1、種質資源國家惠益分享法律機制構建問題初探The Primarily Analysis on the Establishment of Legal System of the National Access and Benefit-sharing to Germplasm Resource貴州大學法學院 李一丁Li YidingSchool of law, Guizou University自定義頁（可選）（設計好之后可以刪掉這個文本框哦）二、報告框架 Outline 1、新種子法提出國家惠益分享法律機制的意義 Some implications of the legal system of t

2、he national access and benefit-sharing to germplasm resource in the newly Law on Seed. 2、國家惠益分享法律機制的國際法律基礎 The international law foundation of the legal system 3、應然層面國家惠益分享法律機制的構建 The establishment of the legal system? 4、初步結論 Some preliminary conclusion過渡頁（設計好之后可以刪掉這個文本框哦） 種質資源國家惠益分享法律機制構建問題初探一、新種子法

3、提出國家惠益分享法律機制的意義Some implications of the Legal System of the National Access and Benefit-sharing to Germplasm Resource in the newly Law on Seed.（一）生物遺傳資源國家主權原則成功國內法律適用The successful implementation of sovereignty to biological genetic source from Convention on Biodiversity, 1992 in China again.（二）種子主權

4、原則有望制度化實施The sovereignty to seed from Article 11, the Law on Seed should be take in practice.（三）我國生物遺傳資源獲取和惠益分享法律機制逐步完善又一表現The newly manifestation of completion of legal regime of access and benefit-sharing in China.內容頁 （設計好之后可以刪掉這個文本框哦）種質資源國家惠益分享法律機制構建問題初探二、國家惠益分享法律機制的國際法律基礎The international law fo

5、undation of the Legal System of the National Access and Benefit-sharing to Germplasm Resource（一）生物多樣性公約、名古屋議定書規定生物多樣性公約第十五條、第十九條；名古屋議定書第五條、第六條和第七條。Article 15, 19; Convention on BiodiversityArticle 5, 6,7; Nagoya Protocol（二）糧食和農業植物遺傳資源國際公約規定糧食和農業植物遺傳資源國際公約第九條-第十三條Article 9-13; ITPGRFA內容頁 （設計好之后可以刪掉這個

6、文本框哦）（三）生物多樣性公約、名古屋議定書與糧食和農業植物遺傳資源國際公約關系分析 The relationship between CBD、NP、ITPGRFA1特別法與一般法？ Special law v.s General law2兩公約適用存在法律沖突，如何調適？How to make a adjustment of the implementation of collision between these treaties? 2.1 適用對象：生物遺傳資源（含動物、植物與微生物）與糧農公約附件一確定的60余種植物遺傳資源（該名單是否恒定？中國如何應對？）Biological Gen

7、etic Resource v.s Addendix 1 from the ITPGRFA2.2 實施機制：獲取和惠益分享機制（全球多邊惠益共享）、多邊惠益分享機制； Access and Benefit-sharing between two sides; Global access and benefit-sharing between multiply sides.2.3 具體制度設計：事先知情同意、共同商定條件和來源披露制度、標準材料轉讓協議（WHA大流行性流感框架業已出具標準材料轉讓協議范本）種質資源國家惠益分享法律機制構建問題初探二、國家惠益分享法律機制的國際法律基礎內容頁 （設計

8、好之后可以刪掉這個文本框哦）種質資源國家惠益分享法律機制構建問題初探三、應然層面國家惠益分享法律機制的構建（一）適用對象如何確定？1所有種質資源？（國家惠益分享機制與一般獲取和惠益分享機制區別何在？）How to distinguish the legal system of the national access and benefit-sharing on germplasm resource and the legal system of the access and benefit-sharing to biological genetic resource ?Because Chin

9、a has been stipulated the Regulation on Access and Benefit-sharing to Biological Genetic Resource (draft) since 2010.2糧農公約附件一確定的六十余種植物遺傳資源？（中國能接受多少？不能接受多少？是否允許做法律保留？）What is the viewpoint about the appendix 1 from ITPGRFA from China ?Can China should accept all the category in the appendix 1 from IT

10、PGRFA? 內容頁 （設計好之后可以刪掉這個文本框哦）種質資源國家惠益分享法律機制構建問題初探三、應然層面國家惠益分享法律機制的構建（二）實施機制如何創設？1獲取和惠益分享機制：接受者（user）和提供者（provider）簽署雙邊協議，該協議中含（事先知情同意與共同商定條件條款），加國家主管部門（focal-point）適當介入Agreement between the user and provider, the focal-point of country should get involved in suitable time. 2多邊惠益分享機制：接受者（user）和提供者（pro

11、vider，特定）簽署標準材料轉讓協議（格式合同，不可商量），惠益按比例返還至提供者維護的common-pool內Material Standard Agreement between user and provider, the percentage of royalty should be put in common-pool establishment by ITPGRFA then.內容頁 （設計好之后可以刪掉這個文本框哦）種質資源國家惠益分享法律機制構建問題初探 2.1 多邊惠益分享機制適用于誰？ 我國農業法、種子法是否需要確認農民權（farmers right）？ Should t

12、he Law on seed, Law on Agriculture in China confirm the farmers right? 誰享有農民權？（國家惠益分享法律機制僅由國家分享惠益？） Who owns the Farmers right? 植物新品種權與農民權如何協調？ How to keep balance between the Farmers right and the Plant Breeders right?內容頁 （設計好之后可以刪掉這個文本框哦）種質資源國家惠益分享法律機制構建問題初探三、應然層面國家惠益分享法律機制的構建 （三）具體制度如何設計？ 標準材料轉讓協

13、議免去事先知情同意和共同商定條件，直接簽署合同即生效 When signature is done, Material Transfer Agreement from the ITPGR go into effect directly. 內容頁 （設計好之后可以刪掉這個文本框哦）種質資源國家惠益分享法律機制構建問題初探三、應然層面國家惠益分享法律機制的構建（四）法律體系構成The Umbellate Form of legal system relates to Legal System of the National Access and Benefit-sharing to Germpla

14、sm Resource1種子法第十一條Article 11, the Seed on Law 2創設種質資源國家惠益共享機制相關法規、規章To establishment some regulation, department rules relates to the this field.3清理或廢止種質資源相關規章進出口農作物種子（苗）管理暫行辦法（1997年通過）、農作物種質資源管理辦法（2003）To make clean or abolish some old regulation, department rules. 內容頁 （設計好之后可以刪掉這個文本框哦）種質資源國家惠益分享法

15、律機制構建問題初探四、初步結論 Some preliminary conclusion（一）加入名古屋議定書后僅意味著我國有望初步構建生物遺傳資源獲取和惠益分享法律機制To ratified the Nagoya Protocol only means China just stipulated the legal regime of access and benefit-sharing to biological genetic resource primarily.（二）糧食和農業遺傳資源國際公約的研究和成果非常薄弱中國種子獲取、開發和利用國際國內情勢敦促中國盡快加入該公約。The research on ITPGRFA in China is very short and weakness.（三）農業部應盡快啟動國家惠益分享法律機制配套法規及規章創設避免該機制類似畜禽遺傳資源獲取和惠益分享法律機制束之高閣。Ministry of Agriculture in China should do some work of research and legislation on the Legal System of the National Access and Benefit-sharing to Germplasm Resou