1、輪機英語聽力與會話口語評估練習口述題第一章公共用語1. Theengineroom.(1) Positionoftheengineroomonboard.(2) Typeofmachineryintheengineroom.(3) Featureofmarinemachineryintheengineroom.Theengineroomistheheartofaship.Itisgenerallylocatedatthesternneartheshipbottom.Intheengineroom,therearealotofmachineryandsystems,suchasthemainen

2、gine,thegeneraterengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Themainengine,alsocalledthemainpropulsionplant，isthelargestandmostimportantone.Themodernimprovementofcontrolsystemsresultsinmachineryspaceremainingunattendedforlongperiods.ThatisUMS2(Theenginedepartment.(1) Intr

3、oductionoftheimportanceoftheenginedepartmentonboard.(2) Introductionofpersonneloftheenginedepartment.(3) Descriptionoftheenginedepartment.Theenginedepartmenttakesinchargeoftheengineroom.Theycanmakethemachineryespeciallymainengineworkingsmoothly,andantipollution.Thechiefengineercommandsthedepartment.

4、Thesecondengineer,thethirdengineerandthefourthallworkunderhisorder.Therearealsosomemotormeninthedepartment.Thecaptainisresponsibleforthewholeship.Oneofmajorresponsibilitiesofenginedepartmentistokeepthemachineryrunningsafelybyproperoperationandmaintenance.Crewmembersoftheenginedepartmentshouldoverhau

5、l,operateandmaintaintheequipmentstrictlybytherules.Wealwayskeepthemachinesinourengineroomingoodorder.3. Self-introduction.1) .Youreducationbackground2) .Yourworkingexperience3)YourfamilyMynameis,Iam,yearsold.Icomefrom,.Iamsingle.IgraduatedfromGuangZhouMarineTechnicalSchoolin2003.Ihavebeenworkingonbo

6、ardasanengineerforabout5years.Inmysparetime,Ilikelisteningtothemusic,readingbooksanddoingsomeexercises.Ilikemyjobverymuch.4. Yourdailyworkonboard1) Yourpositiononboard.2) Yourdutiesduringwatch-keeping3) yourexperience.Iworkasanengineeronboard.Ilikethelifeonboard.Mymainworkistokeepallthepipesandpumps

7、ingoodcondition.SometimesIhavetodosomerepairworksuchasrepairingtheaircompressororpumpcylinders.Asmyexperiencethemostcommonproblemisthepumpcylinders.5. Watch-keepingintheengineroom1) Theengineerondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.2) Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder.3) Heisgoingtohandovertheshift.Theenginee

8、rondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.Heshallbeabletoserviceallthemachinery.Hehastomaintainthemachineryingoodworkingcondition.Iamanengineeronboard.Iaminchargeofdeckmachinery,allpumps,lifeboat,dieselengineandsoon.SometimesIhavetodosomerepairwork.Whensomethinggoeswrong,Ihavetocheckandremedyit.6. Couldyouintr

9、oduceyourself?(1) Whatsyourname?(2) Wheredidyougraduate?(3) Whateducationdegreedoyouhave?Mynameis,Iam,yearsold.Igraduatedfrom,.University.ImajoredinEngineering.Ihavebachelordegreenow.第二章機艙日常業務1.Pleasedescribethedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.(SeeFig.2-1andFig.2-2)Therearemanydi

10、fferencesbetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.Forexample:(1)thegasolineengineisoperatedwithfour-stroke,butthedieselenginecouldeitherbeoperatedbyfourortwo.(2)Thedieselengineisstartedbycompressedairorelectricmotor,butthegasolineengineisnormallystartedbymotorandfiredbysparkplug.(3)Thedieselengine

11、isalargetypeusually,itcouldproducemuchmorepowerthanthegasolineengine,andithashighmechanismefficiency,soitsthemostcommonlyusedengineonboardship2.XiaoWangisacadetoftheenginedepartment,whojustgraduatedfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducealltheengineroomtohim?Theengineroomistheheartoftheship

12、.Therearealotofmachinesthere.Thesemachinesprovidepowerorassistantfortheshipspropulsion,orthepowerofdailyusedforthecrew(dailylighting/cooking,).Themainenginewhichistheheartoftheengineroom,itcansupplypowerfortheshipspropulsion,soyoumustespeciallytotakecareofit.Thedonkeyenginelikeboilerswhichisusedforp

13、roducingsteam,aircompressorsarealsoimportant.Withoutthemtheshipcantoperate.Soasacadetoftheenginedepartment,youshouldbefamiliarwiththem,andkeepthemingoodrunningcondition.3. XiaoZhangisathree-yearstudentmajoringinmarineengineeringfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducetheequipmentandmachinery

14、intheengineroom?Therearemanymachinesintheengineroom.Themainengineistheheartoftheengineroom;itcouldsupplypowerforthevesselspropulsion.Therearealotofdonkeyenginesintheengineroom:boilersforproducingsteam,freshwatergeneratorisusedtoproducefreshwaterfromseawater,aircompressorisusedtosupplycompressedair,.

15、Soasoneofenginedepartment,youshouldbefamiliarwiththem,andkeepthemingoodrunningcondition.4. Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.(SeeFig.2-3)Thepowerofthedieselengineistransmittedtothepropellerthroughthetransmissionsystem.Theitemsoftransmissionsysteminclude

16、variousshafts,suchasthethrustshaft,oneormoreintermediateshaftsandtailshaft.Theseshaftsaresupportedbythethrustblock,intermediatebearingsandthesterntubebearing.Thepropellerconsistsofabosswithseveralblades.Thethrustistransmittedalongtheshaftingtothethrustblockandfinallytoshipstructure.5. Lookattheillus

17、trationandsaysomethingabouttheprobabilityofmedium-speedandhigh-speeddieselengine.(SeeFig.2-4)Whentheshipissailingatfullspeed,itneedsfourenginesrunning.Whentheshipissailingathalfspeed,itrequirestwoenginesrunning.Whiletheshipisoperatingatabout30%offullspeed,oneengineisenoughtomeetitspowerrequirement.T

18、hatis,theshipcanbeoperatedwithsingleengine,doubleengines,orfourenginesaccordingtheloadcondition.Generally,whentheshipissailingatseaspeed,ithasfourenginesrunning,whileitapproachesthewharf,ithastwoinrunning.6.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstructureofthemainengine.(SeeFig.2-5)Thestructureoft

19、hemainengineisasfollows:(1) theconstructionmainlyincludesbedplate,frame,cylinders,pistons,connectingrod,mainbearingandcrankshaft.(2) Thecrankshaftrestsinmainbearingsbuiltintocrossgirdersofthebedplate.OnthetopofAframethereisascavengingairbox.Thebedplate,framesandcylinderblocksaresecuredtogetherbylong

20、tie-rods.(3) Apistonconsistsofalowerpartcalledpistonskirtandanupperpartcalledpistoncrown.7. Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstressstatusofthemovingparts.(SeeFig.2-6)Themovingpartsshownintheillustrationmainlyincludethepiston,theconnectingrod,andthecrankshaft.Theseareallcritical/mainpartsofth

21、eengine.Accordingtothespecificconditionshowninthepicture,thepistonisundercompressionforce,theconnectingrodisundertensionstressandcompressionforce,whilethecrankshaftisunderthetorsionforces.8. Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypeofpistonheadshapeindieselengine.(SeeFig.2-7)knurledpiston圓頂活塞domeheadpiston

22、凸頂活塞flatheadpiston平頂活塞crownheadpiston(convexheadpiston)凹頂活塞concaveheadpiston階梯頂活塞9. Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypesofpistonring(SeeFig.2-8)Pistonsareusuallyequippedwithpistonrings.Therearedifferentkindsofpistonringsinused.Forexample:Inaccordancewithsubsectionshape按斷面形狀分,itcanbedividedintothefoll

23、owingtypes:halfkeystonering半梯形環Rectangularring矩形環ChamferRing倒角環Twistedring扭曲環andsoon.Bystructure，itcanbedividedintotwomaintypes:Scrapingoilring刮油環,GasRing氣環,differentkindsofpistonringhasdifferentfunctions,butallinallitincludingthefunctionofsealing,conditioningoil,Thermalconductivity(heat),Direction(

24、bearing)密封、調節機油(控油)、導熱(傳熱)、導向(支承)10. Pleasedescribethelubricatingmodeofmainengine.Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:atotallylosssystemfeedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.Oilissuppliedtothecylinderline

25、rwallandpistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators.Thelubeoiltothevariousmovingpartsenablestheformationofanoilfilmwhichreducesfrictionandwear.11. Talkabouttheworkingprincipleof(oil)purifieraccordingtothepicturegiven.(SeeFig.2-9)Oilpurifiersareusedonboardshiptotreatfueloilandlubricatingoil.Theoiltobep

26、urifiedisfirstallowedtosettleinasettlingtank.Anylargeparticleswillsettleoutandcanbedrainedeverywatch.Aftertheoilhastimetosettle,itispassedthroughfinemeshedwirefilterstoremoveanycoarseparticles(油經過沉淀后，再通過細濾器去除大顆粒雜質).Theoilisthensenttotheoilpurifier.Anoilpurifierusescentrifugalforceforseparatingdirtor

27、waterfromoil.Oiltobepurifiedisallowedtoenterthebowlwhileitisrotating.Theheaviercomponentsintheoilarethusforcedoutwards.Thesolidparticlesthataretoofinetoberemovedbyfiltrationareforcedtowardsthecircumferenceofthebowl.(Oilpurifiersusuallymaintainalayerofwaterinsidethebowltoactasasealfortheoil.Withoutth

28、ewaterlayertoactasseal,theoilcanflowouttogetherwiththeparticlesandbelost.Therewillbearingthatactslikeabarrierbetweentheoillayerandthewaterlayer.Thisringisknownasdamringorgravitydisc.Themostcommondesignshaveconicalplatestoensuretheparticlestoclumptogether.Thelargerparticlesformedwillweighmoreandmorea

29、ndareabletobeseparatedfromtheoileasier.）12. Talkabouttheworkingprincipleofoilywaterseparatoraccordingtothepicturegiven.（SeeFig.2-10）Theoilywaterseparatorworksontheprincipleofcoalescingsmalloildroplets（聚結小油滴）inthewatertoformlargeroildrops.Whentheoildropsbecomeslargeenough,thelowerdensityoildropsfloat

30、supandcollectsatthetopofthevessel.Thewaterremainsatthelowerportionandispumpedoverboard.Theoillayerispumpedintoanoilybilgetank,whichcanbepumpedoutatanoilcollectingfacilitywhentheshiparrivesataport.Theseparatorconsistsofaverticalcylindricalpressurevessel（垂直的圓柱形壓力容器）containinganumberofinvertedconicalpl

31、ates（反向的錐形板）.Theoilywaterenterstheseparatorintheupperhalfoftheunitandisdirecteddownwardstotheconicalplates.Largeglobulesofoilseparateoutintheupperpartoftheseparatorwhilethesmallerglobulesarecarriedbythewaterintothespacebetweentheplates.Therisingvelocityoftheglobulesarecarriedthemupwardswheretheybeco

32、metrappedbytheundersurfacesofplatesandcoalesceuntiltheenlargedglobuleshavesufficientrisingvelocitytotravelalong油滴向上的速度使油水theplatesurfaceandbreakawayattheperiphery.(向上運動，油滴在捕集板的下表面被捕集，并開始集合，直到油滴長大至有足夠的上升速度沿捕集板的表面運動并在四周分離)Astheoilrises,itiscaughtunderneathanannularbaffle(在圓形擋板下面)andisledupthroughthetu

33、rbulentinletareabyriserstocollectinthedomeoftheseparator.Thewaterleavestheconicalplateviacentralacentralpipewhichisconnectedtoaflangeatthebaseoftheseparator.13. Talkabouttheanti-pollutionequipmentonboardship.Thereusuallyissomeanti-pollutionequipmentonboardships:theyareoilywaterseparator,incineratora

34、ndsewagetreatingsystem.(1)Oilywaterseparatorsareusedtoensurethatshipsdonotdischargeoilwhenpumpingoutbilgewateroroilywaterfromoiltankerpreventingoilcontaminatedspace.Theyshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithsomeformsoffiltersifgreaterpurityisrequired.(2)Theincineratorsareusedtoburnthesolidwaste.(3)Andsomebio

35、logicalsewagetreatmentplantsareinuseatseatotreatthesewagewaterthewholeshipproduced.Alltheseequipmentperformtheirdutiestopreventpollutionsfromshiptothesea.(Andwemusttakegreatcareaboutthemtomeetthelatestlegislativerequirements.)14.Talkabouttheoperationoftheballastsystem.(1)Theballastsystemisarrangedto

36、ensurethatwatercanbedrawnfromanytankortheseaanddischargedtoanyothertankortheseaasrequiredtotrimthevessel.Combineorseparatemainsforsuctionanddischargemaybeprovided.Whereatankorcargospacecanbeusedforballastordrycargotheneitheraballastorbilgeconnectionwillberequired.(2)Thesystemmustthereforebearrangeds

37、othatonlytheappropriatepipelineisinservice;theothermustbesecurelyblanked(安全隔離)orclosedoff.Theautomaticfillingofanytankmaybeobtainedbyopeningthevalveofseawatermainconnectedtothedischargemain.Foroperatingtheballastsystem,caremusttakenwhenweopenorclosetherelativevalves.Usuallytheballastpumpiscentrifuga

38、lpump,soitmustbeoperatedaccordingtotherequirement.15.Talkabouttheoperationofthebilgesystem.(Theoperationofthebilgesystemisanimportroutinework,whichneedsgreatcarefulness.Whenitisneeded,thefollowingproceduremustbestrictlyobserved:)1) Dischargethebilgetanksonebyone.2) Openandclosetherelevantvalveswhenc

39、hangingovertoanothertankaccordingtotheoperationprocedure.3) Stoppumpingoutwhenthebilgetankisnearlyempty.4) Payattentiontothefiltersandmud-boxes(油泥箱)toensurenoclogging5) Thedischargemustmeettherelativelegislativerequirements.6) TheoperationmustberecordedandreportedtoC/E.(Thedutyengineershoulddischarg

40、ethebilgesbeforehandingoverawatch.Andreliefengineershouldcheckthebilgelevelwhentakingoverawatch.)第三章駕機聯系1.Communicationswithofficers.Inordertoensurethesafenavigationoftheship,frequentcommunicationbetweentheengineersandofficersisnecessary.Theusualmeansofcommunicationisbytelephoneandtelegraph.Ifthecom

41、municationbetweentheengineroomandthebridgefails,theshipwillbeendangered.Therecordsofcommunicationshouldbemaintainedwhichwillprovideevidenceintheeventofanaccidentatsea.Noonreportisalsoagoodmeansofcommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridge.2.Noonreport.Noonreportmustberecordedeveryday.Itisatablewit

42、hthreecolumnsinit.Thefirstoneisaboutthedailyperformancedata;Therearesixlinesinthefirstcolumns,someofthedataofmainenginerunning,shipandvoyagearetobeenteredhere,suchasthetotalrevolutionsandaveragerpmofM.E.betweennoons;thespeedoftheship;thedistancetheshiphasmadeandthedistancestillremainstothenextportof

43、call;andofcoursetheETAwhichcanbecalculatedaccordingtothepresentspeedandsituations.Thesecondoneisabouttheremarksfromchiefengineerifhehasany;andthethirdisthelogofworkinghoursofthemainengineandauxiliaryengines.3.Takeoverwatch.Beforetakingoveranengineeringwatch,therelievingengineershouldcheckvariousthin

44、gs.(1)Heshouldreadthestandingordersandspecialinstructionsofthechiefengineer.(2)Heshouldbeawareofallworkbeingperformedonmachineryandsystems.(3)Heshouldcheckthelevelandconditionoffuel,waterorresiduesintanksandbilges.(4)Heshouldknowtheconditionandmodeofoperationofthemainandauxiliarysystems(5)Heshouldal

45、socheckothernecessarythings.4. Handoverwatch.Atthecompletionofthewatch,eachmemberofwatch-keepingshouldhandovertohisrelief,ensuringthatthereliefiscompetenttotakeoverandcarryouthisdutieseffectively.Beforegoingoffduty,theengineerinchargeofthewatchshallensurethatalleventsrelatedtothemainandauxiliarymach

46、ineryaresuitablyrecorded.Heshouldtelltherelievingengineerthestandingorders,specialinstructionsandunfinishedwork,ifany.Ifhehasanyreasontobelievethattherelievingengineerisnotcapableofcarryingoutthewatch-keepingdutieseffectively,heshallnothandoverthewatchandthechiefengineershallbenotified.5. Standbyeng

47、inebeforedeparture.Whenstanding-byengineforsailing,weshoulddovariousthings.(1)Weshouldcheckvarioussystemsandpartsofthemainengine.Weshouldwarmupthemainengine.Weshouldengagetheturninggearandgivetheengineatleastonecompleteturn.(2)Afterinformingthebridge,wewillgivethemainengineabrieftrialonpoweraheadand

48、astern.Finally,wewillring“stand-by”ontheenginetelegraph.6. Standbyengineaftersailing.(1) Whendoyoubeginstandbyengine?船舶抵達錨地或進港需要備車。Standbyshouldbedonewhenshipreachinganchorageorwharf.(2) Howdoyoustandbyengine?老型機應使用輕質燃油。起動另一臺發電機提供備用電力，起動空氣瓶應隨時補足空氣，并隨時注意和保持汽笛空氣瓶的氣壓處于正常范圍之內，以備駕駛臺使用。Theoldstyleenginesh

49、ouldbestartedbylightdieseloil.Startanothergeneratortosupplystandbypower.Startingairreceivershouldbechargedatanytime,andbesuretokeepthepressureinwhistleairreceiverinnormalscaleforbridgereadyuse.7. Measurestobetakenbydutyengineersatroughsea.Whensailingatroughsea,theshipwillpitchandrollviolently.Sowesh

50、ouldpumpuptheslacktanksandsecuresomemovablethings.ThemainenginespeedmayexceedthemaximumallowableRPMbecausethepropellermaybeabovetheseasurface.Theshipsspeedmaybereducedbecauseofgreaterresistance.Soweshouldcloselyobservetheworkingconditionofthemainengine.Andweshouldgetreadytorespondtoanyemergencycondi

51、tions.8. Actionstobetakenafter“Finishedwithengine”isgiven.(1) whendoyoubeginfinishingwithengine?(2) howdoyoufinishwithengineAfter“finishedwithengine”isgiven,weshouldtakethefollowingactions:(1) Ensurethatthetelegraphisatstop;(2) Ensurethatthefuelcontrolorspeedadjustingleverisatzero;(3) Ensurethatthes

52、tartingairleverisintheneutralposition;(4)Shutthestartingairvalvesandthestartingairtanks;(5) Openthedraincocksonthestartingairmanifold;(6) Shutoffthefuelboosterpumpandsteamtothefuelheater;(7) Engagetheturninggearandlockthelever,opentheindicatorcocks;(8)By-passthejacketwaterandlubricatingoilcoolersand

53、continuecirculatingthecoolant;(9) Graduallyreducethecoolingwatertemperatureoveraperiodof8hours;(10)Turnthemainenginethrough3or4turnsatfirstandthroughoneturnatintervalsduringcooling.Besidesthese,therearealotofotherthingstobedone.9. Talkaboutsteeringgeartesting.Thesteeringgearisforensuringsatisfactory

54、operation.Thisjobshouldbedonebeforeashipsdeparturefromanyport.Thetestingshouldinclude:1) Operationofthemainsteeringgear.2) Operationoftheauxiliarysteeringgearoruseofthesecondpumpwhichactstheauxiliary.3) Operationoftheremotecontrolsystemorsystemsfromthemainbridgesteeringgear.4) Operationofthesteering

55、gearusingtheemergencypowersupply.5) )checkingoftherudderangleindicatorreadings;6) )checkingofthealarmsfittedtotheremotecontrolsystemandthesteeringgearpowerunits.Duringthesetests,theruddershouldbemovedthroughitsfulltravelinbothdirections.Thecommunicationsystembetweenthebridgeandthesteeringgearcompart

56、mentshouldalsobetested.10. ActionstobetakeninthecaseofthetrialofmainengineBeforethetrialofmainengine,thedutyengineerwillaskthemotormantowarmupoilfuel,lubricatingoilandtheengine.Thesystemsoflubricatingoil,coolingwaterandfueloilshouldbechecked,preparedandtheirpumpsturnedon.Thecompressedairsystemshould

57、bedrained,chargedanditsvalvesopened.Thenturnandruntheenginebyputtinginstartingair.Afterthetrialofmainengine,thedutyengineershouldwritedownthestartingairpressurevaluesforeachtimetheengineisstartedaheadandastern.Anyabnormalconditionfoundduringthetrialshouldbewrittendownanddealtwithassoonaspossible.11.

58、 TalkaboutEngineRoomOrders.Orderslike“deadslowahead”“halfastern”“fullaheadstop”aresomeexamplesofengineroomorders.Theenginetelegraphisadevicewithapointerandhandle,whichisusedtoconveyordersbetweenthebridgeandtheengineroom.Whenthepersonnelonthebridgemovethehandleofthetelegraphonthebridge,thereisacorrespondingmovementofthepointeroftheengineroomtelegraphtogetherwiththesoundofagong(盤形鐘).Theengineermaneuveringtheengineattheengineroomonhearingthegongandthemovementofthepointerwillacknowledgetheorderbymoving