1、Basic TelecommunicationsVocabulary, concepts, more “bullet proofing”Touch on just a few basic pointsessentials of technology and where its goingessentials of regulation and where its goingRaise for discussion certain management issues1Basic Telecom Terms and Concepts, 1Transmission facilitiesTwisted

2、 pairCoaxial cableMicrowaveSatelliteFiber opticsWirelessSignalingAnalog-continuousDigital-discrete2Basic Telecom Terms and Concepts, 2Analog signalingAM, FM, etc.LimitationsError correctionEncryptionDigital signalingComputer friendlyFacilitatesError correctionEncryptionFits with fiber optic transmis

3、sion facilities“The way the world is going”Modems“Modulator-demodulator”A to D and D to ABecause the voice network is analogAt the handset3Basic Telecom Terms and Concepts, 3SwitchingThe cloudThe cloud is expensiveSwitching makes better use of the cloudKinds of switchingCircuit switchingMessage swit

4、chingPacket switchingAnd the InternetAnd ATMBroadcastingCellular4Basic Telecom Terms and Concepts, 4Voice networksRBOCsOther local telcosLong distance carriersCable companies?Data networksLANWANetc.Often (usually) use voice network transmission facilitiesCable TV networksMicrosoft and $1 billion/yr

5、R&D on the set top box5Where Do Networks Come From?Long distance carriersAT&T, MCI, Sprint, etc.“Common carriers”VANsAnd the InternetThe Internet and ISPsPrivate networks6Telecom Standards and RegulationVoice network regulation (U.S.A.)1934-19811982-presentRBOCs etc.-local loop provider regulated, b

6、ut less so under the Telcom Act of 1996Long distance: largely unregulatedData communications?Basically, anything goesBut whose transmission facilities are used?Largely: from the voice networksVoice networksInterconnected world-wideStandardsLegal requirementsData networks? Cable?Recent (de)regulatory

7、 actions7The InternetThe worlds first network for making data callsNB telexHistory and cultureARPA net, nuclear attackNSF net and the open communityGovernanceDesign policiesSimple protocols (e.g., TCP/IP)Public and openContinuing rapid growthElectronic commerceConsumer-orientedBusiness-to-businessUs

8、er base growing beyond “young male nerds”Cost of use?8The Last Mile ProblemWhat it isPossible solutionsUpgrades of existing plantCableFiber opticsWirelessThe competitive scene TODAYCable companies (and Microsoft)DSL and the telcos (and Microsoft)Other telcosWhy is the computer industry mucking in th

9、e last mile problem?Prognostications?9The Protocols Problem(s)Important concept: layered architectures for telecommunications OSI reference model, 7 layersAlso important for software in generalAbstraction as a way of handling complexityImportance of standardizationde jurede factoInternet?Development

10、 of standards to dateTelephonyData communicationsAnd the InternetFor electronic commerce? IncompleteManagerial/decision issues?10Further Issues for DiscussionOutsourcing of network provision and managementOptionsManagement issuesImagine you are about to receive a sales callCommitment to standardsWhi

11、ch ones?Who to believe, trust, or bet on?Assuming AAA networks (the Internet on steroids),Productivity opportunities? (and what will it take to realize them)Industrial-organizational consequences?11This slide unintentionallyleft blank12Computer Mediated Communication (CMC): 1TelexA world-wide teleco

12、mmunications systemUp and running for 100 yearsDigital signalingTelephoneA world-wide telecommunications systemUp and running for 50 yearsIsnt this enough?Whats missing?13CMC: 2Telephones are everywhere. From an arbitrary telephone you can call nearly any other telephone.Computers are . all over.From an arbitrary computer, why cant you make a data call to nearly any other computer?Data communications is inherently easier (in many ways) than voice communication.So why cant you make those data calls?14CMC: 3Increasingly, you can make those data callsAnd theres a lot of great stuff out there