1、中英語選修6第一單元知識點、語法及練習第一單元知識點1.abstract1) adj.深奧的,抽象的e.g.Beautyisabstractbutahouseisnot.2) v.提煉，抽取；概括，寫摘要e.g.Rubberisabstractedfromtrees.e.g.Heisabstractingastoryforabookreview#在為一篇書評撰寫故事摘要。3) n.anabstractofalectur屋個演講的摘要2 .WouldyouratherhaveChineseorWestern-stylepaintingsinyourhome?wouldratherdosth情愿做

2、一e.g.Iwouldratherstayathometoday.wouldrathersbdosth青愿sb做一e.g.Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsthe.g.Iwouldrathergowithyouthanstayhere.=Iwouldgowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefertogowithyouratherthan

3、stayhere.=Iprefergoingwithyoutostayinghere.3 .faithn.信任，信仰breakone'sfaithwithsb.對某人不守信用keepfaithwith忠于信仰；守信havefaithin相信，信任losefaithin不再相信ingoodfaith老實地；誠懇地e.g.Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了對他的諾言。Hewholosesfaith,losesall失去信心的人，失去所有。faithfuladj.忠誠的，可靠的befaithfulto對一忠誠4 .consequentlyadv.所以，因止匕e.g.MrFoster

4、hasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittleaboutit.consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的consequencen結(jié)果asaconsequence/result=inconsequenceasaconsequence/resultof=becauseofe.g.Shewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit).5 .aimA.1)n.目標(C)e.g.Whatisyouraiminlife?你生活的目的是什么？withoutaim無目的的/無目標的achieveone

5、saim達至U目標missonesaim打不中目標(U)對準，瞄準takeaimate.g.Thehuntertookaimatthelion.2)v.(以槍等)對準，瞄準aimataimatthetarget=takeaimatthetarge®準靶子e.g.Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.aimlessa.無目標的,無目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.B.打算,計劃，以一為目標，立志做aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄準,力求做到，力爭達到e.g.Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor./Harrya

6、imstobecomeadoctor.6.evidentadj.明白的，明顯的e.g.Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)thate.g.It'sevidentthatyouaretired.n.evidence證據(jù);證明inevidence=evident明顯的7 .realistic現(xiàn)實主義的，逼真的，現(xiàn)實的inamorerealisticway以一種更逼真的形式realism現(xiàn)實主義realist現(xiàn)實主義者realadj.真的realizev.實現(xiàn)8 .adoptvt.1） .采

7、取;采納;吸收e.g.Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion.2） .過繼，收養(yǎng)（+as）e.g.Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.3） .正式通過，接受e.g.Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion.adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的，被采用的anadoptedchild9 .possess用作動詞時，不能用于進行時。1） “有，擁有"e.g.Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartistearlywo

8、rks.2） “具有的特質(zhì)"bepossessedofsthS為“具有某種品質(zhì)或特征”3） “支配，控制“e.g.Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich.possessionc貝才產(chǎn)，所有物（常用復數(shù)）personalpossession就人貝才產(chǎn)e.g.Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.ul占有，擁有Take/get/have/gainpossessionof占領(lǐng)，奪取inpossessionof（表主動）占inthepossessionof=inone'spossession（表被動）被占有e.g

9、.Heisinofthehouse他擁有這套房子。Thehouseisintheofhim.這套房子在他的占有之下。10 .convincevt.“使確信；使信服”convincesb.todosth.說®某人做convincesbofsthconvincesb+that從何使某人確信某事e.g.Heconvincedmeofhissincehty.他使我確信他的真誠。Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.sb.beconvincedofsthsb.beconvincedthat某人確信。11 .attemptv.嘗試，企圖，努力去執(zhí)行或完成attemptdoi

10、ng反復嘗試做attempttodo企圖做attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doinge.g.Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.n.1）企圖或努力2）襲擊；攻擊anattemptonsomeone'slife寸某人生命的攻擊makeanattempttodosth/atdoingsth嘗試做atonesattempt在嘗試下one'sfirstattempt初次嘗試e.g.Shemadeanattempttocookthedinne她試著做這頓飯。12.ontheotherhand另一方面，相當于一個副詞。常與onone

11、han她用。Ononehand-ontheotherhandK方面另一方面e.g.Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idorrthavetoworklonghours.Ononehand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,Id6nhaveenoughmoney.athand在手邊，在附近byhand用手的，手工的gohandinhandwith與共同行動13.figure1）外形;體形;人影e.g.Isawafigureinthedarkness.2）體態(tài);風姿e.g.Shehasaslenderfigure.3）人物

12、;名人e.g.Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.4）數(shù)字e.g.Wheredidyougetthosefigures?14.1）aggressiveadj.敢作敢為的；有闖勁的；侵略性的;好斗的e.g.Heisveryaggressive他生性好斗。anaggressivesalesman干勁彳艮大的售貨員aggressiveweapons攻擊性武器2)aggressivelyadv.氣勢洶洶地3)aggressionn侵略(行動)aggressorn.侵略者15.intheflesh活生生，本人，親自fleshn.肌肉；肉e.g.Haveyoueversee

13、nJayChouintheflesh?見過周杰倫本人嗎？fleshandblood肉體，血肉之軀e.g.Thoughheisahero,heisstillfleshandblood.loseflesh減肥gain/putonflesh增肥flesh-eating食肉的16.preference1)更加的喜愛偏愛UC(+for)e.g.Awindowseatismypreferenc哦喜歡靠窗的座位。2)偏愛的事物(或人)Ce.g.Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee?3)偏袒U(+for)e.g.Parentsshouldnoshowpreferenceforan

14、yoneoftheirchildren.4)優(yōu)先(權(quán));優(yōu)惠權(quán)UCinpreferenceto優(yōu)先于haveapreferencefor偏愛e.g.Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.I'dchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone.17 .appealvi.1)呼吁，懇求appealtosbforsth.e.g.Heappealedtomeforhelp.2)訴諸，求助(+to)e.g.Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesofinformation.3)有吸弓I力,迎合愛好(+to)e.

15、g.TheideaappealedtoMary.4)【律】上訴(+to/against)e.g.Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.18 .reputationn.名譽，名聲(+for)e.g.Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplaygsreputation.liveuptoone'sreputation不負盛名loseonesreputation失去盛名winahighreputation贏得彳艮高的聲

16、譽19 .morethan+名詞意為“不僅僅”e.g.Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.1) morethan徽詞，意為“超過”相當于over,其反義詞組為lessthane.g.Therearemorethantwohundredpeopleinthepark.2) “moretha葉形容詞/副詞”是“很”或“非常”的意思。e.g.Iammorethancontentwithwhatyousaid我對你的講話十分滿意。3)在“more.than.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，肯定“more”后面的內(nèi)容而否定“than”后面的部分，常譯為“是而不是”或“與其說不如說

17、。e.g.Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.聽到這巨大的聲響，男孩與其說是害怕不如說是感到很驚訝。20.contemporary1)adj.當代的；同時代的；同年齡的e.g.HislectureisoncontemporaryAmericannovelists.Hehasfurnitureofcontemporarystyle.becontemporarywith與同時代e.g.WasJonsoncontemporarywithShakespeare?森是否與莎士比亞同輩?2)n.C同時代的人，同年齡的人；同時期的

18、東西；當代人，現(xiàn)代人e.g.Hewaslookeddownuponbyhiscontemporaries被他的同時代的人瞧不起。1. Youhavetobe.Anybodylikeyouwithoutanyexperienceisnotlikelytobegivenabigsalaryevenifyougraduatefromafamousuniversity.A.true;realisticB.realistic;practicalC.practical;realisticD.real;realistic2. Sculpturesaresomethingbuttheconceptstheyd

19、emonstrateare,whichtakeswisdomtounderstandA.real;subtractB.concrete;abstractC.realistic;subscribeD.specific;conventional3. Havefaithyourself,befaithfulyourworkandmakeeveryeffortyoucanandthenyouarenotfarawayfromsuccess.A.of;ofB.in;inC.to;inD.in;to4. PlowingthefieldisthemeanstogrowcropsinChina,typical

20、theChinesefarmingforthousandsofyears.A.controversial;withB.traditional;inC.conventional;ofD.contemporary;to5. Strictmeasureshavetobetoprotectchildrenfromfamilyabuses.A.adapted;adoptedB.adopted;adoptedC.adjusted;adjustedD.attached;adopted6. Studentsaregivenalotofexercisestodo,toimprovetheirgrades.A.a

21、imedB.aimingC.tobeaimedD.toaim7. Nobodyknowsforsurewhopossessedtheancientflowervase.Inotherwords,nobodyknowsforsurewhoisoftheflowervase.s experieA.inpossessionB.inthepossessionC.ofthepossessionD.withpossession8. Thestoryistotallymadeup.Ifithappenstobeanyoneareheretoapologize.A.bycoincidence;similart

22、oB.byaccident;incoincidencewithC.bychance;bycoincidencewithD.X;incoincidenceto9. Whethereuthanasia樂死）shouldbemadelegalhasbeeninthelawcircleformanyyears.A.conventionalB.controversialC.potentialD.experimental10. Itisridiculousofyoutobeafraidofyourown,whichfollowseverywhereyougowhenthereislight.A.shade

23、B.shadowC.figureD.sculpture11. Ihaveheardofthefamousscholarthousandsoftimesbuthaventseenhim_A.inthefleshB.inpersonalC.infleshD.inprivate12. AllvisitorswereamazedattheskillsandtheartistwhencarvingthefigureonthemarbleA.technologies;showedB.techniques;displayedC.technology;madeD.technique;displayed13.

24、Insuchasituation,wehavetobecarefulofwhatwesayandwhatwedo.A.delicateB.fragileC.weakD.flexible14. Itasuperbmindtopredictwhatwillexactlyhappeninthefuture.A.takesB.costsC.spendsD.makes15. Itstillremainsamysterywhysomepeoplearecertainflowerfragrancewhileothersarenot.A.allergictoB.accustomedtoC.addictedto

25、D.appealingto16. EgyptahighreputationofancientcivilizationacrosstheworldA.likesB.appreciatesC.enjoysD.isfondof17.oftimeandenergyhasbeenspentinmakingtheearthquake-strickenareasapermanentmuseumtoremindpeoplehowdisastrousanaturaldisastercanbe.A.LargequantitiesB.AgreatdealC.AgoodmanyD.Aplenty18. Thegirl

26、tofigureoutwhattheboy'sattemptwasbygivingherabunchcrosesbutwithoutsuccess.A.managed;XB.succeeded;onC.attempted;atD.tried;on19. Visualteachingaidstostudentsandhelpthemlearnbetterbuttheyshouldnotbeoverusedinclass.A.attract;ontheotherhandB.appeal;ontheotherhandC.holdinterest;onotherhandD.areinteres

27、ted;ononehand20 .exhibitsmadeofclayonexhibitionhavetobetakenspecialcareofthemfrombeingdamaged.A.Delicate;preventingB.Fragile;tostopC.Weak;tokeepD.Faint;keeping21 .Theoldmanenjoyscollectingsignaturesofcotemporaryfamouspeoplefamouspaintings.A.withpreferenceofB.inpreferencetoC.inpreferenceforD.withpref

28、erenceto22.Thedistrictcommitteehavingabigheadacheinwiththeaggressiveboyswhomaketroublenowandtheninthearea.A.is;dealingB.are;dealingC.is;doingD.are;doing23. Pleasegiveusaexplanationwhyyouhavedonesoingeometryinschool.A.specific;to;wellB.concrete;for;goodC.general;to;wonderfulD.specific;to;good24. -1he

29、arthereisanartgalleryaroundhereandcouldyoutellmehowtogettoit,sir?-Itis207ontheFifthAvenue.Walkdownthisstreetandyou.A.on;can'tmissitB.at;can'tavoiditC.on;can'tescapeD.at;can25. Studentsareburdenedwithtoomuchexercises,theirschoolgrade.A.aimingtoimproveB.aimingatimprovingC.aimedtoimproveD.a

30、imedtoimproving虛擬語氣一、基本含義：虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。二、用法：（一）用于非真實條件旬1.條件句：1）真實條件句指假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生的條件句，用陳述語氣。2）非真實條件句指假設(shè)的情況是過去或限制都不存在的，或?qū)硪膊淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，用虛擬語氣2.if條件句的主句和從句的謂語動詞形式如下:if條件句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式（be用were）would/could/should/might+V原IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.（我不是你）IfIknewhi

31、stelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.（我不知道）與將來事實相反動詞過去式（be用were）should+V原Ifhecame/shouldcome/weretocomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.（他來的可能性很小）wereto+V原【學以致用】（2012湖南高考）Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.Had（二）用于賓語從句1.動詞wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣wish后的賓語從句中謂

32、語的形式例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望動詞的過去式（be用were）IwishthatIknewsomethingaboutprogramming.與過去事實相反的愿望過去完成式Theywishthattheyhadn'ttoldittous.將來的愿望would/could/should/might+V原Iwishhecouldcometomorrow.【學以致用】（2011北京高考）Wherearethechildren?Thedinneisgoingtobecompletelyruined.Iwishtheyalwayslate.D. wouldn't have beenA.w

33、eren'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldHtbe2 .表示主觀意愿的動詞后，后面賓語從句的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略如：suggest建議require要求demand要求insist堅持要求order/command命令e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe（should）setadeadlineforthecompletionoftheplan.Theyrequirethatparking（should）beallowedhere.他們要求允許在止匕處停車。Heinsistedthatshefastenhersafetybelt.

34、他要求她系好安全帶。注：suggest表示“表明.暗示"、insist表示“堅持某一說法”時、后賓語從句用陳述語氣。e.g.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfied.他臉上的表情表明他很滿意。Heinsistedthathehadnotstolenthecarandnsistedthathe（should）besetfreeatonce.他堅持說自己沒有偷那輛汽車，并堅持要求立刻釋放他。【學以致用】（2013陜西高考）Mymomsuggeststhatweeatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB

35、.mightC.couldD.Would3 .wouldrather后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿鹷ouldrather+主語+動詞過去式IwouldratherheJeftnow.Iwouldratherhecameearliertomorrow.與過去事實相反的愿望wouldrather+主語+動詞的過去完成式IwouldratherIhadnotliedyesterday.（事實上昨天撒謊了）【學以致用】（2010江蘇高考）Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,but'dratherhemoreonitsculture.A.focusB