1、非謂語動詞The non-predicate verbs非謂語動詞使用條件非謂語動詞使用條件一個句子一個句子當中，當中，已經存在一個已經存在一個主句主句（謂語動詞）（謂語動詞）,又沒有又沒有連詞連詞的情況下的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現時。還有別的動詞出現時。She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.不定式不定式分詞分詞動名詞動名詞過去分詞過去分詞現在分詞現在分詞非謂非謂語動語動詞的詞的構成構成表某一次具體的動作表某一次具體的

2、動作表將來表將來表目的表目的否定式：否定式：not to do 不定式的時態和語態 to do to have doneto be doingto be doneto have been doneto have been doing I opened the door to enter the room. 一般式一般式( to do ):它表示該動它表示該動作與主句的謂語動詞作與主句的謂語動詞_發生或者發生或者_發發生。生。Its nice to meet you.He wants to be an artist. 同時同時之后之后完成式完成式(to have done):不定式所表示的動作發

3、生在謂語動作不定式所表示的動作發生在謂語動作_。 我似乎以前在什么地方見過他。我似乎以前在什么地方見過他。 I seem _him somewhere before 收到那么多精美禮物，他很高興。收到那么多精美禮物，他很高興。 He was happy _ many nice gifts. 這部小說據說已被譯成好幾種外語。這部小說據說已被譯成好幾種外語。 The novel is said _ into several foreign languagesto have metto have receivedto have been translated之前之前進行式進行式(to be doin

4、g):表示謂語的動作與不定式的動作表示謂語的動作與不定式的動作_發生。發生。我進去時他恰好在打電話。我進去時他恰好在打電話。He happened_ when I went in. 老師看她時，這個姑娘裝著在聽講。老師看她時，這個姑娘裝著在聽講。The girl pretended_ when the teacher looked at herto be callingto be listening同時同時他不喜歡被他人嘲笑。他不喜歡被他人嘲笑。He dislikes _她不喜歡被當成孩子一樣對待她不喜歡被當成孩子一樣對待.She doesnt like _ as child.那些書似乎已經丟

5、了那些書似乎已經丟了The books seem _. to be laughed at by others不定式被動式不定式被動式(to be done/ to have been done)如果不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者如果不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者,不定式不定式需用被動語態需用被動語態 to be + 過去分詞過去分詞to be treated to have been lost動詞不定式所充當的句子成分動詞不定式所充當的句子成分To do that sort of thing is foolish.I want to see you this evening.His dream

6、 is to be a doctor.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to drink cold water after the operation. 主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補賓補To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.= It is really important to master a foreign language nowadays.（it作為形

7、式主語）作為形式主語）To give up smoking is right.= It is right to give up smoking.1.當今掌握一門外語真的很重要。當今掌握一門外語真的很重要。2. 放棄吸煙是對的。放棄吸煙是對的。主語主語Fred didnt have any money, so he decided .He promised _ 1. Fred 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。2. 他答應不告訴任何人這事。他答應不告訴任何人這事。賓語賓語to look for a jobnot to tell anyone about it.hope

8、wish want agree promise demand ask refuse manage learn decidepretend choosefail dare offer help三個三個希望希望兩兩答應答應兩個兩個要求要求莫莫拒絕拒絕做到學會做到學會作作決定決定不要不要假裝假裝在在選擇選擇沒敢提出沒敢提出來來幫助幫助只能接不定式作賓語的動詞只能接不定式作賓語的動詞My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英語。我的工作是教英語。他的夢想是成為一名音樂家。他的夢想是成為一名音樂家。你必須做的事就是按一下這個鈕。你必須做的事就是按一下這個鈕。 His dream

9、 is to be a musician.What you have to do is (to) press this button. 如果主語部分的謂語動詞或非謂語動詞中含如果主語部分的謂語動詞或非謂語動詞中含有有 do,作表語的不定式可省去作表語的不定式可省去 to.有有do無無to，有，有to無無do. 表語表語She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在這兒。她叫我呆在這兒。2.請允許我介紹請允許我介紹Mr. White給你們。給你們。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.賓補賓補一感二聽三使讓,四看一注

10、意半幫助,主動不帶to, 被動to復位. feel; listen to, hear; let, make, have; watch, look at, see, observe; notice; help I saw her come. She was seen to come. I watched him disappear in the distance. 不定式做賓補的省略現象不定式做賓補的省略現象注意注意作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復時，動作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復時，動詞不定式常常省去詞不定式常常省去to 后面后面的動詞，只的動詞，只保留保留to 。A: Would you lik

11、e to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么要說的嗎你有什么要說的嗎?2. Betty是第一個知道這真相的人是第一個知道這真相的人. Betty was the first to know the truth.定語定語注：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不注：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的

12、名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點工定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點工具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。 He is looking for a room to live in There is nothing to worry about Please give me a knife to cut with 如果不定式修飾如果不定式修飾time,place,way，可以省略介詞：，可以省略介詞： He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. 如何區別不定式做賓補和

13、不定式做定語 Teacher asked us to clean classroom. He is looking for a room to live in 主動關系主動關系被動關系被動關系賓補賓補定語定語1. To learn English well, you have to practise more.= In order to learn English well, you have to practise more.2. Im too tired to walk any farther tonight.He searched the room only to find nothin

14、g. 3. Im glad to see you. 目的狀語目的狀語. .結果狀語結果狀語狀語狀語原因狀語原因狀語不定式還可在句中作獨立成分不定式還可在句中作獨立成分, 表示說話人的態度或看法表示說話人的態度或看法, 此時不定式邏輯主語和句子主語不一致此時不定式邏輯主語和句子主語不一致:說實話，我不同意你的觀點。說實話，我不同意你的觀點。_, Sam is the right person for the post坦率地講，我不同意你的看法。坦率地講，我不同意你的看法。_, I dont agree with you老實說老實說, 你的計劃不實用。你的計劃不實用。_, your plan is

15、 not practical首先首先, 我想談談我們的發展計劃。我想談談我們的發展計劃。_, Id like to talk about our development planTo tell the truthTo be frankTo be honestTo begin with 不定式在感官動詞不定式在感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to,hear, observe 和使役和使役動詞動詞 have, make, let 后作賓語補足語時后作賓語補足語時, 不定不定式省略式省略to 。 不定式符號不定式符號to作表語

16、時的省略。當主語部分作表語時的省略。當主語部分有行為動詞有行為動詞do, 作表語的不定式作表語的不定式to可省略。可省略。 例例: What I want to do now is find some books to read. 介詞介詞but ,except, besides 后接不定式作賓語后接不定式作賓語時，介詞前有行為動詞時，介詞前有行為動詞do ,不定式要省去不定式要省去to。 例例: We did nothing but/except wait then. 1.There was nothing I could do but _(wait)2.There was no choic

17、e but _ (wait)3.She could do anything except _ (clean) the floor.waitto waitclean1.- Would you like to go to the Great Theatre with me tonight. - _. A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with you tonight . B. Id love to. C. No, I wouldnt D. Thats all right 2.- Does your brother intend to s

18、tudy Germany? - Yes, he intends _. A. / B. to C. so D. that 句式句式 would have done , should have done, ought to have done, neednt have done , used to be 等省略形式為等省略形式為 would have , should have , ought to have, neednt have , used to be, 要保留不定式后的要保留不定式后的be或或have。 例例 -Are you a sailor ? - No, but I used to

19、 be (a sailor ). 1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I dont know _.to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how to do2. His voice made me _ terrible.To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt3. My parents told me _ people when they are in trouble.never laugh at B. not to laugh at dont laugh at D. no

20、t laugh at4. Its bad manners _ rude to people.to be B. are C. be D. to being5. Its interesting _ us to take part in the games.A. of B. to C. for D. at6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make7.Ive worked with ch

21、ildren before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects8. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having goneparticiple分詞具有的形容詞性和副詞性。 分詞的否定形式：not +分詞形容詞性 副詞性定語定語狀語狀語表語表語現

22、 在 分 詞 時 態 和 語 態doing being done doing having donehaving been donehaving done1）一般式表示與主語動詞同時發生）一般式表示與主語動詞同時發生。Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。 Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 一到那兒，他們就發現那男孩死了一到那兒，他們就發現那男孩死了。The secretary worked late into the night, _a lon

23、g speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing2）完成時表示先于主語動詞發生。）完成時表示先于主語動詞發生。Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作業后，他出去了。做完作業后，他出去了。=As he had finished his homework, he went out.Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go there yesterday. _ a

24、reply, he decided to write again. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not receivedWalking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.Not having received an answer, I wrote to him again.The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times,the naughty boy ma

25、de the same mistake. There are many sleeping students in class. （表語）（表語）（定語）（定語）Feeling the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy.The students feel the lesson boring.we are bored in this class.（賓補）（賓補）（狀語）（狀語）分詞成分分詞成分定定語語We can see the rising sun. There was a girl sitting there.the question disc

26、ussed yesterday the fallen leaves (只表示完成，不表示被動)現在分詞和過去分詞做定語的區別 boiled water boiling water developed countries developing countries fallen leaves falling leaves The teacher teaching us English is Mr. Sun=The teacher who teaches / is teaching us English is Mr. Sun.The people sitting behind us are all

27、teachers.=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers. This will be the best novel ever written. =This will be the best novel that has ever been written. Who were the guests invited to your party last night? =Who were the guests that had been invited to your party last night. 1. We saw som

28、e students _ _ 2.They have the fireburning all night. playing basketball on the playground.賓補3. I heard the song sung several times last week. Last year they had the house _.(重建）重建）When you speak English, be sure to make yourself _. （理解）（理解）Youd better have your bike _.（修理）（修理）rebuiltunderstoodrepai

29、red 當我們回到學校時當我們回到學校時, 發現一個陌生人站在大門口。發現一個陌生人站在大門口。 When we returned to the school, we _at the entrance. 我看地板上放著一個包。我看地板上放著一個包。 I _on the ground. 那老板讓工人整夜地工作。那老板讓工人整夜地工作。 The boss _the whole night. found a stranger standingsaw a bag lyingKept / had the workers workingPracticeComplete the sentences:表語Th

30、e film is interesting / touching / moving. We are interested / touched / moved.分詞分詞可以在句中充當時間、原因、目的、結果、可以在句中充當時間、原因、目的、結果、條件、伴隨條件、伴隨 、讓步等狀語。、讓步等狀語。狀語Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents. Given more time,Ill be able to do it better. Playing all day,you will waste your valuable

31、time. Being a League member,he is always helping others.He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces. 原因原因條條件件原因原因結果結果1. Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old.2. Seen from the top of the mountain, the view is so wonderful.3. Seeing the beautiful view, he never felt so good.4. The trainer a

32、ppeared, followed by six little dogs.5. Students entered into the room, following the teacher. 現在現在分詞作插入語 generally speaking一般說來 talking of （speaking of） 說道 strictly speaking 嚴格的說 judging from 從判斷 Generally speaking, the book is not very difficult. 總的來說，這本書不太難。 Judging from his accent, he must be fr

33、om America. 從口音看，他一定是美國人。1. Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run2. _is 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B it was founded C. Founded D. FoundingWith 的復合結構 “with賓語賓語補足語”with + 名詞名詞+doingto

34、dodone1. He went home, with nothing to do.2. The children looked at us, with their eyes opening wide. 3. We cant go on, with the plan refused by our government.表動作與謂語動詞同時發表動作與謂語動詞同時發生，主動狀態生，主動狀態表示將來的動作表示將來的動作表被動狀態表被動狀態 She had to walk home with her bike _. 自行車被偷，她只好步行回家。 With a lot of work _, he was

35、nt allowed to go out. 因為還有很多工作要做，他沒有被允許外出。 With prices _ so fast, we cant afford luxuries. 由于物價上漲很快，我們買不起高檔商品stolento dogoing up1. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on2. With lots of trees and flowers _here and there, the city looks very beaut

36、iful.A. having planted B. planted C. have been planted D. to be planted Gerund 動名詞否定式：not + v-ing一一. 動名詞的基本構成動名詞的基本構成二. 動名詞的性質動名詞既具有動詞的特點有具有名詞的特點，具體表現為：1.動名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾I hope you dont mind my saying it.His being late made me angry.2. 動名詞可帶有自己的賓語和狀語Are you for or against having the meeting.I insist

37、ed on leaving at once.三.動名詞的功能1、 動名詞作主語 動名詞做主語，表示一種概念、習慣或經驗。Seeing is believing.眼見為實Going to Britain to study for one year is an enjoyable experience for me.去英國學習一年對我來說是一次愉快的經歷。動名詞做主語，有時用it做形式上的主語， 把動名詞放在句末， 此種用法常用在習慣用語中。1) Its no use crying when you know you have done wrong.2) Its no good playing c

38、omputer games every day when you are in Senior school.3) Its no fun calling her names.4) Its a waste of time mourning when I am dead.5) Its worthwhile having a good friends who can share your happiness and sorrows.6) There is no point in arguing with him. no use no good Its + no fun + doing a shame

39、a waste of time/money There is no use/good/point+ doing.是沒有用的/沒有好處的/沒有意義常見的只能接動名詞做賓語的動詞有：喜歡考慮不可免喜歡考慮不可免,enjoy, consider, avoid停止放棄太冒險。停止放棄太冒險。stop, give up, risk承認理解很值得承認理解很值得,admit, understand, worth介意想象莫推延。介意想象莫推延。mind, imagine, put off/delay要求完成是期望要求完成是期望,require, finish, look forward to建議繼續勤操練。建

40、議繼續勤操練。advice/suggest, keep on, practice不禁不禁準許來準許來原原諒諒,cant help/forbid, permit, forgive介詞后面尋常見。介詞后面尋常見。 I have just finished doing my home work. I suggested asking his brother for some money. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.注一：在動詞advise, allow, permit（允許） forbid(禁止

41、)，consider等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟動名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟不定式。例如: We dont allow _(smoke) in our school.(2) Students are not permitted _(enter) the laboratory freely.(3) John advised me _(forgive) her for what she had done.(4) He is considering _(apologize) to her for what he has done.smokingto enterto forgiveapologizin

42、g注二：某些動詞短語后也要求跟動名詞做賓語。give up, feel like, have trouble/difficulty in doing sth,be fond of, be worth , be busy等。 他們要通過這場數學考試有很大的困難。 They have difficulty in passing math exam. 2.我今天不太想散步。 I dont feel like walking very much today. 3.他值得信任。 He is worth trusting.注三：動名詞做介詞to的賓語，必須記住下列常用短語。look forward tog

43、et used todevotetopay attention tostick to get down tolead toon ones way toMake up some sentencesby yourselves.注四：如果主語是某一事物，在以下動詞后用動名詞表示被動含義。 want (需要需要)Sth. + need (需要需要) + doing require (需要需要) be worth(值得值得) + to be doneThe room wants_.(clean)The methods needs_.(improve)The problem requires _.(wor

44、k out)The problem is well worth _.(discuss)cleaningimprovingworking outdiscussingto be cleanedto be improvedto be worked outto be discussed注四：動詞 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接動名詞表示“習慣性動作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動作”。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim today.當用在 should, would之后時，只跟不定式。I would like to tell

45、you a story.I would prefer to go to school by bike.英語中有些動詞可以接英語中有些動詞可以接-ing 也可以接也可以接to do ,但含義不同但含義不同.rememberforgetgo on to do （ 未做的事）未做的事）doing （已做的事）（已做的事）to do(遺憾要做某事遺憾要做某事)doing(后悔做了某事后悔做了某事)regretto do(繼續做另外一件事繼續做另外一件事)doing(繼續做同一件事繼續做同一件事)stopto do(停下手中的事去做另外一件停下手中的事去做另外一件)doing(停止做正在做的事情停止做正

46、在做的事情)英語中有些動詞可以接動名詞也可以接英語中有些動詞可以接動名詞也可以接不定式不定式,但含義不同但含義不同.tryto do(設法設法)doing(嘗試著做嘗試著做)meanto do （打算（打算）doing （意味著）（意味著）considerto do （認為（認為）doing （考慮）（考慮）cant helpto do （不能幫助）（不能幫助）doing （情不自禁地（情不自禁地 忍不住地）忍不住地） Please stop talking. Having worked long, he stopped to rest. Please go on reading. After

47、 learning history, we went on to learn English. I remember seeing you somewhere before. Please remember to post the letter.7.Youve got it? Ah, yes. I forgot posting it.8.Dont forget to do it.9.I regret not watching the match.10.I regret to tell you that I cant go.11.Please try doing it in another wa

48、y.12.I tried to do it but failed.13.Im considering moving.14.I consider him to be my best friend.3、動名詞做定語動名詞做定語和它所修飾的名詞之間沒有主謂關系，一般情況下表示名詞的用途。a swimming pool a swimming boya walking stick a walking mana washing machinea reading room4. 動名詞的復合結構當動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，需要加上自己的邏輯主語，構成動名詞的復合結構。構成一：物主代詞 / 名詞所有格 + 動名

49、詞 在句中作主語瑪麗的遲到讓老師很生氣。Marys coming late made her teacher very angry.他們來幫忙對我們來說是極大的鼓勵。Their coming to help is a great encouragement to us.構成二：人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞的普通格 + 動名詞 在句中作賓語我不能容忍瑪麗那樣子和她母親說話。 I cant stand Mary/ Marys talking to her mother like that.我確信他能按時到。 I am sure of him coming on time.我從來沒有聽說過女性能當飛行員。

50、I have never heard of a woman being a pilot.三、動名詞的時態和語態 完成式：動名詞完成式表示其動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發生。 I regret not having taken your advice.He didint mention having met you before.2. 被動式：當動名詞的邏輯主語是動名詞動作對象時該動名詞要求用被動形式。She didnt mind being called a housewife.sittingsayingtellingplaying Its not useful _(sit) here wai

51、ting. Its not good_(tell) him the truth,to sitto tellConsolidation exercises1. I cant understand _ her like that. you treat B. you to treat C. you treated D. you treating2. its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. To have had B. Having had C. Have

52、D. HavingDD（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried（2011四川卷）2. Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study(2011上海卷) 27. Its no use _ without taking

53、 action. complain B. complaining A.C. being complained D. to be complained ABB非謂語做題步驟非謂語做題步驟一、分析句子結構一、分析句子結構,辨別辨別“謂與非謂謂與非謂”1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . Having been told Told C. He was told D. Though he had been toldCA 非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執行者就叫做邏輯主語。二，找邏輯主語二，找邏輯主語_ these pictures, I couldnt help thinki