1、高考英語一輪復習語法練習：情態動詞和虛擬語氣情態動詞是每年高考的熱點也是難點，每年單項填空題必考一題。考點集中在：情態動詞表示推測的基本用法及區別；情態動詞否定式的用法辨析：“情態動詞+have done”的用法區別等。虛擬語氣在高考命題中不是重點，但是難點。考點常集中在含蓄條件句以及主語、賓語從句等特定句型中虛擬語氣的使用上，因此考生應熟練掌握含蓄條件句中主從句的時態要求以及一些典型句型中虛擬語氣的具體形式。虛擬語氣考點透析 考點一、虛擬語氣的基本用法 1.與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結構為：主語+動詞的一般過去時（be動詞用were）+其他成分+if+should/would/could

2、.+動詞原形+其他成分。例如： If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not 解析 句意為：如果不是因為她不會唱歌的事實，我會邀請她來參加那次聚會的。that從句為同位語從句，描述的是事實，用陳述語氣。正確答案為C。 2.與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結構為：主語+動詞的過去完成時+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+have done+其他成分。例如： If the weather ha

3、d been better，we could have had a it _ all day. A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining 解析 句意為：如果天氣好的話，我們是能夠去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陳述的是與過去事實相反的事情，所以用了虛擬語氣。“下了一天的雨”是事實，所以用陳述語氣。因為是發生在過去的事實，所以正確答案為A。 3.與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結構為：主語+動詞的一般過去時/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+動詞原形+其他成分。例如： If I _

4、plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to 解析 句意為：如果我能夠計劃做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且盡可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是與將來事實相反的事情，所以正確答案為B。 考點二、含蓄虛擬條件句 這樣的虛擬句不含有if從句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引導的句子代替if從句，主句的謂語動詞的形式與前面虛擬語氣的基本用法相同。例如：

5、Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you. A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed 解析 由語境可知這里要表達的意思是：如果沒有你們辛勤的工作，我們不可能處理好這件事。很顯然，這是對過去發生的事實的虛擬，所以要用could have done，故應選B。 考點三、主從句時間不一致的虛擬條件句 在有些虛擬條件句中，主從句時間不一致，應根據不同情況區別對待。例如： Its hard for m

6、e to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 解析 句意為：如果不是我在七歲時愛上家鄉的Melinda Cox圖書館的話，很難想象今天的我會是什么樣子。主句描述的是與現在事實相反的事情，從句描述的是與過去事實相反的事情。正確答案為B。 考點四、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

7、在含有表示堅持、建議、命令、要求等含義的名詞性從句和在it做形式賓語或形式主語的復合句中，賓語補足語是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“驚奇、惋惜或者理應如此”等含義時，從句中的謂語動詞需用“should+動詞原形”，其中should可以省略。例如： Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to. A.will not be sent；that B

8、.not be sent；that C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what 解析 問句句意為：難道你不認為必須把他送到邁阿密而不是紐約嗎？句子表示理應如此的意思。正確答案為B。 情態動詞考點透析考點一、情態動詞基本含義的考查 情態動詞的基本含義，一直是高考考查的重要內容。例如： 1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 解析：考查情態動詞的基本含義。h

9、ad to：不得不； would：表示意愿或過去常常；could傾向于表示經過長期訓練而獲得的能力；was able to 表示經過努力而能夠做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是C。 分析：高考對情態動詞基本含義的考查，仍然集中在常用的情態動詞上。對常用情態動詞的含義，要掌握的既準確又要全面，特別是shall, should, can, may 四個常用情態動詞的含義較多，不易理解，復習時應當引起重視。二、情態動詞表示推測的考查 對情態動詞表示推測的用法，是高考考查情態動詞的一個重要方面。例如： 1. Sorry, Im late. I_have turned off the alarm c

10、lock and gone back to sleep again . A. might B. should C. can D. will 解析：might have done : (過去)可能做過某事；shouldhave done :本應該做某事。根據本句提供的情境Im late 表明說話人可能把鬧鐘關上了。答案是：A。 分析：高考對表示推測的情態動詞集中在must, can, could, may, might上，準確掌握它們使用的場合，是解決問題的關鍵。Must 用于肯定陳述句，表示肯定推測；can, could用于疑問或否定陳述句，表示可能性推測；may, might用于陳述句，表示

11、可能性推測；用于否定陳述句中，cant （不可能）的語氣比may not（可能不）強。此外，還要注意有對過去和對現在兩種情況的推測,對過去推測用情態動詞+have done ，對現在推測用情態動詞+ 動詞原形。 三、情態動詞表示虛擬的考查 情態動詞have+過去分詞表示與過去事實上相反的情況，也是高考單項選擇題涉及到情態動詞的一個重要方面。 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You_come, but why didnt you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have

12、 解析：ought to have done 表示本來應該做某事而實際沒做，should do 表示現在應該做某事，與題中 at yesterdays party 表示的時間不一致。所以選D。 分析：高考對情態動詞表示虛擬用法，表示與過去事實相反的情況。近幾年高考，主要側重should （not）have done 這一句式上，表示本來不該做卻做了或本來該做卻未做的事，在復習時，還應關注其它幾種虛擬形式，如need (not)have done 表示本來需要做而未做或本來不需要而做的事等等，以做到有備無患。 考點四、情態動詞與助動詞混合考查1.Tom ,you didnt come to th

13、e party last night? I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do . A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt 解析：had to:不得不；didnt:沒來；was going to：打算來；wouldnt:不愿來。句意：湯姆，昨晚你沒來參加舞會嗎？我本打算來，但我突然記起有作業要做。But是關鍵詞，所以答案是：C。 2.Your phone number again? I_quite catch it . Its . A. didnt B. couldnt C. do

14、nt D. cant 解析：記住電話號碼并非難事，未完全聽清楚電話號碼并非能力的事，此處只是說沒有完全聽清楚電話號碼，所以，應選A。【精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案 1. “I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “Its time you _.” A. do B. did C. had D. would2. If I hadnt been lucky enough to meet you. I really _ what I would have done. A. dont know B. hadnt known C. wasnt

15、 knowing D. wouldnt know3. “Ive told everyone about it.” “Oh, Id rather you _.” A. dont B. hadnt C. couldnt D. wouldnt4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadnt rained, we _ there by tomorrow. A. cant get B. wont get C. hadnt got D. wouldnt get5. “Do you know his address？” “No, I als

16、o wish I _ where he _.” A. knew, live B. knew, lives C. know, lives D. know, lived6. “Isnt it about time you _ to do morning exercises？” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us？” A. begin B. have begun C. began D. had begun7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at

17、 the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored9. If only he _ quietly as th

18、e doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie10. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 11. I forget where I

19、 read the article, or I _ it to you now. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. will showB. would show C. am going to showD. am showing12. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _.” A. Hed better give up drinking B. He shouldnt have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is alw

20、ays doing so13. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _ you if you had so high a fever.”A. do B. are C. will D. would14. “He will come tomorrow.” “But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.”A. will come B. is comingC. came D. had come15. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and th

21、at he _ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. was; should be operatedD. was; be operated on 16. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given up B. Had he given up w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mC. Did he give D. If he gave up17. “I still havent thanked Aunt Lu

22、cy for her present.” “Its time you _.”A. do B. did C. had D. would18. “Do you know his address？” “No, I also wish I _ where he _.”A. knew, live B. knew, lives w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mC. know, lives D. know, lived19. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of se

23、ven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall20. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ for us to live.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen col

24、d D. can freeze coldly 21._ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be22.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would23.Excuse me. But I wan

25、t to use your computer to type a report.You _have my computer if you dont take care of it . A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt24. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant 25. I _ have been more than six years

26、 old when the accident happened. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt 26. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 27. I was on the highway when this car went past fol. Lowed by a police

27、 car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 28. Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be 29. Catherine, I have clean

28、ed the room for you. Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done 30. Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 【答案與解析】 1.【解析】選B.Its time you did 為 Its time

29、you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英語語法，its time 后從句通常要用過去式。2. 【解析】選A.雖然前有虛擬條件句, 后有使用了虛擬語氣的賓語，但 I dont know 卻宜用一般現在時，因為 I dont know 表述的是現在的真實情況，句意為“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知（指現在不知）我會做出什么蠢事來”。 3. 【解析】選B.Id rather 后接從句時，從句謂語的時態規律是：用過去式表示現在或將來，用過去完成式表示過去。4. 【解析】選A.we cant get there by tomorrow 為客觀事實，故宜用陳述

30、語氣。5.【解析】選B.第一空填 knew，因為 I wish 后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣（即用過去式表示現在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陳述語氣，因為 where he lives 是一個客觀事實，而不是 I wish 的內容。 6.【解析】選C.Its time / Its high time / Its about time 等后接從句時，從句謂語通常用過去式。7. 【解析】選 B.此題涉及錯綜時間虛擬條件句，主句與現在事實相反，條件句與過去事實相反。句意為：要不是在七歲時就迷上了 Melinda Cox 圖書館，我真不能想像我如今會在做什么。8.【解析】8. 選 D.這是othe

31、rwise 引出的含蓄虛擬語氣，再根據前面的 hesitated 可進一步知道這是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，由此可推知答案選 D. 9. 【解析】選 C.if only 意為“要是就好了”，其后的句子謂語要用虛擬語氣，同時根據 as the doctor instructed 中的過去時態可知從句是與過去事實相反，故選 C. 10. 【解析】選 A.without 引出的介詞短語為一個與現在事實相反的含蓄條件句。【答案】C 11. 【解析】.根據上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didnt forget where I read the article（要是

32、我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話但事實上忘了）。【答案】B 12.【解析】關鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D. 【答案】 D.13. 【解析】 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣（這是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應選D. 【答案】D14. 【解析】按照英語習慣，would rather 后接that 從句時，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式表示現在或將來，用過去完成時表示過去。w.w.w.

33、k.s.5.u.c.o.m【答案】C 15. 【解析】insist后的從句謂語有時用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，有時不用，具體要看該謂語動詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣；若該謂語動詞所表示的動作已經發生，或已經成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選D最合適。【答案】D 16. 【解析】是因為時態前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對過去事實作出的假設，所以從句謂語應該是 had given up，而不是像D項那樣用一般過去時。另外，當虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時，通常可以省略 if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。【答案】B 17. 【解析】Its time you did 為 Its time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英語語法，its time 后從句通常要用過去式。【答案】B 18. 【解析】第一空填 knew，因為 I wish 后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣（即用過去式表示現在的想法）；第二空要填l