 buffer layer 緩沖層 transition region 過渡區 flow regimes 流態inertia/viscous force 慣性/粘性力 shear stress 剪切應力 friction/drag coefficient 摩擦/阻力系數 friction factor 摩擦因子dynamic/kinematic viscous 動力/運動粘度wake 尾流 stagnation point 滯止點 flow separation 流體分離vortex 漩渦 rotational motion 環流 velocity fluctuat

21、ion 速度脈動hydrodynamic 水動力學的 hydraulic diameter 水力直徑fully developed region 充分發展段 volume flow rate 體積流量arithmetic/logarithmic mean temperature difference 算術/對數平均溫差volume expansion coefficient 體積膨脹系數interferometer 干涉儀 asymptotic漸近線的effective thermal conductivity 有效熱導率analogical method 類比法 integral appro

22、ach 積分近似法order of magnitude analysis 數量級分析法 similarity principle 相似原理Chapter 9 Radiation Heat Transfer主要(zhyo)內容1. Concepts: black body、gray body、diffuse surface、emissive power (E)emissivity ()、absorptivity ()、reflectivity ()、transmissivity ()irradiation(G)、radiosity(J)、reradiating(adiabatic) surfac

23、eview factor (Fij)、radiation network、space resistance、surface resistanceradiation shieldgas radiation、transparent medium to radiation、absorbing and transmitting medium2. Laws:Blackbody： (1) Planks law(2) Stefan-Boltzmanns law(3) Wiens displacement lawGraybody： (4) Kirchhoffs lawActual body： E (T) =

24、Eb(T) = T4 W/m2Gas： (5) Beers law3Calculation:1) View factor：reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rulecrossed-strings method2) Radiation heat transfer：Radiation networkOpen system： between two surface (e.g. two large parallel plates)Enclosure： 2-surface enclosure；3-surface enclosureRadiation

25、 shield主要(zhyo)專業詞匯thermal radiation熱輻射、quantum theory量子(lingz)理論、index of refraction 折射系數electromagnetic wave/spectrum 電磁波/波譜、ultraviolet (UV) rays紫外線、infrared (IR) rays 紅外線absorptivity 吸收率、reflectivity 反射率、transmissivity 透射率、emissivity () 發射率(黑度)、specular/diffuse reflection 鏡反射/漫反射irradiation (inc

26、ident radiation) 投入輻射、radiosity 有效輻射spectral/directional/total emissive power單色/定向/總 輻射力fraction of radiation energy 輻射能量份額(輻射比)、blackbody radiation function 黑體輻射函數view factor 輻射(fsh)角系數、crossed-strings method交叉(jioch)線法、reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule相互(xingh)/完整/和分/對稱性net radiati

27、on heat transfer 凈輻射熱流量radiation network 輻射網絡圖、space/surface radiation resistance 空間/表面輻射熱阻、reradiating surface重輻射面、adiabatic 絕熱的radiation shield遮熱板transparent medium to radiation輻射透熱體、absorbing and transmitting medium吸收-透過性介質Chapter 10 Heat Exchangers主要內容1. Concepts: heat exchanger type- double-pipe、compact、shell-and-tube、plate-and-frame、regenerative heat exchangerparallel/counter/cross/multipass flowoverall heat transfer coefficient (U) fouling factor (Rf)heat capacity rate ca