1、Accounting EnglishUnit OneLearning Objectives Unit Oneto describe the information system of accounting;to describe the profession of accounting;to state the accounting equation;to describe financial statements;to describe professional ethics in accounting. What is accounting? Is accounting important

2、 to you? Yes, accounting is important in your personal life as well as your career, even though you may not become an accountant.Warming-up Unit OneVocabulary Unit Oneaccountingaccountantbookkeepingenterprisebusinessdecision makingtransactioninvestorcreditorasset會(huì)計(jì)，會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)會(huì)計(jì)師，會(huì)計(jì)從業(yè)人員簿記企業(yè)商業(yè)，企業(yè)制定決策交易，經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)投

3、資者債權(quán)人資產(chǎn)Vocabulary Unit Oneliabilityowners equity / capitalrevenueexpenseincomedouble-entry systemAmerican Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants (CICPA)負(fù)債所有者權(quán)益收入費(fèi)用收益復(fù)式記賬美國(guó)注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)中國(guó)注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)Vocabulary Unit Onefinancial accountingmanagerial acc

4、ountingtax accountingaccounting equation business transactionethics of accounting財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)管理會(huì)計(jì)稅務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)會(huì)計(jì)等式經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)執(zhí)業(yè)道德Notes Unit OneClassify the effects of similar transactions in a manner that permits determination of the various totals and subtotals useful to management and used in accounting reports. 按照一定的方

5、法將相似商業(yè)交易的影響進(jìn)行分類，并將其加總或部分加總，以便提供給管理層和編制會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)告。The development of corporation also created a new social need the need for an independent audit to provide some assurance that managements financial representations were reliable. 同時(shí)，公司的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了一項(xiàng)新的社會(huì)需求，即需要獨(dú)立審計(jì)針對(duì)企業(yè)管理部門所呈報(bào)的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表是否可靠提供相應(yīng)的鑒證。Notes Unit OneCertifie

6、d Public Accountant(CPA) 注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師。他們是有資格執(zhí)行審計(jì)業(yè)務(wù)的專業(yè)人員，一般需滿足三個(gè)方面的條件才能獲得這種資格：（1）接受過專業(yè)教育，通常要有本科學(xué)歷，有的國(guó)家甚至要求更高的學(xué)歷; (2)具有一定期限的會(huì)計(jì)或?qū)徲?jì)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)；（3）通過由專業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)團(tuán)體舉辦的統(tǒng)一考試。 注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師在英國(guó)及英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家稱為CA，即Chartered Accountant.American Institute of Certified Accountants 美國(guó)注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)，簡(jiǎn)稱AICPA，是美國(guó)全國(guó)性的民間會(huì)計(jì)專業(yè)團(tuán)體，負(fù)責(zé)制定會(huì)計(jì)師執(zhí)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)則，進(jìn)行會(huì)計(jì)方面的科學(xué)研究并出版一些會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)刊

7、物，組織并為會(huì)員提供繼續(xù)教育的機(jī)會(huì)，組織一年兩度的注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師統(tǒng)一考試，在國(guó)際上有較大影響。Notes Unit OneThe set of accounting items and the establishment of accounts, the record of business, the preparation of report and the calculation of all economic index are all based on accounting equation. 會(huì)計(jì)科目的設(shè)置和賬戶的建立，經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)的記錄，報(bào)告的編制，以及各經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)的計(jì)算等等，都是以會(huì)計(jì)等式

8、為依據(jù)的。Accountants have a responsibility to report favorable as well as unfavorable information and to refrain from taking actions which undermine an organizations legitimate and ethical objectives. 會(huì)計(jì)有責(zé)任報(bào)告與企業(yè)相關(guān)的全部信息，包括有利的和不利的信息，同時(shí)要抵制那些破壞企業(yè)的合法性和道德宗旨的行為。Notes Unit OneDecisions made on information provi

9、ded by accountants can materially affect the lives of lives of clients and others, often referred to as third parties, which include employees, creditors, investors, suppliers, customers, government and the general public. 會(huì)計(jì)決定披露哪些信息可能對(duì)企業(yè)客戶或其他人（我們稱之為第三方）的生活產(chǎn)生重大影響。第三方包括雇員、債權(quán)人、投資者、供應(yīng)商、顧客、政府和公眾。Assets:

10、 current assets, non-current assets; fix assets, intangible assets, etc. 資產(chǎn)可以分為流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)和非流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)；固定資產(chǎn)和無形資產(chǎn)等。Exercises Unit OneII. Term Study. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B.AB1. accounting2. public accountant3. Certified Public Accountant4. private accountant5. objectives of f

11、inancial accounting6. government accountantA. provide useful information for decision-makingB. person must pass a series of examinations and meet certain other requirementsC. work for one employer and offer services such as accounting, budgeting, and internal auditingD. audit tax returns and accumul

12、ate financial information for federal, provincial, and municipal agencies.E. the language of businessF. offer auditing, management advisory, and tax servicesExercises Unit OneIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.( )1. Accounting is another

13、word for bookkeeping. ( )2. Accounting provides financial information that is only useful to a business management.( )3. Financial accounting focuses primarily on external users of financial information.( )4. Management accounting is directly concerned with stockholders and creditors. ( )5. Creditor

14、s are interested in financial information in deciding whether to make additional loans to the business. FFFTFExercises Unit OneIV. Choose the best answer.1. Which of the following describe accounting? A.is language of business B.is an information system C.is useful decision making D.all of the above

15、2. Accounting is an information system that _. A.measures business activities B.processes information into reports C.communicates findings to decision-makers D.all of the above3. Accounting information is used by _. A.businesses B. government regulation agencies C.labor unions D.all of the aboveExer

16、cises Unit One4. A procedural element of accounting is _. A.planning B.control C.bookkeeping D.auditing5. Purposes of an accounting system include all of the following except _. A.interpret and record the effects of business transactions B.classify the effects of transactions to facilitate the prepa

17、ration of reports C.summarize and communicate information to decision makers D.dictate the specific types of business transactions that the enterprise may engage in6. An accounting process includes all of the following steps except _. A.analyzing B.planning C.classifying D.summarizingExercises Unit

18、OneV. Translate the following into English.1. 會(huì)計(jì)的作用是為決策提供財(cái)務(wù)信息。 The function of accounting is designed to provide financial information for decision making. 2. 會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)是管理信息系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。 Accounting systems are the very important part of management system of information. 3. 企業(yè)外部的有關(guān)人士包括業(yè)主、銀行家、其他債權(quán)人、潛在投資者、工會(huì)、政

19、府機(jī)構(gòu)和公眾。 The related outsiders of a company include owners, bankers, other debtors, potential investors, labor union, the government and the public. Exercises Unit One4、專業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)師 professional accountant5、經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng) business transactions6、會(huì)計(jì)信息 accounting informationExercises Unit OneVI. Translate the following

20、passage into Chinese. Many people and organizations use accounting information that accountants prepare in order to make sound decisions. Thats why it is important for these people to understand how this information is created. To facilitate communication, accountants establish regulations that busi

21、ness people can use to ensure they are talking about the same thing. Suppose, a bookstore sells books: when should the accountant record the sale at the moment the books are shipped (accrual accounting) or at the time the cash for these books is received (cash accounting)? Whether the store owner us

22、es the accrual basis accounting or the cash basis accounting rule is not important as long as a rule is established that requires the owner to disclose which system of rule is being used in the reporting process. All the rules of measurement for accounting are collected in one group and called Gener

23、ally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).keyExercises Unit One 許多個(gè)人和組織為了做出正確的決策而使用會(huì)計(jì)信息。因此他們必須要理解這些會(huì)計(jì)信息是如何形成的，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。為了方便溝通，會(huì)計(jì)們建立了會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則來確保在處理相同事項(xiàng)時(shí)能夠使用。例如：一家書店售書，會(huì)計(jì)應(yīng)于何時(shí)確認(rèn)銷售是在書被發(fā)出的時(shí)候（權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制），還是收到書款的時(shí)候（收付實(shí)現(xiàn)制）？使用權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制還是收付實(shí)現(xiàn)制并不重要，只要建立一種規(guī)則，要求店主披露在報(bào)告過程中所使用的方法即可。所有的會(huì)計(jì)衡量準(zhǔn)則都被收集在一般公認(rèn)會(huì)計(jì)原則中。backAccounting Englis

24、hUnit TwoLearning Objectives Unit Twoto name elements of financial statements;to describe relationship of elements of financial statements;to analyze business transactions and determine their effects in elements of financial statements;to record effects of business transactions on accounts in terms

25、of debit and credit five different types of accounts;to describe the rules of Double-entry Procedure.Warming-up Unit Two If a companys assets increase by $20,000 and its liabilities decrease by $5,000, how much did the owners equity increase or decrease?Vocabulary Unit Twojargonsacrificemortgageclai

26、mcontroversyinflowenhancementoutflowperipheraldouble-entry bookkeeping某一行業(yè)學(xué)科中專用的術(shù)語(yǔ)損失抵押要求；索賠論戰(zhàn)，辯論；法律或財(cái)產(chǎn)價(jià)值的訴訟流入增強(qiáng)，促進(jìn)流出外圍的；外部的復(fù)式記賬法Vocabulary Unit Twoaccounting equation fundamentalequilibrium會(huì)計(jì)等式基礎(chǔ)的，基本的平衡，均衡Notes Unit TwoThe relationship between the accounting elements can be expressed in a simple mat

27、hematical form known as the accounting equation: assets = liabilities + owners equity. This equation shows that the assets of a business are equal to the liabilities and owners equity, it is the framework for the entire accounting process. 會(huì)計(jì)要素之間的關(guān)系用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)等式，也就是我們所說的會(huì)計(jì)等式，可以表達(dá)為：資產(chǎn)=負(fù)債+所有者權(quán)益。這個(gè)等式表明了企業(yè)

28、的資產(chǎn)等于負(fù)債和所有者權(quán)益的總和,這是整個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)程序中的基本框架。Notes Unit TwoThe basic principle of double-entry bookkeeping is that very transaction has a twofold effect. In other words, a value is received and a value is yielded or parted with. Both effects, which are equal in amount, must be entered completely in the bookkeepi

29、ng records. 復(fù)式記賬的基本原理是每一項(xiàng)交易活動(dòng)都有雙重的影響。換言之，有一項(xiàng)金額收入就必然有一項(xiàng)金額支出，兩者金額相等必然完整記入賬簿。double-entry accounting system 復(fù)式記賬會(huì)計(jì)制度。即從兩個(gè)方面反映一項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)，在借貸兩方記錄相等的金額。在公元1300年，意大利北部城市首先使用復(fù)式記賬方法，1494年LPacioli所著的算術(shù)、幾何和比例概要一書，是闡述復(fù)式記賬法的第一本著作。復(fù)式記賬技術(shù)的產(chǎn)生在會(huì)計(jì)發(fā)展史上具有重大意義。復(fù)式記賬規(guī)則可以用會(huì)計(jì)恒等式來說明，即資產(chǎn)=負(fù)債+所有者權(quán)益。Notes Unit Twoaccounting conventi

30、ons 會(huì)計(jì)慣例。會(huì)計(jì)慣例指在長(zhǎng)期的會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)踐中逐漸形成的，為大家所接受的觀念、方法和程序。有時(shí)可與 principles, concepts, postulates, assumptions 通用。accounting practice 會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)務(wù)。會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)務(wù)是指會(huì)計(jì)人員在日常工作中所使用的會(huì)計(jì)程序和方法；或指會(huì)計(jì)人員在其日常工作中的習(xí)慣做法，有時(shí)可能有悖于理論。accounting equation 會(huì)計(jì)等式，會(huì)計(jì)平衡式，也稱 balance-sheet equation， 即資產(chǎn)=負(fù)債+ 所有者權(quán)益，是復(fù)式記賬方法的理論依據(jù)。Exercises Unit TwoAnswer the follo

31、wing questions.1. What are the accounting elements?2. How to describe the accounting equation?3. Some students believe debits are good and credits are bad. Is it right? Why? Exercises Unit TwoII. Term Study. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B.AB1. assets2. liabilities3. equ

32、ity or net assets4. investments by owners5. distributions to owners6. comprehensive income7. revenues8. expenses9. gains10. losses A. landB. losses from incidental transactions of an entityC. change in equity of an entity from transactions and circumstances from non-owner sourcesD. residual interest

33、 in the assets of an entityE. increases in equity from peripheral transactions of an entityF. notes payableG. salesH. interest paid to bankI. distributions of Cash dividends to ownersJ. services received as investments by owners Exercises Unit TwoIII. Decide whether the following statements are true

34、 (T) or false (F). ( ) 1. Liabilities are things owned by a business. ( ) 2. Accounts payable are examples of current liabilities. ( ) 3. Revenues increase owners equity. ( ) 4. Whenever an expense is incurred, the owners equity will be decreased. ( ) 5. If revenues exceed expenses for the same acco

35、unting period, the entity is deemed to suffer a loss. ( ) 6. A=L+O.E. is the basic accounting equation. FTFTTTExercises Unit Two( ) 7. When an owner invests cash in a business, the asset and owners equity increase. ( ) 8. A business should be understood as an entity that is separate and distinct fro

36、m its owners, customers, and creditors. ( ) 9. Collection of an account receivable will increase an asset and decrease a liability. FTTExercises Unit TwoIV. Cases. 1. Prepare the entry required for each of the following transactions.1) Shares of capital stock were issued for $24,000 cash.2) Issued c

37、onvertible bonds for cash up to $150,000 due within three years.3) Purchased $2,300 of land on account.4) Sold merchandise to a customer who agreed to pay within two months amounting to $18,000.5) Converted a bond payable $80,000 into common stock.6) Paid salaries of $4,000 for this month.7) Purchas

38、ed a truck for cash $5,000.8) Declared a cash dividend of $7,000.9) Paid off the accounts payable $9,300 arising from the purchase of supplies.10) Cash was received for sales of goods, $851,000.11) Collected the account receivable of $23,000.12) Paid advertising for this quarter, $10,000.Exercises U

39、nit Two2. Explain sets of debits and credits existing in the accounts below. There are 5 transactions to be explained. Each set is designated by the number to the left of the amount. Cash Land Accounts Receivable Notes Payable Salaries Expenses Sales(1)10,000(2)20,000(3)15,000(4) 9,000Bal. 6,000(3)

40、15,000Bal. 15,000(5) 60,000(1) 10,000Bal. 50,000(2) 20,000Bal. 20,000(4) 9,000Bal. 9,000(5) 60,000Bal. 60,000Exercises Unit Two3. Record the transactions directly in the T-accounts that follow, using the information given below. Tom has just begun a new small repairs business called the Wheelers Rep

41、air Shop, and the transactions completed by the business are as follows: 1)Mr. Wheeler sold a personal investment in Southem Cable stock for $1,921 and began his business by depositing $1,830 of the proceeds in a bank account opened in the name of the business. 2) Paid three months rent in advance o

42、n the shop space, $670. 3) Completed repair work for customers and collected cash therefore, $500. 4) Purchased additional repair equipment on credit from Comet Company, $420. 5) Completed repair work on credit for Fred Baca, $170. 6) Paid the local radio station $79 for an announcement of the shop

43、opening.Exercises Unit Two Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Rent Repair Equipment Accounts Payable Accounts PayableTom, Capital Tom, Withdrawals Repair Services Revenue Advertising ExpenseAccounting EnglishUnit ThreeLearning Objectives Unit Threeto understand economic events and business documents;t

44、o make journal entries;to post journal entries to ledgers;to prepare a trial balance;to describe the need for adjustment;to make adjusting entries.Warming-up Unit Three In a computerized accounting system, the software automatically records and posts transactions. The ledger and supporting records a

45、re maintained in computerized master files. In addition, a work sheet is normally not prepared. So the accounting process that begin with analyzing and journalizing transactions and ends with summarizing and reporting these transactions is called the accounting cycle.Vocabulary Unit Threemulti-stepa

46、ccounting cyclesummarizearbitrarilyjournalizejournalledgertrial balanceaccrual basisadjustment多步驟的會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán)概述任意地記賬日記賬分類賬試算平衡表權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制調(diào)整Notes Unit Threeaccounting period: 會(huì)計(jì)期間，亦稱fiscal period 。根據(jù)持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)假設(shè)，將不斷循環(huán)的經(jīng)營(yíng)過程劃分為適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間段落，而在每一段落結(jié)束時(shí)，辦理一次結(jié)算，這種劃分時(shí)間段落作為計(jì)算盈虧的時(shí)間單位，稱為會(huì)計(jì)期間。會(huì)計(jì)期間可以與日歷年度一致，也可以與日歷年度不一致。 Posting is the

47、process of copying journal entry information from the journal to the ledger. 過賬是將分錄信息從日記賬過入分類賬的過程。Notes Unit ThreeThe equality of debits and credits in the ledger is tested periodically by preparing a trial balance, which lists the balance in each account after the posting process has been completed

48、. 總分類賬的借貸平衡是通過定期編制試算平衡表來測(cè)試的，其中列出每個(gè)賬戶全部過賬后的余額。To measure income, businesses must apply accounting principles and concepts, such as the accounting period, accrual-basis accounting, the revenue principle, and the matching principle. 為了衡量收入，企業(yè)必須采用一些會(huì)計(jì)原則和概念，如會(huì)計(jì)期間、權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制、收入原則、配比原則等。Notes Unit ThreeAccrual-

49、basis accounting requires the accountant enters the transactions when the business performs a service or incurs and expense. The effect of every transaction is recorded when the transaction occurs, not just when cash is received or paid. The accrual-basis accounting is the more accurate and common m

50、ethod used. 權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制對(duì)基礎(chǔ)的會(huì)計(jì)要求在提供勞務(wù)和發(fā)生費(fèi)用時(shí)記錄經(jīng)濟(jì)交易。在交易發(fā)生時(shí)予以記錄而不論款項(xiàng)是否收付。權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制更加精確而且常用。Notes Unit ThreeGAAP: General Accepted Accounting Principle 一般公認(rèn)會(huì)計(jì)原則 1937年美國(guó)會(huì)計(jì)程序委員會(huì)（CAP）發(fā)表第一號(hào)會(huì)計(jì)研究公告，開創(chuàng)了由政府機(jī)關(guān)或行業(yè)組織頒布“一般通用會(huì)計(jì)”的先河。 一般通用會(huì)計(jì)原則是指適用于各個(gè)不同行業(yè)的企業(yè)的，包括從會(huì)計(jì)的基本概念、基本假設(shè)等基本原理到具體會(huì)計(jì)計(jì)量和編制財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的程序及方法的規(guī)定。通常一個(gè)國(guó)家的會(huì)計(jì)體系就是指一般通用會(huì)計(jì)。 一般可以分

51、為國(guó)際性和區(qū)域性的，如美國(guó)的叫US GAAP，中國(guó)的就是2006年新頒布的會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則，一般由專門的會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)制定balance sheet: 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 反映特定時(shí)日財(cái)務(wù)狀況的報(bào)表，反映資產(chǎn)總額等于負(fù)債總額加所有者權(quán)益的平衡關(guān)系，是主要的會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表之一。Exercises Unit ThreeI . Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.( )1.Journal entries are made before they have been enter

52、ed into the ledger accounts. ( ) 2.The posting reference column of a journal or ledger should not be empty until posting is done. ( ) 3.The equality of a trial balance means that there are no error made in the previous accounting procedures. ( ) 4.The trial balance would locate the following error:

53、A machine was purchased for cash but instead of crediting Cash, the credit was made to Accounts Receivable. ( ) 5.Steps 1-3 in the accounting cycle are completed at the end of each accounting period. TFTFFExercises Unit ThreeII . Choose the best answer.1. Traylor Company paid $2,850 on account. The

54、effect of this transaction on the accounting equation is to _. A.Decrease assets and decrease owners equity B.Increase liabilities and decrease owners equity C.Have no effect on total assets D.Decrease assets and decrease liabilities2. Note Payable has a normal beginning balance of $30,000. During t

55、he period, new borrowings total $63,000 and the ending balance in Note Payable is $41,000. Determine the payments on loans during the period. _. A.$74,000 B.$52,000 C.$134,000 D.Can not be determined from the information givenExercises Unit Three3. Which of these is (are) an example of an asset acco

56、unt? _. A.Cash B.Accounts receivable C.Investments D.All of the above4. Which of these statements is false? _. A.Increases in assets and increase in revenues are recorded with a debit B.Increases in liabilities and increases in owners equity are recorded with a credit C.Increases in both assets and

57、expenses are recorded with a debit D.Decreases in liabilities and increases in expenses are recorded with a debitExercises Unit Three5. The ending Cash account balance is $57,600. During the period, cash receipts equal $124,300. If the cash payments during the period total $135,100, then the beginni

58、ng Cash amount must have _. A.$68,400 B.$46,800 C.$181,900 D.Cannot be determined from the information givenExercises Unit ThreeIII. Case.Mike Cruse completed these transactions during April of the current year.Apr. 1 Began an engineering firm by investing cash, $15,000; drafting supplies, $700; and

59、 office and drafting equipment, $8,500. 2 Prepaid two months rent in advance on suitable office space, $2,100. 3 Paid the annual premium on an insurance policy taken out in the name of the business, $1,400. 4 Purchased drafting equipment, $580, and drafting supplies, $90, on credit. 9 Delivered a se

60、t of plans to a contractor and collected $3,000 cash in full payment. 15 Paid the draftsmans salary, $960. 16 Completed and delivered a set of plans to the City of Camden on credit, $7,800.Exercises Unit Three18 Purchased drafting supplies on credit, $40.19 Paid for the equipment and supplies purcha