1、1高考閱讀理解常見題型高考閱讀理解常見題型1. Details 細節理解題細節理解題2. Guess meaning 猜測詞義題猜測詞義題3. Main ideas 主旨大意題主旨大意題4. Inference & judgment 推理判斷題推理判斷題 2How To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意題如何做主旨大意題?3主旨大意題的特征及設題主旨大意題的特征及設題這類試題要求對文章的整體或局部（如段落）進這類試題要求對文章的整體或局部（如段落）進行分析、概括，歸納相關部分的中心大意行分析、概括，歸納相關部分的中心大意(Main idea)，選擇標題，選擇標題(title)

2、，判斷作者的寫作目的，判斷作者的寫作目的(purpose)等，旨在考查考生等，旨在考查考生加工與濃縮信息的加工與濃縮信息的能力能力。這一項考查的是文章的靈魂與中心。記敘。這一項考查的是文章的靈魂與中心。記敘文、議論文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意文、議論文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出現在文章的開頭，有時也出現在結尾。當然常出現在文章的開頭，有時也出現在結尾。當然更重要的是從全文去把握。更重要的是從全文去把握。4常見設問方式有：常見設問方式有：(1)The subject/topic of the article is (2)Which of the following best ex

3、presses the main idea of the passage?(3)What does the passage/author mainly discuss?(4)Whats the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?(5)Which of the following is the best title of the passage?5如何做主旨大意題如何做主旨大意題 做此類題目時做此類題目時 首先，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，首先，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一

4、個反因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓復出現的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 第二，要搞清是問第二，要搞清是問某一段某一段還是還是全文全文的大意。的大意。可利用段落信息來把握文脈，進行綜合歸納，可利用段落信息來把握文脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標題，標題中的蘊含的信概括文章的主題。如有標題，標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。息往往是關鍵信息。6 第三第三: 要學會借助文章的結構來把握中心思想。要學會借助文章的結構來把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主題句段落中心思想常常由主

5、題句( Topic sentence)來表來表達。達。主題句常常出現在段首主題句常常出現在段首(60%-90%)或段尾處或段尾處, 有時也在段落中間。有時也在段落中間。同樣同樣, 一篇文章的中心思想一篇文章的中心思想也常常在開始段或結尾段點出。也常常在開始段或結尾段點出。因此因此, 在閱讀中在閱讀中, 我們要對文章的開始段和結尾段及段落的主題句我們要對文章的開始段和結尾段及段落的主題句給予特別的注意。給予特別的注意。7How To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意題如何做主旨大意題?1詞匯詞匯2段落段落3篇章篇章81詞匯詞匯Catch the key words.9How t

6、o get the main idea of a paragraph?2 段落段落Get to know the types!101 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For examp

7、le, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?11 Boston- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paint

8、ings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美國聯邦調查局美國聯邦調查局) and the museum officials said. The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan William Bobinson, of Hardva

9、rd Univercitys Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.” Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?A. A Theft Took Place in Boston B. Artworks stolen by ThievesC. Major Works D. Investigation into the theft擴大概念擴大概念斷章取義斷章取義無中生有無中生有 似是而非似是而非12 Type One 開門見山！開門見山！即提出主題即提出主題

10、, 隨之用細節來隨之用細節來解釋解釋, 支撐或發展主題句所表達支撐或發展主題句所表達的主題思想。是英語中最常見的的主題思想。是英語中最常見的演繹法演繹法寫作方式。寫作方式。 小小 結結132 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his ow

11、n weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance分清分清supporting sentences 和和main idea 14 Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of

12、the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精確), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity (自動). The paragraph mainly tells us _. A. what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acquired (獲得) C. how a child learns to

13、walk D. how an athlete is trained.15 Type Two 段末點晴段末點晴先表述細節先表述細節, 后歸納要點結后歸納要點結論論, 概括主題。概括主題。這是英語中最常見的這是英語中最常見的歸納法歸納法寫作方式。寫作方式。 小小 結結16 3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However,

14、when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisem

15、ent, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buyer BewareB. Closeout(出清存貨) Sale C. Crime Pays D. Buying a TV Set 17 You dream each night, even though yo

16、u may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy. Q: What does the passage mainly tells?A. Ho

17、w people stay healthy B. Why sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams偷梁換柱偷梁換柱擴大概念擴大概念斷章取義斷章取義 18 Type Three 段中點旨段中點旨先表述細節先表述細節, 后歸納要點后歸納要點, 然然后再進一步闡述主題。但后面的后再進一步闡述主題。但后面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發展表述往往有進一步的引申或發展的意味，而不是簡單的重復。的意味，而不是簡單的重復。 小小 結結19 4 Tom studied four years

18、 at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main

19、 idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom re

20、ceived an excellent education.detaildetaildetail20 Type Four 無主題句無主題句 即主題句隱含在全文中即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒有明確的主沒有明確的主題句題句. 必須根據文篇中所必須根據文篇中所提供的事實細節，提供的事實細節，進行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同進行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過于寬既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過于寬泛，要恰如其分。泛，要恰如其分。 小小 結結21Types Of Paragraph Struc

21、turesAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentence22d e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea23了解文體特征了解文體特征調整閱讀策略調整閱讀策略提高閱讀效率提高閱讀效率 24 語篇結構知識規律表明，英文中不同的語篇結構知識規律表明，英文中不同的文體都有不同的寫作方法和表達方式，文體都有不同的寫作方法和表達方式，辨別體裁辨別體裁，往往使閱讀更帶有針對性，往往使閱讀更帶有針對性，明確各種體裁的不同特點，閱讀時才會明確各種體裁的不同特點，閱讀時才會心中有數，做到各個擊破。心中

22、有數，做到各個擊破。 歷年高考的閱讀文章不外乎記敘文、歷年高考的閱讀文章不外乎記敘文、應用文、科研文章、新聞報道、議論應用文、科研文章、新聞報道、議論文和說明文幾種文和說明文幾種 25 記敘文應采用記敘文應采用“七七W”導讀法導讀法(when/who/whose/which/where/what/why), 找出對應要點，確定議論找出對應要點，確定議論段落，文章要義八九不離十段落，文章要義八九不離十 應用文應用文, 如廣告等如廣告等, 應采用測試題應采用測試題導讀法，依考查之問題逐一從文中導讀法，依考查之問題逐一從文中尋到答案，可得事半功倍之效；尋到答案，可得事半功倍之效； 26 議論文、說明

23、文則用主題句導讀，議論文、說明文則用主題句導讀，文章結構主旨了然于胸文章結構主旨了然于胸, 并且始終關并且始終關注首尾段落和每段第一句注首尾段落和每段第一句 科研文章、新聞報道則通常以首段科研文章、新聞報道則通常以首段標其目。標其目。27 閱讀理解首先是對文章中心思想的理解，閱讀理解首先是對文章中心思想的理解，明確主旨。因此，要求考生歸納全文的中心明確主旨。因此，要求考生歸納全文的中心思想或段落大意是常考題。主旨大意題包括：思想或段落大意是常考題。主旨大意題包括：主要內容（主要內容（main idea）型、文章標題（）型、文章標題（title）型型。歸納主旨要義歸納主旨要義28四個小竅門：四個

24、小竅門： 尋找主題句是解題的關鍵，主題句通常在尋找主題句是解題的關鍵，主題句通常在文首、文末文首、文末或或首尾呼應首尾呼應，有時在，有時在文中文中，也有，也有可能沒有主題句，這時需根據文章所述內容可能沒有主題句，這時需根據文章所述內容進行歸納。尋找主題句有以下四個小竅門：進行歸納。尋找主題句有以下四個小竅門：(1)段落中出現段落中出現轉折轉折時，該句很可能是主題時，該句很可能是主題句。句。 （NO.1 P48)(2)作者有意識地作者有意識地反復重復的觀點反復重復的觀點，通常是，通常是主旨；主旨；反復出現的詞語反復出現的詞語，一般為體現文章主，一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。旨的關鍵詞。(學海導航學

25、海導航2 A篇篇)解答這類試題時，應注意以下幾點：解答這類試題時，應注意以下幾點：29(3)首段出現首段出現疑問句疑問句時，對時，對該問題的回答該問題的回答很很可能就是文章主旨。可能就是文章主旨。(4)提出文章主旨時常伴有文字提示有提出文章主旨時常伴有文字提示有therefore, thus, but, however, in fact, in short等。因此，這些詞后的內容很可能等。因此，這些詞后的內容很可能就是文章主旨。就是文章主旨。(NO.1 P49)30 這類試題要求考生在把握文章主旨的基這類試題要求考生在把握文章主旨的基礎上給文章選擇一個合適的標題。礎上給文章選擇一個合適的標題。 因確定文章標實際仍屬主旨主意題，所因確定文章標實際仍屬主旨主意題，所以解答這類題的