1、.電大社會統計學試卷社會工作與管理（本）專業一、單項選擇題（每小題1分，共15分）1在下列兩兩組合的平均指標中，哪一組的兩個平均數完全不受極端數值的影響？ 【 】 A算術平均數和調和平均數 B幾何平均數和眾數C調和平均數和眾數 D眾數和中位數2抽樣推斷的目的是 【 】A以樣本指標推斷總體指標 B取得樣本指標C以總體指標估計樣本指標 D以樣本的某一指標推斷另一指標3下列哪兩個變量之間的相關程度高 【 】A商品銷售額和商品銷售量的相關系數是0.9；B商品銷售額與商業利潤率的相關系數是0.84；C平均流通費用率與商業利潤率的相關系數是-0.94；D商品銷售價格與銷售量的相關系數是-0.91。4在抽樣

2、推斷中，可以計算和控制的誤差是 【 】A抽樣實際誤差 B抽樣標準誤差 C非隨機誤差 D系統性誤差5不重復抽樣的抽樣標準誤公式比重復抽樣多了一個系數 【 】A BC D6估計標準誤說明回歸直線的代表性，因此 【 】A估計標準誤數值越大，說明回歸直線的代表性越大；B估計標準誤數值越大，說明回歸直線的代表性越小；C估計標準誤數值越小，說明回歸直線的代表性越小；D估計標準誤數值越小，說明回歸直線的實用價值越小。7平均差與標準差的主要區別是 【 】A意義有本質的不同 B適用條件不同C對離差的數學處理方法不同 D反映的變異程度不同8“統計”一詞的含義可以包括的是 【 】A統計工作、統計資料、統計學 B統計

3、工作、統計資料、統計方法C統計資料、統計學、統計方法 D統計工作、統計學、統計方法9已知甲數列的算術平均數為100，標準差為20；乙數列的算術平均數為50，標準差為9。由此可以認為 【 】A甲數列算術平均數的代表性好于乙數列 B乙數列算術平均數的代表性好于甲數列C兩數列算術平均數的代表性相同 D兩數列算術平均數的代表性無法比較10變量x與y之間的負相關是指 【 】A. x數值增大時y也隨之增大 B. x數值減少時y也隨之減少 C. x數值增大時y隨之減少 D. y的取值幾乎不受x取值的影響11次數數列各組變量值都增加2倍，每組次數減少2倍，中位數 【 】A減少2倍 B增加2倍C減少1倍 D不變

4、12第一類錯誤是在下列條件下發生 論 【 】A. 原假設為真 B. 原假設為假 C. 顯著性水平較小 D. 顯著性水平較大13設，其中、為常數，且，則 【 】 A. B. C. D. 14設隨機變量，則隨增大， 【 】A.單調增大 B.單調減小 C.保持不變 D.增減不定15設隨機變量相互獨立，,，則 【 】A. B.C. D.二、填空題（每空1分，共10分）1社會調查資料有 、統計規律性的特點。2在 分布之下，眾數>中位數。3對某一班級50名學生的體育達標情況進行測評，發現有35名同學達到合格標準，則達標率的均值是 。4參數優良估計的三個標準是 、有效性、一致性。5抽樣誤差是由于抽樣的

5、隨機性而產生的誤差，這種誤差不可避免，但可以 。6抽樣推斷運用 的方法對總體的數量特征進行估計。7一個回歸方程只能作一種推算，即給出自變量的數值，估計_的可能值。8袋中有4個白球，7個黑球，從中任意取一個球則取出白球的概率為 。9設X1, X2, X10是來自總體XN(0,s 2)的樣本，則服從 分布。10三次獨立的試驗中，成功的概率相同，已知至少成功一次的概率為，則每次試驗成功的概率為 。三、簡答題（每小題9分，共18分）1試解釋隨機抽樣的隨機原則？2試列出三個以上的離散趨勢測度方法。四、證明題（每小題6分，共12分）1證明 若>0，>0，則有（1） 當與獨立時，與相容；（2）

6、當與不相容時，與不獨立。2設隨機變量和均服從正態分布，而，試證明 。五、計算題（共45分）1（10分）一盒乒乓球有6個新球，4個舊球，不放回抽取，每次任取一個，共取兩次，求：(1) 第二次才取到新球的概率； (2) 發現其中之一是新球，求另一個也是新球的概率。2（12分）設連續型隨機變量的密度為 試求：(1)確定常數； (2)； (3)分布函數F(x)。3（10分）已知某煉鐵廠鐵水含碳量服從正態分布，現在測定了九爐鐵水，其平均含碳量為4.484。如果估計方差沒有變化，可否認為現在生產之鐵水平均含碳量仍為4.55（，）？4（13分）檢查五位同學會計學的學習時間與成績分數如下表所示。學習時數（小時

7、）學習成績（分）44066075010701390根據資料：（1）由此計算出學習時數與學習成績之間的相關系數；（2）建立學習成績（）依學習時間（）的直線回歸方程。 答案一、單項選擇題（每小題1分，共15分）1D 2A 3C 4B 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 A 9 B 10C 11 B 12 A 13 D14 C 15 B二、填空題（每空1分，共10分）1隨機性2左偏或負偏3 70%4 無偏性5控制6概率估計7因變量8 4/119自由度為10的分布10 1/3三、簡答題（每小題9分，共18分）1答：所謂隨機原則是指在抽選調查對象時，規定了一定的程序（3分），以保證每一個單位都有同等入選的機會（

8、3分），從而避免了主觀因素的影響（3分）。2答：異動比率；極差；四分互差；方差與標準差。（各答對一項給3分） 四、證明題（每小題6分，共12分）1證明：（1）因為與獨立，所以 ，與相容。（3分）（2）因為，而， ，與不獨立。（3分）2證明： （3分） （3分）.五、計算題（共45分）1（本題滿分10分）解：設 =第i次取得新球，i=1,2. (1) 設C=第二次才取得新球，有； （4分）(2) 設事件 D = 發現其中之一是新球，E = 其中之一是新球，另一個也是新球 （2分） （2分） （2分） 2（本題滿分12分）解：（1）故=5 。（2） （3分）（3）當x<0時,F(x)=0;

9、（2分）當時， （2分） 故 . （2分）3解: 假設 （3分） 由已知條件,， （4分） （2分）接受, 即現在生產之鐵水平均含碳量仍為4.55。 （1分）4 解：設學習時間為自變量，學習成績為因變量，所需合計數如下： （1）計算相關系數 =0.956 (5分)(2)(2分)編制直線回歸方程： (3分)經計算求得： (3分) 回歸方程為：請您刪除一下內容，O(_)O謝謝！2016年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminal

10、s) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the

11、 axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine v

12、esicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or betwe

13、en nerve cells and non-nerve cells. This process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between mo

14、tor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and ph

15、ysical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an

16、enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differ

17、s. In the autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activat

18、ion of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nerve-to-nerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects i

19、n different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acety

20、lcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known a

21、s nicotinic; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are muscarinic; and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the actio

22、n of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In

23、the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membrane-bound vesicles . After the arriva

24、l of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft . For the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate

25、a receptor protein. There are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. Nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movemen

26、t of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting in depolarization of the neuron. Muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. For a cholinergic neuron to receive anothe

27、r impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. This will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. Low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcho

28、linesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. If acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. If this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesti

29、cides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. Although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reversible) inhibition. Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to im

30、prove memory in some people with Alzheimer's disease. abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in New York City during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in American art in the following decade; also called action painting and the New York school. It was the

31、 first important school in American painting to declare its independence from European styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Miró, and surrealism, became more personally e

32、xpressive. Jackson Pollock's turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. Willem de Kooning's first one-man show in 1948 established him as a highly influential a

33、rtist. His intensely complicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of Woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution. Painters such as Philip Guston and Franz Kline turned to the abstract late in the

34、1940s and soon developed strikingly original stylesthe former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. Other important artists involved with the movement included Hans Hofmann, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko; among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as Clyfford Still, Theodoros Stamo