1、互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用楊滔軟件開發(fā)架構(gòu)師軟件開發(fā)架構(gòu)師開發(fā)合作部開發(fā)合作部微軟微軟( (中國中國) )有限公司有限公司日程挑戰(zhàn)與機遇Web Service互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)通向 Indigo挑戰(zhàn)與機遇孤立的應(yīng)用難以解決所有的問題應(yīng)用孤島在不同應(yīng)用中，很多商業(yè)概念是相似的孤立的應(yīng)用無法實現(xiàn)商業(yè)實體和商業(yè)邏輯的重用孤立的應(yīng)用在商業(yè)流程中設(shè)置了人為的邊界一個典型商業(yè)過程通常是需要涉及多個應(yīng)用不同的商業(yè)過程需要不同的商業(yè)應(yīng)用的不同組合挑戰(zhàn)與機遇孤立的應(yīng)用難以解決所有的問題 （續(xù)）應(yīng)用通常缺乏靈活性“Monolithic” 設(shè)計和用戶以及IT之間的脫節(jié)孤立的應(yīng)用在設(shè)計時沒有考慮到和其他應(yīng)用的集

2、成挑戰(zhàn)與機遇用戶今天所面對的問題新舊系統(tǒng)的混雜新系統(tǒng)可能需要利用舊系統(tǒng)舊系統(tǒng)可能需要利用新系統(tǒng)異構(gòu)系統(tǒng)不同的平臺、開發(fā)技術(shù)、開發(fā)商、版本等等不可避免的需要改變新的商業(yè)機會新的技術(shù)互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用回應(yīng)了今天互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用回應(yīng)了今天的商業(yè)環(huán)境對商業(yè)應(yīng)用的挑戰(zhàn)和的商業(yè)環(huán)境對商業(yè)應(yīng)用的挑戰(zhàn)和要求要求挑戰(zhàn)與機遇互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用的機遇彈性彈性系統(tǒng)外部系統(tǒng)外部和用戶以及供應(yīng)商的集成和用戶以及供應(yīng)商的集成多種設(shè)備多種設(shè)備的支持的支持實時操作實時操作不同系統(tǒng)不同系統(tǒng)的互操作的互操作 靈活性靈活性數(shù)據(jù)集成數(shù)據(jù)集成全方位的全方位的企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)視圖企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)視圖日程挑戰(zhàn)與機遇Web Service互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用

3、面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)通向 IndigoContractWeb Service什么是Web Service? ServiceStateLogicMessage 1Message 2WebBrowserWeb Service Web Service 之前的Internet Thin ClientsHTML UserInterfaceBusinessLogicDatabaseCompany AHTMLWebBrowserWeb Service 有了Web Service的Internet Thin ClientsHTML UserInterfaceBusinessLogicDatabaseCompany

4、ASOAPHTML UserInterfaceBusinessLogicDatabaseCompany BHTMLWebBrowserWeb Service 更多類型的客戶端HTML UserInterfaceBusinessLogicDatabaseHTML UserInterfaceBusinessLogicDatabaseCompany ACompany BSOAPSOAPWeb Service技術(shù)上自然的演變Function Component Service服務(wù)由消息, 組件和數(shù)據(jù)組成服務(wù)中，私有數(shù)據(jù)被完全封裝消息是服務(wù)對外交換信息的唯一方式FunctionsComponentsSe

5、rvices allow for a loosely-coupled relationship;Components are muchmore intimateServicePrivateDataWeb Service如何實現(xiàn)松耦合?確認(rèn)客戶端和應(yīng)用必須要共享的信息共享服務(wù)的接口的細(xì)節(jié)AgreementContract避免共享服務(wù)的實現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)操作系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用邊界編程語言對象模型數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)Web Service松耦合的優(yōu)點松耦合增加市場的機會降低集成的費用允許應(yīng)用或者客戶端獨立的改變可以實現(xiàn)多種客戶端可以實現(xiàn)多種服務(wù)Web service有助于實現(xiàn)松耦合當(dāng)是僅僅使用Web service，并不意味著就

6、實現(xiàn)松耦合Web Service顆粒度最適合于服務(wù)的工作單元是多大？必須和商業(yè)行為保持一致考慮到使用服務(wù)時不確定的等待時間考慮到使用服務(wù)時對網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬的要求大顆粒度較少的消息交換減少契約改變的可能性增加松耦合Web Service Web Services 的誕生XML的出現(xiàn)通過可擴展性實現(xiàn)靈活性元數(shù)據(jù) XML SchemaXML的中立性開發(fā)商, 平臺, 語言, 網(wǎng)絡(luò)Internet用戶可以隨時隨地訪問InternetInternet連接任何兩個地方用戶對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的日益熟悉Web ServiceWeb Service 作為一個不斷演化的過程現(xiàn)存的技術(shù)Distributed object system

7、sCOM, CORBA, EJBRemote procedure calls (RPC)Electronic document interchange (EDI)新的期望簡易的部署互操作性基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)交換Web Service基本W(wǎng)eb Service SOAP Over a NetworkXML 協(xié)議在整個通道內(nèi)強大的消息處理例如： 復(fù)雜的消息路由等等.SOAP 的可擴展性完全的靈活，可以描述真實的商業(yè)流程和實體傳輸層中立HTTP, SMTP, TCP, UDP, MSMQ, In-processWeb Service基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的消息傳遞Web Service形成了消息傳遞的整體框架開放協(xié)議對

8、于互操作性是一個關(guān)鍵核心的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)建立工業(yè)界正在努力為完善架構(gòu)而制定其余的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Microsoft is a thought leader規(guī)范由不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織確定W3C, IETF, OASISConnectedApplicationsWeb ServiceWeb Services Architecture (WSA)SecurityReliableMessagingTransactions MessagingXML MetadataP2PEAIB2BSmartClientManagementBusinessProcessDevicesMobileApplications& Appli

9、cationInfrastructureFoundationTransportsHTTPTCPSMTPIn-processWeb Service WSA的特色SecurityReliableMessagingTransactions Messaging MetadataXMLSecurityReliableMessagingTransactions MessagingXML Metadata元數(shù)據(jù)元數(shù)據(jù) Service description Policy DiscoveryXML Data Schema Interoperability消息交換消息交換Functional data Oper

10、ational data Address services & resources Attach binary data可靠的消息交換可靠的消息交換 Guaranteed delivery In order processing Idempotency安全安全 Encryption Authentication Authorization Non-repudiation Federation Trust事務(wù)事務(wù) Coordinated activity Atomic transaction Business activity日程挑戰(zhàn)與機遇Web Service互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用面向服務(wù)

11、的架構(gòu)通向 Indigo互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用應(yīng)用和服務(wù)的連接互連應(yīng)用使用在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的各種服務(wù)中應(yīng)用邏輯和數(shù)據(jù)互聯(lián)應(yīng)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用互聯(lián)應(yīng)用的例子ConnectedApplicationsP2PEAIB2BSmartClientManagementBusinessProcessDevicesMobilePeer-to-peerEnterprise Application IntegrationBusiness IntegrationSmart ClientDevicesMobileWeb servicesManagementBusiness Process(Your service he

12、re)互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用智能客戶端應(yīng)用一類特定的互聯(lián)應(yīng)用結(jié)合胖客戶端和瘦客戶端的優(yōu)點支持偶爾連接的工作場景支持自動部署和更新Microsoft OfficeArchetype of a Smart ClientPlatform for building Smart Clients日程挑戰(zhàn)與機遇Web Service互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)通向 Indigo面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)商業(yè)需求和IT設(shè)施面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)Information Technology信息架構(gòu)信息架構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)訪問模型應(yīng)用程序庫應(yīng)用程序庫開發(fā)模型技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu) SchematizationConstraints

13、Process FlowsConstraints SLAsConstraints 信息要求信息要求功能要求功能要求運行要求運行要求商業(yè)架構(gòu)商業(yè)架構(gòu)面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)對于開發(fā)人員： its a means for creating dynamic collaborative applications. 對于IT經(jīng)理：its a means for effectively integrating the diverse systems typical of modern enterprise data centers. 對于 CIO

14、： its a means for protecting existing IT investments without inhibiting the deployment of new capabilities. 對于業(yè)務(wù)分析員： its a means of bringing information technology investments more in line with business strategy. 實體服務(wù)流程服務(wù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施服務(wù)客戶端和代理活動服務(wù)面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)架構(gòu)概述ServicesMessage ExchangePatterndescribeOperationalRe

15、quirementsenforceStatemanageApplicationscomposed ofMessagesexchangeis a set ofContractsbound bycontainSchemasdefine structure ofgoverned byPolicieshave面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)關(guān)鍵概念 Services and consumers are independently versioned, deployed, operated, and secured.Services are autonomousData never includes behavior;

16、Objects with data and behavior are a local phenomenon.Share schema & contract, not classCapabilities and requirements represented by a unique public name; Used to establish service suitability.Compatibility based on policyDevelopers opt-in to consuming, exposing, and defining public-facing servi

17、ce faade.Boundaries are Explicit面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)4大特點面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)向面向服務(wù)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)變面向功能的一成不變的拖得很長的開發(fā)周期面向流程的 靈活的遞增的開發(fā)和部署孤立的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)緊耦合面向?qū)ο蟮膶崿F(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)公開互連的解決方案松耦合面向消息的抽象的接口面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)相關(guān)技術(shù)CLRApplicationCLRRemotingBizTalkCRMERPConnectorsASMXSOAPClientsWeb ServicesEnterpriseServices“Through Web services, the integration with our partners

18、 and customers became a lot easier and faster.”General Motors“Since we need to interoperate between varieties of systems, the use of technology standards within our organization and by our partners is vital to our success.”Nationwide Insurance“Web services enabled us to leverage our existing clinica

19、l repositories. This is one of the greatest benefits of building the solution using Web services.”M.D. AndersonService-Oriented Architecture Web Services Delivering on Customer Needs日程挑戰(zhàn)與機遇Web Service互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和互聯(lián)應(yīng)用面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)通向 Indigo通向 IndigoWeb Service的浪潮ASP.NET 1.0/1.1 基本的Web ServiceIndigo 通過面向服務(wù)的模型統(tǒng)一所有的通

20、訊 更好的編程和定義模型 運行環(huán)境 Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 and Longhorn 最初的版本在Whidbey后發(fā)布 最終的版本不晚于Longhorn 和最終版本的WSE保持互操作 將發(fā)布從WSE遷移到Indigo的技術(shù)白皮書LonghornNext version of Windows (WinFX)Whidbey.NET FX 2.0.NET.NET FX 1.0/1.1WSE 初步實現(xiàn)了WSA 的規(guī)范 置于 ASP.NET之上ASP.NET 2.0 實現(xiàn)所有成熟的WSA規(guī)范 和.NET Framework的基類庫的集成 增強的編程模型通向 Ind

21、igo 今天就開始關(guān)注構(gòu)建和運行互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)的一組.NET技術(shù)強大的消息引擎簡化服務(wù)的構(gòu)建可擴展的編程模型通向 Indigo Longhorn 架構(gòu) Longhorn的三大支柱Base Operating System ServicesCLRTransactionsStorageProtocolsNetwork ServicesKernel ModeBase Class LibrariesMemory ManagerHosting LayerCode ExecutionLoaderSecuritySerializationLightweightTransactionsTransactionCoor

22、dinatorKernelTransactionManagerLoggingServiceKernelHardware Abstraction LayerProcessManagerSecurityReference MonitorLPCFacilityMemoryManagerPowerManagerConfigManagerPlug andPlayTransactedNTFSCache ManagerUniversalData FormatFilterEngineTPC, UDPIPV4, IPV6IPSECQOSHTTPListenerInternet Connection Firewa

23、llDemand Activation and Protocol HealthPNRPNativeWiFiSIPTCP ListenerUDP ListenerIPC ListenerNetwork Class LibraryGDI/GDI+WindowManagerGlobalAudio EngineDirectXGraphicsGraphics driversDDIInputManagerAudioDriversDirectX GraphicsMini portRedirectorsSCSI/FC802.3802.11.Device DriversManagementPresentatio

24、nDataCommunicationWinFSIndigoWindows FormsAvalonASP.NETObjectSpacesDataSetSQL XMLProvidersFrameworkServicesSchemasData ModelADO.NETConnectivitySynchronization(WinFS, Win32.)InfoAgent(PreferenceRules.)FileSystem Services(MetaDataHandlers.)CalendarMediaDocumentItemsRelationshipsExtensionsCommunication

25、s Manager (Port)Messaging ServicesTransport Channels(IPC, HTTP, TCP)IO ManagerChannels (Datagram, Reliable, Peer, )Policy EngineMessageEncoderChannelSecurityQueuingEventingRoutingTransactionDesktop ServicesDesktop WindowManagerPresentation Object ManagerDesktop Composition EngineAnimation andComposi

26、tionMedia ServicesHardware RenderingMediaProcessingCapture and SourcingSoftware Renderingand SinksAdaptive UIEnginePage/SiteCompositionPersonalization andProfiling ServicesMembership and Security ServicesDesigner ServicesControls Interop EngineControlsWindows FormsApplicationServicesApplication Depl

27、oymentEngine (Click-Once)PeopleGroupIdentity &SecuritySystemCollaborationPeople andGroupsCollaborationHistoryReal-TimeActivitiesSignalingFederationSystem ServicesFAT 16/32FilterManagerDistributedFile SystemBackup /RestoreFile ReplicationServiceVirtual DiskServiceModelsServiceObjectT/SQLXMLDocume

28、ntUIMedia通向 Indigo Indigo 架構(gòu) 通訊的支柱ConnectorCommunications Manager (Port)Transport Channels(IPC, HTTP, TCP)Channels (Datagram, Reliable, Peer, )Policy EngineMessageEncoderChannelSecurityService ModelHosting EnvironmentsInstance ManagerContext ManagerTypeIntegrationServiceMethodsDeclarativeBehaviorsTransactedMethodsASP.NET.container.exeNT ServiceDllHostMessaging ServicesSystem ServicesQueuingRoutingEventingTransaction Federation Side-by-side co-existence with existi