1、Unit 4 Earthquakes詞海拾貝 難句剖析理解誘思 Earthquakes【文章導語】The most terrible violence in nature may be earthquakesthey always happen without any signs.Today lets get close to earthquakes and know about them.自然界最可怕的暴力或許是地震它們往往毫無征兆,突然發生。今天就讓我們走近地震,了解地震。詞海拾貝 難句剖析理解誘思 Some countries have a large number of earthqu

2、akes.Japan is one of them.Others do not have many.For example,there are few earthquakes in Britain.There is often a great noise during an earthquake.The earth shakes.Houses fall down.Railway lines are broken.Sometimes many people are killed in an earthquake.詞海拾貝 難句剖析理解誘思 Earthquakes often happen nea

3、r volcanoes,but this is not always true.The centers of some are under the sea.The bottom of the sea suddenly moves.The powerful forces inside the earth break the rocks.The coast is shaken and great waves appear.These waves travel long distances and rush over the land when they reach it.They are stro

4、ng enough to break down houses and other buildings;sometimes they break more buildings than the earthquake itself.What kind of building stands up best in an earthquake?A building with concrete walls is perhaps the best.A steel frame will make it even stronger.There is less chance of fire because con

5、crete and steel do not burn.This kind of building is the safest.詞海拾貝 難句剖析理解誘思 譯文:地震有些國家地震非常頻繁。日本就是其中之一。其他國家的地震不太多。例如,英國幾乎沒有地震。地震經常伴有巨大的噪音。大地顫抖。房子倒塌。鐵路線破壞。有時許多人在地震中喪生。地震經常發生在火山附近,但是這并不總是真實的。有些地震的中心在海底。海底突然移動。這種地球內部的強大力量把巖層弄斷。海岸搖動,巨浪出現。這些海浪移動很遠的路程,沖刷它們所到達的陸地。這些海浪力量巨大,足以把房屋和其他建筑摧毀;有時它們摧毀的房屋要比地震本身多。什么樣的

6、房屋能夠在地震中挺立得最好呢?混凝土墻壁的建筑物也許是最好的。鋼建筑框架使得它更加牢固。發生火災的可能性很少,因為混凝土和鋼是不燃燒的。這種建筑物是最安全的。詞海拾貝 難句剖析理解誘思 volcano /vlkeIn/ n. 火山frame /freIm/ n.框架詞海拾貝 難句剖析理解誘思 A steel frame will make it even stronger.譯文:鋼建筑框架將使得它更加牢固。剖析:形容詞stronger在句子中作賓語it的補足語。其中even 用來修飾比較級。詞海拾貝 難句剖析理解誘思 1.What causes earthquakes?答案:The power

7、ful forces inside the earth cause earthquakes.2.What should we do when the earthquakes happen?答案:Different students have different answers.3.Where do earthquakes often happen?A.Under the sea.B.In modern cities.C.In some countries like Britain.D.Near volcanoes.答案:D Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Read

8、ing & Comprehending一二三四五六一、寫作詞匯預習Reading部分的詞匯,完成下列小對話或語篇。1.What has happened to the girl?Taking drugs (毀滅) her life.2.His pet dog died yesterday,didnt it?Yes.And he (埋) it in his garden.3.I hear an accident happened on the highway.Two people (受傷) in it.has ruined buried were injured 一二三四五六4.More

9、 and more people are doing something to protect our earth.Thats right.Many villagers are doing what they can to stop the forest from (毀壞).5.Last night a car hit a truck and two drivers were killed,which (使震驚) (許多) people.The drivers families felt (好像) the world was (終結).So when we drive,we should be

10、 careful.being destroyed shocked a number of as if at an end 一二三四五六二、閱讀詞匯預習Reading部分的詞匯,寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。I like the canal 1. that passes my village.Every morning we can see steam 2. rising from it.My father tells me that in the past the people in the town were extremely 3. poor.And to make a living,some

11、people fished in the canal.Others had to work in a mine 4.We cant imagine their suffering 5. and we should value (珍惜) our life.運河/水道 蒸汽/水汽 極度地 礦/礦山/礦井 苦難/痛苦 一二三四五六三、閱讀A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP,回答下列問題What may happen before an earthquake?1.答案:1.There are bright lights in the sky.2.答案:The animals a

12、re too nervous to eat,such as dogs,cows,pigs,horses,and chickens.3.答案:Fish jump out of bowls and ponds.一二三四五六4.答案:Mice run out of the fields.5.答案:The well walls have deep cracks in them.6.答案:The water in the well rises and falls.一二三四五六While-reading四、閱讀A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP,判斷正“T”誤“F”()1.Peop

13、le in Tangshan were warned of the earthquake and didnt go to bed that night.()2.People in Beijing also felt the earthquake.()3.More than 400,000 people were killed in the earthquake.()4.Many rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins during the aftershock.()5.People tried to get fresh w

14、ater from under the ground.F T F T F 一二三四五六五、閱讀A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP,選擇正確答案1.The title “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP” means .A.the earth was wide awake all night longB.people on the earth couldnt fall asleep that nightC.the earth shook like being crazy,causing great damage to peopleD.animal

15、s on the earth did not sleep that night答案:C一二三四五六2.All the following strange things happened in the countryside before the earthquake EXCEPT that .A.the water in the village wells rose and fellB.mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hideC.the sound of planes could be heard outside the cit

16、y of Tangshan even when no planes were in the skyD.fish swam in the bowls and ponds freely and pleasantly as usual答案:D一二三四五六3.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A.The whole nation felt the earthquake.B.When the earthquake happened people were sleeping.C.A large number of peo

17、ple lost their lives in the earthquake.D.Half a million pigs and millions of chickens died.4.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us about?A.People saw bright lights in the sky at about 3:00 am on July 28,1976.B.A terrible earthquake happened that night.C.People were asleep as usual that night.

18、D.Some strange things happened before the earthquake.答案:A答案:D一二三四五六5.Whats the meaning of the last sentence “Slowly,the city began to breathe again.”?A.People werent sad any more.B.The life in Tangshan began to return to normal.C.The earthquake finally came to an end.D.Those who were trapped were sa

19、ved.答案:B 一二三四五六Post-reading六、下面一段文章是課文原文的濃縮,仔細閱讀,根據課文內容將其補充完整Some strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.The chickens and even the pigs were too nervous eat.Fish jumped out their ponds.The water in the wells rose and fell.There were some deep cracks the well walls.The wa

20、ter pipes in some buildings cracked and (burst).Then everything began to shake.A big natural disaster,an earthquake,was coming.to of in burst 一二三四五六The greatest earthquake happened in Tangshan in 1976.It was so serious one-third of the nation felt it.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city (lie) in

21、 ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.Bricks covered the ground red autumn leaves.Even the railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.Whats even worse,a great number of people were (bury) under the ruins.The survivors were (shock) by they saw before their eyes.People had no idea ho

22、w long the disaster would last.that lay like buried shocked what 1234567891011121.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.(P25)想象一下你家的房子開始晃動,你必須馬上離開家。考點一:imagine v. 想象【高考典句】(2015北京高考)Without wandering minds,we wouldnt have relativity,Coke or Post-it notes.Can you imagine w

23、hat kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?沒有走神,我們就不會有相對論,可口可樂或便利貼。你能想象沒有這樣的想法和發明我們會擁有一個什么樣的世界嗎?【高考典句】(2014江西高考)Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.也想象一下閉著眼睛度過你的余生會是什么樣子。123456789101112考點延伸閱讀下列句子,指出imagine的詞組及含義。Can you imagi

24、ne a 60-year-old Japanese floating two days alone in the sea?你能想象一位60歲的日本人獨自一人在海上漂流了兩天嗎?詞組:imagine sb/sbs doing sth含義:想象某人做某事123456789101112考點二:right away立刻;馬上【高考典句】(2014江蘇高考)Dad,I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.爸爸,我認為奧里弗不是那種適合這項工作的人。I see,Ill go right away and pay him off.我明

25、白了。我立刻去給他付清工資讓他走。【高考典句】The T-shirt I received is not the same as is shown online.我收到的T恤衫和網上展示的不一樣。How come?But I promise you well look into it right away.怎么會呢?但我向你承諾我們將立刻調查這件事情。Wait for a moment.I will be back right away.等一會兒,我馬上回來。123456789101112right away用法歸納:right now 現在;馬上at once 馬上;立刻without de

26、lay 毫不延遲in no time 馬上;立刻immediately adv.馬上;立刻1234567891011122)Its not early,so youd better start right .同義句轉換3)We have a few minutes left,so we should start immediately.We have a few minutes left,so we should start .123456789101112翻譯句子4)你最好立刻和他聯系。答案:1)accepting2)away/now3)right away/at once/without

27、delay4)Youd better get in touch with him right away.1234567891011122.In the farmyards,the chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.(P26)農家大院里的雞,甚至豬都緊張得不想吃食。剖析:本句中的介詞短語In the farmyards在句中作地點狀語,意思是“在農家大院中”。too nervous to eat在句子中作表語,意思為“太緊張了而不吃食物”,在這里我們要注意詞組too.to.,意為“太而不能”。如:The man is too old t

28、o carry such a heavy box.這個人太老了,搬不動這么重的箱子。123456789101112詞組too.to.可以由詞組be not enough to替換。副詞too與all,only,quite等副詞連用,構成all too.“太”;only too.“非常、實在太”;quite too.“簡直太”。1234567891011121234567891011123.In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26)在市內,有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開來。考點:burst vi. 爆裂;爆

29、發n. 突然破裂;爆發【高考典句】(2014安徽高考)Then she threw a stone into the beehive,which burst into life.接著她把一塊石頭扔進蜂房,這使得蜜蜂活躍起來。When the balloon burst,the little girl burst out crying/burst into tears.氣球爆裂了,小女孩突然大哭起來。123456789101112The storm burst and we all got wet.突然下起了暴雨,我們都淋濕了。歸納:burst為不規則動詞,其過去式、過去分詞均為burst。Up

30、on his appearance,there was a burst of applause.他一出現就爆發出一陣掌聲。考點延伸閱讀下列句子,指出burst的詞組及含義。When the man burst into the office,I was talking with a student of mine.當男子闖入辦公室的時候,我正在和我的一名學生談話。詞組:burst into含義:闖入 123456789101112The woman felt wronged and burst into tears.=The woman felt wronged and burst out c

31、rying.這個婦女感到委屈,放聲哭起來。詞組:burst into tears=burst out crying含義:突然大哭,放聲大哭Upon hearing the funny story,everybody burst into laughter.=Upon hearing the funny story,everybody burst out laughing.一聽到這個滑稽的故事,大家都突然大笑起來。詞組:burst into laughter=burst out laughing含義:突然大笑/放聲大笑123456789101112He burst in on me while

32、I was working.我在工作時,他突然打斷了我。The door opened suddenly and the children burst in.門突然打開了,孩子們闖了進來。詞組:burst in含義:打斷;闖進來 1234567891011121234567891011121234567891011124.It seemed as if the world was at an end!(P26)仿佛到了世界末日!剖析:本句中的as if引導的是一個表語從句,其中as if可以與as though換用。考點一:as if 仿佛;好像【高考典句】(2014重慶高考)It was J

33、ohn who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?是約翰打破了窗子。你為什么和我談話就好像是我做的一樣?He walked in as if he had bought the school.他走進來,仿佛他已經購買了這所學校。123456789101112考點延伸1)閱讀下列句子,指出as if/though的用法。 It seems as if/though their team is going to lose the game.看來他們隊好像要輸掉這場比賽。用法:as if與as though同

34、義,在look,seem等系動詞后引導表語從句。 The floodwater pushed aside the cars as if they were toys.洪水把汽車推向一邊,就好像它們是玩具。用法:as if常用來引導方式狀語從句。1234567891011122)as if引導的從句的語氣及時態根據當時的情況而定。當說話者認為句子所描述的是真實的或極有可能發生或存在的事實時,as if 從句用陳述語氣。當說話人認為句子所描述的是不真實的或極少有可能發生或存在的情況時,as if從句用虛擬語氣。閱讀下列句子,指出as if從句接虛擬語氣的用法。 He treats his step

35、father as if he were a stranger.他待他的繼父如同陌生人一般。用法1:as if引導的從句表示與現在事實相反,謂語動詞用一般過去時(be動詞應該用were)。123456789101112He spoke English perfectly as if he had lived in England for many years.他英語講得很好,好像他在英國生活了多年似的。用法2:as if引導的從句表示與過去事實相反,謂語動詞用過去完成時。I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.我覺得自己心花怒放。用法3:as if

36、從句表示與將來事實相反,謂語動詞用would/could/might+動詞原形。123456789101112考點二:at an end 結束;終結Thank God!The work is at an end!謝天謝地!這活兒終于干完了!考點延伸閱讀下列句子,指出end的詞組及含義。We had studied English for three years by the end of last term.到上學期末為止,我們已學了三年英語了。詞組:by the end of含義:到末 The war came to an end in 1948.戰爭于1948年結束。詞組:come to

37、an end含義:結束 123456789101112 【高考典句】(2014安徽高考)At the end of the day,she returned to take me back to my accommodation.在夜色將晚時,她回來把我帶回我的住處。詞組:at the end of含義:在結束時 He sat there for hours on end.他連續幾個小時坐在那兒。詞組:on end含義:連續地 We must put an end to this foolish behaviour.我們必須終止這種愚蠢的行為。詞組:put an end to含義:結束 The

38、 plan ended in failure.那項計劃以失敗告終。詞組:end in含義:以結束 123456789101112end詞組歸納:at an end結束;終結by the end of到末come to an end結束at the end of在結束時;在末/盡頭on end連續地put an end to結束end in以結束1234567891011121234567891011121234567891011125.A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across ho

39、uses,roads and canals.(P26) 一條八公里長三十米寬的巨大裂縫穿過房屋、道路和隧道。剖析:本句是一個復合句。從句是由關系代詞that引導的定語從句,先行詞是a huge crack;that在定語從句中可以指人或物,在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語。但不能放在介詞后面作賓語。This is a tree that is five metres tall.這是一棵五米高的樹。1234567891011125612347891011126.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(P26)在可怕的十五秒鐘內,

40、一座大城市變成了一片廢墟。考點:ruin n. 廢墟;毀滅vt. 毀滅;損害The soldiers were rescuing the people buried in the ruins.戰士們正在營救埋在廢墟中的人們。【高考典句】(2014福建高考)Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms.許多村社感到他們的鄉村正在被風力發電場的發電機器所毀掉。Dont let a small disagreement ruin

41、 your friendship.不要讓小小的分歧毀了你們的友誼。I was ruined by that law case.我被那場官司毀了。561234789101112考點延伸1)in ruins 嚴重受損;破敗不堪(一般用作表語)After the big fire,the building was in ruins.大火過后,大樓已成廢墟。2)閱讀下列句子,指出ruin的詞組及含義。A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.革命過后,許多教堂都毀了。詞組:fall into ruin含義:成為廢墟;坍

42、塌 It made our plan come/go to ruin.這使得我們的計劃落空。詞組:go/come to ruin含義:毀滅;落空 561234789101112He ruined himself by taking drugs.他因吸毒毀掉了自己。詞組:ruin oneself含義:毀掉自己 What he does will ruin his fame.他做的一切將毀壞他的名譽。詞組:ruin ones fame含義:毀壞某人的名譽 561234789101112ruin詞組歸納:fall into ruin成為廢墟;坍塌go/come to ruin毀滅;落空ruin on

43、eself毀掉自己ruin ones fame毀壞某人的名譽5612347891011125612347891011126751234891011127.Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(P26)三分之二的人在地震中死去或受傷。剖析:“分數+of+.”作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數應由of后面的詞決定。如果of后面接population這一名詞時,謂語動詞的單復數應由表語來確定。【高考典句】(2014遼寧高考)Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a

44、 day using computers or other digital products.三分之二的美國人每天使用電腦或其他數碼產品的時間多達七個小時。675123489101112Two-thirds of the work has been finished by now.到目前為止已完成了三分之二的工作。One-third of the population in that city are foreigners.在那座城市三分之一的人是外國人。注意:類似用法的還有“some of,plenty of,a lot of,most of,the rest of,all of,half

45、of,part of或百分數+of+.”。考點:injure vt. 損害;傷害You will injure your health by smoking too much.你吸煙太多,會損害身體的。One of the players injured his knee.其中一名球員傷了膝蓋。675123489101112考點延伸1)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的詞性及含義。We ran to escape and fortunately no one was injured.我們跑著逃脫,幸運的是,沒有人受傷。詞性:形容詞含義:受傷的The boy cant go to play basket

46、ball because of his injury.那個男孩因為受傷不能去打籃球。詞性:名詞含義:傷害/損傷6751234891011122)閱讀下列句子,指出the injured的含義及用法。 The injured in the accident were sent to the nearest hospital right away.事故中的傷者立即被送往醫院。含義:受傷的人/傷員(們)用法:the injured作主語時,其謂語動詞應用復數形式。6751234891011123)辨析:injure/wound/hurt/harminjure一般指人在意外事故中造成的傷害,如機器造成

47、的或在運動中受到的傷害。wound指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷,是出血的、嚴重的傷,特指在戰場上受傷。hurt是一般用語,指肉體或精神上的傷害,常伴有強烈的疼痛感;還可表示“疼,痛”。harm指“危害,損害”。675123489101112The little hero was wounded badly in the battle,and unfortunately,he was also injured in a car accident on his way to hospital,which let him feel hurt deeply.He knew clearly that t

48、he war harmed the whole country.這位小英雄在一次戰斗中嚴重受傷,不幸的是,在他去醫院的途中又在一起車禍中受傷,這讓他內心深受傷害。他清楚地知道那次戰爭給整個國家造成了危害。6751234891011126751234891011127865123491011128.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.(P26)人們無論朝哪里看,哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。剖析:本句中的Everywhere用作連詞,意為“無論哪里”,引導讓步狀語從句。如:Everywhere they went,they we

49、re warmly welcomed.他們每到一處,都受到熱烈歡迎。786512349101112考點延伸everywhere也可用作副詞或名詞。【高考典句】(2015北京高考)Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life,mostly for the better.技術變化無處不在,影響著生活的每一個方面,大多數是朝更好的方向變化。People came from everywhere to celebrate the victory.人們從各處匯集而來慶祝勝利。786512349101112考點:de

50、stroy vt. 破壞;毀壞;消滅【高考典句】(2014遼寧高考)This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons in our brains,and when one tree is destroyed,it affects all.這種隱藏的系統以一種與我們大腦的神經元網絡相似的方式工作,但一棵樹被毀掉時,它會影響到所有的。Heat gradually destroys vitamin C.加熱會逐漸破壞維生素C。Theyve destroyed all the evidence.他們已經銷

51、毀了一切證據。786512349101112考點延伸辨析:destroy/damage/ruindestroy指徹底的損壞,常含有不能或很難修復的意思。damage意為“損壞,毀壞,損害”,指部分損壞,降低某物的使用價值。還可用作名詞,意為“損壞”,do/cause damage to“給帶來/造成損壞”。ruin指對物體或生命徹底的破壞,但往往是指非暴力的,也不是一次性打擊的結果。也可指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。786512349101112A sudden storm destroyed the farmers crops and greatly damaged their house

52、s,and it ruined their hope.一場突如其來的暴風雨毀壞了農民們的莊稼,并對房子造成了巨大破壞,這毀掉了他們的希望。7865123491011127865123491011128976512341011129.People were shocked.(P26)人們震驚了。考點:shock vt.& vi. (使) 震驚;震動 n. 休克;打擊;震驚The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.父母對他們的兒子膝蓋需要手術的消息感到震驚。She

53、was taken to hospital suffering from shock.她因休克被送到醫院。【高考典句】(2014福建高考)Her husband was with her,but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.她的丈夫和她在一起,但是到處都是血,這個婦女非常尷尬,很明顯處于極度震驚狀態。897651234101112考點延伸1)閱讀下列句子,指出shock的用法。The news of his death was a shock to us.他去世的消息

54、令我們震驚。用法:shock作 “使人震驚的事情” 講時,常與不定冠詞連用。2)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的詞性及含義。People present were shocked at the words from him.在場的人們對于他說的話感到驚愕。詞性:形容詞含義:震驚的The shocking news has left the woman in great sorrow.這個令人震驚的消息使得這個婦女極度悲傷。詞性:形容詞含義:使人震驚的89765123410111289765123410111291087651234111210.Some of the rescue workers a

55、nd doctors were trapped under the ruins.(P26)有些救援人員和醫生被困在了廢墟下面。考點一:rescue n.& vt.援救;營救Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,sending supplies to the area after the earthquake.地震發生后,許多救援人員夜以繼日地工作,把物資運到那個地區。【高考典句】(2014課標全國高考)Many scholars are making efforts to rescue disappearing lan

56、guages.許多學者正在努力拯救正在消失的語言。910876512341112考點延伸1)閱讀下列句子,指出rescue的詞組及含義。The lifeboats were sent to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.已派出救生艇去營救沉船上的水手們。詞組:rescue.from.含義:把從(地方)營救出來John came to my rescue when I was in danger.當我處于危險時,約翰來救了我。詞組:come to ones rescue含義:援救或幫助某人 9108765123411122)辨析:rescue/

57、saverescue多指在緊急情況下迅速有力地搶救,后常接from,意為“從中救出”。save是普通用語,使用范圍比較廣泛,意為“挽救,搭救”。考點二:trap vt.使陷入困境 n. 陷阱;困境【高考典句】(2015湖北高考)The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him,and he began to run happily around again.那匹馬駒事實上是被困在了兩塊巖石之間。農夫解救了它,它又開始快樂地到處跑。910876512341112He used some cheese

58、 to trap the rat.他用了些乳酪誘捕老鼠。The hunter set traps to catch foxes.獵人設置了陷阱來捕捉狐貍。When you are in a trap,I will come to your help.當你處于困境時,我會來幫助你。910876512341112考點延伸1)trap的過去式為trapped,過去分詞也為trapped,現在分詞為trapping。2)閱讀下列句子,指出trap的詞組及含義。Once you fall into a trap,it will not be easy to get out of it.一旦你落入了圈套,

59、擺脫它就不那么容易。詞組:fall into a trap含義:落入圈套 They were trapped in a cave.他們被困在山洞里。詞組:be trapped in含義:被困在 910876512341112trap詞組歸納:fall into a trap落入圈套be trapped in被困在91087651234111291087651234111291087651234111291087651234111210119876512341211.All hope was not lost.(P26)不是所有的希望都破滅了。考點:本句是一個部分否定的句子。all/all of.not.,not all.,等表示部分否定,其意思是 “