1、八上 Module 4 Planes, ships and trains一、 課內基礎必背詞匯1、road r5ud n.（尤指）公路，路2、accident我ksidont n.交通事故：意外事件3、except iksept prep.除之外4、choice tfois n.選擇5、classmate ,khrsmeit n.同班同學6 far fa: adv.遠:遙遠地;adj.遠的:遙遠的7、magic 'meed3ik adj.魔術的：戲法的8、close khuz adj.（距離上）近點，接近的。（距離上）接近地9、crowded *kraudid adj.擁擠的：人數過多

2、的10> all the time 一直：不斷地11、journey fdsaini n.旅行:旅程12、book buk M.預訂13、park pa:k 停放（車）：泊（車）14、outside .autsaid prep.在范圍之外；adv.在外而，向外而：外部；外面。adj.外而的，外部的15、however hau'ee adv.然而：但是16、cost Post At.花費;價錢為n.費用，代價,成本16、nameneimv.給取名：給命名17ififconj.（表條件）如果；若必行短語take the bus乘公交車by bike乘自行車far from遠離be c

3、lose 靠近die same as與同樣的all the time 一 直plan to do sth.計劃做某事by car乘私家車by ship乘船because of 由于重點句型1. It's the most comfortable way, but it's also the most expensive.這是最舒服的方式，但也是最貴的。2. How does Tony go to school?托尼怎么去學校呢？3. He lives the farthest from school, so he takes the underground.他家住的離學校最遠，

4、因此他乘地鐵。4. The more mfbrmation. the better.消息越多，越好。5. And it takes you about twelve hours to get there.你花費大約十二個小時到達那里。（一）重點詞句1.【課文原句】What happened?【用法】happen動詞，意為“發生主要有以下用法：1）表示“某地/某時發生了某事“常用“Sth.+happened+地點/時間狀語”這一 結構，此時主語應是事物。The story happened in 2012.2）表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”常用"Sth. happened+ t。

5、sb”提問時常用“What happened to sb.? ”這一句型An accident happened to her this morning.3 ）表示“某人碰巧做某事"常用“sb. +happeas（s）/happeiied +to do sth： 或者"It happens，happened +that 從句”表達。I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.=It happened that I met a friend of mine in the street yesterda

6、y.【注意】happen 一股指事件偶然“發生”，其主語不能用表示人的詞語，如果表示事先安排 或有準備的事件，則用take place B2 .【課文原句】But nobody was late, except me.【用法】介詞，意為“除.一之外”，可用于句首。后而可接名詞，代詞，動詞，副詞，介詞 短語或從句等。He answered all the questions except the last one.Everyone except Alice went to the party.【拓展】nothmg but相當于only,意為“僅僅»只有“。There is nothin

7、g but an old table in the room.【辨析】except, except for與besides都有“除.之外”的意思，但用法并不相同。 except”除之外”，整體中不包括“除了”的部分，含有排他的含義。后接的 詞和整體詞（主語）一般時同類，指在同類的整體中除去這一部分。All the other five students anived late except meThey go to work every day except Sunday.2） except for其后跟的詞同句子中的整體詞（主語）不是同類的，指從整體中除 去一個細節、一個方而。Ybur wr

8、iting is excellent except for a few spelling mistakes.3） besides“除了（還有）”整體中包話“除了”的部分。表示“另外附加”的含義, 相當于 ill addition to。Five other students arrived late besides me.We need three more persons to finish the work besides us two.3 .課文原句Maybe I should go to school by taxi.【用法】maybe副詞,意為“也許,大概,或許”，與perhaps和

9、probably的意思相同。Maybe you are right.【辨析】maybe與may be1）maybe:副詞，表示“大概”，只能作狀語。Maybe he is at school.Maybe he is a businessman.2） maybe: may情態動詞，與be連用作句子的謂語，意思是“可能是，也許是 He may be at school.He may be a businessman.【用法】bytaxT坐出租車“，是由“交通工具名詞”構成的介詞短語，用作方式狀語。I often go to work by taxi.【拓展】by之后直接跟交通工具名詞單數，by和交

10、通工具名詞之間不能有任何詞（by a train, by the plane by my bike 都是錯誤的但如果用動詞take （乘，坐）,nde （騎）,drive （乘車，駕車），交通工具名詞前要有冠 詞或其他修飾詞，如：take a train , take a plane , ride a bike , drive a car0【辨析】by, on與in1）當交通工具前無限定詞修飾時，介詞只用by：當交通工具名詞前有冠詞或形 容詞性物主代詞等限定詞時，介詞可用m，但不能用by。by bus=in a bus; by train=in a train2）“騎自行車”不用in而用on。

11、by bike=on a bike=on one s bike3）如果交通工具名詞前有具體的鐘點時間修飾，則介詞用by或。n皆可。He will go on/by the 8 o'clock train.4 .課文原句】How does Tony go to school?【用法】本句是由how引導的特殊疑問句，結構是“How +do/does+主語+其他？ “，用于 詢問某人去某地時的交通方式。How do you go to school every day?【拓展】描述乘坐某種交通工具時，可以使用如下兩種結構：1） “by+交通工具”的結構I get to school by b

12、us.2） take, nde等動詞和交通工具搭配I take the bus to get to school.He rides liis bike.5 .【課文原句】I am planning to travel firom London to Amsterdam.【用法】plan及物動詞，意為“計劃，打算“，后常接名詞、代名詞或動詞不定式做賓語。 plan to do sth.意為“計劃/打算做某事Fve been plaiinmg tliis visit for montlis.（接名詞）Where do you plan to spend your holiday?（接動詞不定式）H

13、e doesnt plan to go to Beijmg on -acation.Pm planing to buy a new piano for my son.【拓展】plan還可用作名詞,意為“計劃工常用短語:make a plan for sth.意為“為.制訂計劃”，make a plan （to do sth.）”制訂計劃（做某事）:Pm making my studying plan.Fil make a plan for my holiday.They made a new plan for the use of the time.【用法】固定搭配，意為“從.到二 可以用來連

14、接時間，也可以用來連接地點。We are gomg to sail from Shanghai to Qingdao.How far is it from your office to the bank?We work from morning to niglit.The meeting is from tliree to five oclock.6 .課文原句】How long does the jouniey take and what is the best way to travel?【用法】how long意為“多長時間;多長”，常用來提問一段時間(如 tliree days, fo

15、ur weeks 等)或詢問長度，-How long have you known him?-For five years.How long did he stay here?他在這兒待了 多久？How long is the river?這條河有多長？【辨析】how long 與 how often 與 how soon1) how long意為“多長時間”，用來對時間段進行提問，它多用在現在完成時中， 常見的答語有“for+時間段”以及由since構成的短語等。- How long have you been here?你在這里多久 了 ？-For about five years.大約五

16、年了。2) how often意為“多久一次；多長時間一次“，用來對頻率進行提問。常見的答語有 usually, sometimes, never 等頻度副詞，以及 once a week, twice a month等表示頻率的短語。-How often do you visit your mother?-Once a week.3) how soon意為“再過多久：還要多久“，多用在表示將來的句子中，用來對將來 的某個時間段進行提問，答語為“in+時間段”- How soon will he be back?- In ail hour.【用法】way名詞,意為“方式”。The cheape

17、st way to go to Beijing is by train.【拓展】常見的關于way的短語：1)by the way順便說；順便問一下By the way,where is the post office?2) on one's way to $p.在某人去某地的路上I met Kate on my way home.3) ) get in the way 擋路Her social life got in the way of her studies.4) the way to.去的路Could you tell me the way to die museum?7.【課文

18、原句 】However, it will not cost as much as going by tram.【用法】however"與but1) however副詞，可以位于句首、句中或句尾；用于既成事實，表示前后對比。 Ybu won't move tliat stone, however strong you are.2) but：并列連詞；不能置于句首，位于它所引出的分句之前；表示非常明顯的對比，轉折的意味比however強。We love peace, but we are not afraid of war.【拓展】cost與spend與pay與take1)cos

19、t動詞，意為“花費"，后接life, money, health, time等，側重于"代價主語是物或事，一般有兩個賓語，不用于被動語態。The dictionary costs me five dollars.A new computer costs a lot of money.It costs me 10 dollars to go to New York by train.3) spend,主語是人，賓語是可以是時間、精力、金錢等， 其后用on+名詞；in (可省略)+動名詞。I spent two hours on tliis maths problemShe s

20、pends much money on clothes.He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new house.4) pay“支付，付款”，主語是人，賓語可以是人或錢。常與介詞for連用。He paid a lot of money for the house.Well pay you in a fbw days.Of course we have to pay for what we buy.5) take"花費"，It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花費某人多少時間 主語常用It,其中

21、It是形式主義，真正的主語是其后的動詞不定式。It takes two hours to finish my homework.It took me two hours to finish the work.8 .(課文原句】It is the fastest and the second cheapest but you may have to wait for hours at the airport because ofbad weather.【用法】the second cheapest意為“第二便宜的“，其中用second修飾最高級cheapesto 4fcthe+ 序數詞+形容詞最

22、高級”表示“第幾一的；第幾最.工 The Yellow Ri er is the second longest Hver in China.What do you think is the tliird most usefill invention?It*s die second lugliest mountain in China.用法】because of 與 because1) because of：介詞短語；后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或what從句 He didn't attend the meetmg because he had too much work to do.2) b

23、ecause：連詞；引導狀語從句，表示直接而明確的原因或理由 Because of die illness, the boy did not go to school.9 .【課文原句】How can I get to Beijing from here?【用法】get to與arrive at 與 arrive in與reach"到達”有四種說法:1) get to+名詞(后跟副詞時不用 to) We got to the cinema at 8:00 yesterday.2) ) arrive in+大t也方 The famous singer arrived in Beijmg

24、 yesterday.3) arrive at+d、地方 You should arrive at school on time.4) ieach+名詞 When did your parents reach New York?配套練習工單項選擇1. Most of my friends agreed to go to my birtliday party Tom. He said that he had to stay athome and look after his sick motlier.A. besidesB. besideC. exceptD. except for2. - Wh

25、ere is Jemiy?-I'm not sure. She m the school library.A. maybeB. must beC. may beD. will be3. Eric is not going to Nanjing by plane. Instead, he is takuig tram.D. die; aD. WhatD. watchedD. onA. /;aB. a;/C. a; the4. - How do you go to school?-On foot. Our school is my house.A. different from B. fa

26、r awayC. close to5. -does Jenny go to school every day?-By bike.A. HowB WhyC. When6. Lots of football fans plan the FIFA Wbrld Cup.A. to watchB. watchesC. watcliing7. The local community centre is open Monday to Saturday.A. inB. fromC. for8. -is it from the museum to the cinema?-About twenty minutes

27、' walk.A. How long B. How farC. How oftenD. How much9. - It takes me half an hour playing die piano. How about you?-1 usually spend 20 minutes it.D. practicing: inD. affordD. tlioughA. practicing; on B. to practice; in C. to practice; on 10. - What will the phone?-The same as you said, eight hun

28、dred dollars each.A. spendB. costC. pay11. The old man had to be in hospital poor health.A. soB. becauseC. because of12. - We should go to school by bus instead of by car.-Yeah,cars we use,pollution there will be.A. fewer: less B. less; fewerC. the less; the fewer D. die fewer: the less13. - You'

29、;re. Where are you gomg?-To the bus station. The bus is leaving very soon.A. ill a hurryB. ill factC. in the endD. ill public14. We will anrue the airport eight minutes.A. in; inB. at; inC. in; ofD. at; of15. -1 can't go out to play with you. I have much homework.-What a pity.A. doB. domgC. to d

30、o【答案CCACAABBCB CDABCn.詞匯運用A）選擇單詞并填寫正確形式accident, cost, outside, underground, happen1.1 went to the market and bought some vegetables. They me about fifty yuan.2. A car happened and the driver was badly hurt.3. The teacher asked the boy to go out of die classroom and stand.4. He lives the farthest fr

31、om the company so he takes the.5. The story in 1985.【答案】cost, accident, outside, undergroiuid. happenedB）根據中文填寫正確單詞1. Her home is（更近的）to school than my home.2. Traveling by plane is die（最快的）way.3. It is a good（選擇）to go out on such a beautifiil day.4. I went to the market and bought some vegetables. They（花費）me about fifty yuan.5. Ne all went to the party（除 f ） Mike. He had to stay at home and prepare