1、什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由詞按照一定的語法構造組成的，是句子是由詞按照一定的語法構造組成的，是能表達一個完好概念的言語單位句子的第能表達一個完好概念的言語單位句子的第一個字母必需大寫，結尾要有？一個字母必需大寫，結尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !現代漢語里普通的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的根本成分有七種：主語subject、謂語predicate、表語predicative、賓語object、定語attribute、狀語(adverbial) 和補語comp

2、lement。英語句子的根本構造可以歸納成五種根本句型及其擴展、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種根本句型，是掌握各種英語句子構造的根底。句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？ 主語主語 不及物動詞不及物動詞 S + Vi 主語主語 及物動詞及物動詞 賓語賓語 ( S + Vt + O) 主語主語 系動詞系動詞 表表 (S + LV + predicative) 主語雙賓動詞主語雙賓動詞+間賓間賓+直賓直賓(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主語主語 賓補動詞賓補動詞 賓語賓語 賓語補語賓語補語 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)There + be / stand/ lie

3、 / live.簡單句的五種根本句型簡單句的五種根本句型主語、動詞不及物動詞、及物動詞、雙賓動詞、系動詞、賓補動詞)、賓語及補語可以稱為根本句子成分。完好的句子普通至少包含2個根本成分，至多4個根本成分。 主語：主語是在句子中闡明全句中心主題的主語：主語是在句子中闡明全句中心主題的部分普通由部分普通由1名詞，名詞，2代詞，代詞，3不定式，不定式，4動名動名詞詞5從句充任它的位置普通在句首從句充任它的位置普通在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.主語：主語：謂語：謂語：

4、 謂語闡明主語做什么，是什么，怎樣樣，由謂語闡明主語做什么，是什么，怎樣樣，由1簡單動詞簡單動詞2或者動詞短語構成或者動詞短語構成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.表語：表語： 表語闡明主語是什么，或者怎樣樣，由表語闡明主語是什么，或者怎樣樣，由1名詞，名詞，2描描畫詞，畫詞，3副詞，副詞，4介詞短語，介詞短語，5不定式，不定式，6動名詞，動名詞，7短短語，語，8或者從句充任表語位于系動詞后面或者從句充任表語位于系動詞后面I am

5、a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.賓語賓語 賓語是動作，行為的對象，由賓語是動作，行為的對象，由1名詞，名詞，2代詞，代詞，3短語，短語，4不定式，不定式，5動名詞，動名詞，6從句充任它和從句充任它和及物動詞一同闡明主語做了什么，在謂語之及物動詞一同闡明主語做了什么，在謂語之后后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes t

6、o go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，普通位于及物賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，普通位于及物動詞和介詞后面。動詞和介詞后面。 They went to see an exhibition展覽展覽yesterday.名詞名詞They helped the old with their housework yesterday.名詞化描畫詞名詞化描畫詞He pretended not to see me.不定式不定式短語短語I thinkthathe is fit for his office.賓語從

7、句賓語從句賓語種類：賓語種類：1雙賓語間接賓語雙賓語間接賓語+直接直接賓語，例如：賓語，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.2復合賓語賓語復合賓語賓語+賓補，例如：賓補，例如：They elected him their monitor.賓語補足語賓語補足語 在英語中，有些句子只需賓語并不能表達完好的意思，在英語中，有些句子只需賓語并不能表達完好的意思，還必需在賓語后面加上賓語補足語才干表達完好的意還必需在賓語后面加上賓語補足語才干表達完好的意思它起補充闡明賓語干什么，怎樣樣的作用思它起補充闡明賓語干什么，怎樣樣的作用 它可以由名詞，描畫詞，副詞，介詞短語，不

8、定式，如它可以由名詞，描畫詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，如今分詞和過去分詞充任今分詞和過去分詞充任. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called.附屬成分附屬成分根本成分的修飾語。可以是：根本成分的修飾語。可以是： 定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句 狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代

9、詞以外的詞的單詞、短狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。語或從句。定定 語語Poor John tottered(Poor John tottered(蹣跚蹣跚 toward a hospital toward a hospital nearbynearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.She likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many booksJohn gave Mary many books，which are full which are full o

10、f illustrationsof illustrations插圖插圖Have you seen the book on the desk?Have you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.People there like sports.定語定語 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞描畫詞，代詞，數定語用來修飾名詞或代詞描畫詞，代詞，數詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞

11、，詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞，從句都可以充任定語從句都可以充任定語 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.狀語狀語 狀語用來修飾動詞，描畫詞或副詞它表示行為發狀語用來修飾動詞，描畫詞或副詞它表示行為發生的時間，地點，目的，方式，程度普通由生的時間，

12、地點，目的，方式，程度普通由1副詞，副詞，2介詞短語，介詞短語，3不定式不定式4或相當于副詞的詞或短語充或相當于副詞的詞或短語充任，也可由任，也可由5從句來充任從句來充任He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.John often came to chat with me

13、John likes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news, he jumped with joy.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.狀狀 語語主語可有修飾語主語可有修飾語-定語，

14、謂語可有修飾語定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語。狀語。如如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay u

15、p.nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主語語謂謂語語賓語賓語賓語賓語賓補賓補表語表語賓語賓語(間間)賓語賓語(直直)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc.

16、 nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc. 句子成分練習題句子成分練習題( 一一 ) (一一). 指出以下句中主語的中心詞指出以下句中主語的中心詞4分，分， 4分分鐘鐘 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework wi

17、thout the teachers help is very difficult. (二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞10分， 10分鐘 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will

18、be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to

19、 tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出以下句中的賓語10分，10分鐘 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak Engli

20、sh. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the m

21、useum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. (四) 挑出以下句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn

22、about it. (五) 挑出以下句中的定語6分，6分鐘 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出以下句中的賓語補足語6分， 6分鐘 She

23、 likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出以下句中的狀語8分， 8分鐘 Th

24、ere was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve

25、 lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?由一個主句和一個或者一個以

26、上從句所由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所構成的句子。在英語書面語中運用廣泛。構成的句子。在英語書面語中運用廣泛。主句是一個完好的句子主句是一個完好的句子,它可以獨立存在。它可以獨立存在。從句是一個不完好的句子從句是一個不完好的句子,它必需和一個它必需和一個主句連用，不能獨立存在。主句連用，不能獨立存在。復合句可以經過把兩個以上簡單句銜接復合句可以經過把兩個以上簡單句銜接在一同構成在一同構成,但復合句的各組成部份并非但復合句的各組成部份并非同等重要，其中一個句子由從屬連詞引同等重要，其中一個句子由從屬連詞引導從句，用以修飾另一句子主句。導從句，用以修飾另一句子主句。 復合句復合句 = 主句主句

27、 + 從句從句復合句復合句復合句是在簡單句的根底上，經過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個復合句是在簡單句的根底上，經過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句銜接在一同而構成。從屬連詞所引導的從句起以上簡單句銜接在一同而構成。從屬連詞所引導的從句起描畫詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復合句主要包含以下類型從描畫詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復合句主要包含以下類型從句：句： 1. 主語從句主語從句 2. 賓語從句賓語從句3. 表語從句表語從句 4. 定語從句定語從句5. 狀語從句狀語從句 6. 同位語從句同位語從句 英文寫作中最常運用的從句英文寫作中最常運用的從句賓語從句賓語從句狀語從句狀語從句 定語從句定語從句復合句與簡單句：復合句

28、復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.賓語賓語how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.賓語從句賓語從句復合句與簡單句：復合句復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.賓語從句賓語從句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving